The document discusses several topics related to industrial processes and materials. It describes how industrial ovens work by transferring heat energy to increase temperature. It also discusses industrial wheels made of different materials like rubber and polyurethane used for machinery. The document outlines the machining process for removing excess metal from parts and notes considerations for complex, fragile, or high tolerance workpieces. It also provides a brief overview of common machine tool methods like electric discharge machining, cutting, and stamping to shape metals.
1. Demand is defined as the quantity of a good purchased at a given price at a given time. It has three components: quantity, price, and time.
2. Factors that affect individual demand include: price of the good, price of related goods, income of the buyer, and tastes/preferences. Demand increases when price decreases and vice versa.
3. Market demand is the total quantity demanded by all buyers in the market. It is affected by the number of buyers, distribution of income/wealth, and climatic conditions.
This document discusses demand and supply analysis. It begins by defining demand as a want supported by both willingness and ability to pay. There are three conditions for a product to have demand: desire to buy it, willingness to pay the price, and ability to pay. Demand can be of different types depending on price, income, or related goods. The law of demand states that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, assuming other factors remain unchanged. A demand curve on a graph shows the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. A change in a factor like income can cause a shift in the demand curve, representing a change in demand rather than a movement along the curve.
UNIT 1 and 2-MICROECONOMICS-GE 19303 ECONOMICS FOR ENGINEERS.pdfSivaBalan515798
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in microeconomics that are covered in the GE 19303 ECONOMICS FOR ENGINEERS course. It includes definitions of economics, classifications of economics into microeconomics and macroeconomics, principles of demand and supply, elasticity, and determinants of demand. The document is presented as a series of slides by Dr. A. Paramasivam and covers topics such as scarcity, choice, opportunity cost, types of demand, and supply curves of firms.
Business Economics
According to Mc Nair and Meriam, Business economic consists of the use of economic modes of thought to analyse business situations. Siegel man has defined business economic (or business economic) as the integration of economic theory with business practice for the purpose of facilitating decision-making and forward planning by management
This document is a presentation by Dr. K. Baranidharan on the topic of supply. It defines supply as the quantities of a good or service that a seller is willing and able to provide at a given price and time. It notes that supply and demand are interrelated, with supply representing a firm's willingness to sell a product and demand representing a consumer's willingness to buy it. The presentation also states that suppliers aim to produce various goods and services to satisfy consumers and that supply depends on other factors remaining the same at a point in time.
Managerial economics applies economic theory and methods to business decision making. It helps managers allocate scarce organizational resources efficiently to achieve objectives. Managerial economics draws from both microeconomics, using concepts like demand analysis and cost production, and macroeconomics, to understand the business environment. It is a decision-oriented field that provides frameworks to analyze problems and evaluate alternatives in areas like production, pricing, investment, and competition. The goal is to help managers make informed choices about issues like product mix, production method, output level, and investment.
Basic concepts in decision making (EE&FA/C)Barani Dharan
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This document discusses key concepts in engineering economics and financial accounting. It defines opportunity cost as the cost of an alternative that must be forgone to pursue a certain action. The incremental concept refers to changes in output, costs, or incomes. Discounting principles involve converting future cash flows to present value based on a discount factor. The concept of time perspective acknowledges that money received in the future is not worth as much as money received today due to interest earned over time.
Nadia Daweds remarkable journey in financial management reflects her commitment to delivering measurable results. With extensive experience in supply chain financial analysis and compliance, she ensures businesses operate efficiently and profitably. Her ability to collaborate with cross-functional teams and implement strategic solutions makes her an invaluable leader in financial operations.
Billing for non-credentialed providers can be complex, but understanding the right strategies ensures compliance and prevents revenue loss. Whether using incident-to billing, locum tenens, or group NPI billing, following payer-specific guidelines is essential.
RECOVER YOUR SCAMMED FUNDS AND CRYPTOCURRENCY HIRE油iFORCE HACKER RECOVERYlonniecort7
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油iFORCE HACKER RECOVERY consists of professional hackers who specialize in securing compromised devices, accounts, and websites, as well as recovering stolen bitcoin and funds lost to scams. They operate efficiently and securely, ensuring a swift resolution without alerting external parties. From the very beginning, they have successfully delivered on their promises while maintaining complete discretion.油 Few organizations take the extra step to investigate network security risks, provide critical information, or handle sensitive matters with such油 油professionalism. The iFORCE HACKER RECOVERY team helped me retrieve $364,000 that had been stolen from my corporate bitcoin wallet. I am incredibly grateful for their assistance and for providing me with additional insights into the unidentified individuals behind the theft.
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Accounting Strategies for Businesses with Dak GilinskyDak Gilinsky
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Dak Gilinsky provides expert guidance on managing business finances, bookkeeping, and tax compliance. Learn essential accounting strategies to improve financial transparency, reduce errors, and optimize profitability. Whether you're a startup or an established company, these insights will help you stay financially organized and compliant.
Gross Domestic Product | Economics | Group PresentationMarcel David
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"This group presentation explores the concept of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), its significance in economics, methods of calculation, and its impact on national and global economies. It also covers factors influencing GDP growth and real-world examples."
Compliance First, Security Guaranteed: Unveiling the Five Core Advantages of ...MLPRU
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MLPRU believes that the future competition among exchanges will no longer be a simple battle over transaction fees but a comprehensive contest of security + compliance + technology + liquidity + ecosystem layout. Among numerous trading platforms, MLPRU stands out as the top choice for many investors due to its global compliance operations, top-tier security system, robust liquidity, intelligent trading tools, and innovative ecosystem layout.
Managerial economics applies economic theory and methods to business decision making. It helps managers allocate scarce organizational resources efficiently to achieve objectives. Managerial economics draws from both microeconomics, using concepts like demand analysis and cost production, and macroeconomics, to understand the business environment. It is a decision-oriented field that provides frameworks to analyze problems and evaluate alternatives in areas like production, pricing, investment, and competition. The goal is to help managers make informed choices about issues like product mix, production method, output level, and investment.
Basic concepts in decision making (EE&FA/C)Barani Dharan
油
This document discusses key concepts in engineering economics and financial accounting. It defines opportunity cost as the cost of an alternative that must be forgone to pursue a certain action. The incremental concept refers to changes in output, costs, or incomes. Discounting principles involve converting future cash flows to present value based on a discount factor. The concept of time perspective acknowledges that money received in the future is not worth as much as money received today due to interest earned over time.
Nadia Daweds remarkable journey in financial management reflects her commitment to delivering measurable results. With extensive experience in supply chain financial analysis and compliance, she ensures businesses operate efficiently and profitably. Her ability to collaborate with cross-functional teams and implement strategic solutions makes her an invaluable leader in financial operations.
Billing for non-credentialed providers can be complex, but understanding the right strategies ensures compliance and prevents revenue loss. Whether using incident-to billing, locum tenens, or group NPI billing, following payer-specific guidelines is essential.
RECOVER YOUR SCAMMED FUNDS AND CRYPTOCURRENCY HIRE油iFORCE HACKER RECOVERYlonniecort7
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油iFORCE HACKER RECOVERY consists of professional hackers who specialize in securing compromised devices, accounts, and websites, as well as recovering stolen bitcoin and funds lost to scams. They operate efficiently and securely, ensuring a swift resolution without alerting external parties. From the very beginning, they have successfully delivered on their promises while maintaining complete discretion.油 Few organizations take the extra step to investigate network security risks, provide critical information, or handle sensitive matters with such油 油professionalism. The iFORCE HACKER RECOVERY team helped me retrieve $364,000 that had been stolen from my corporate bitcoin wallet. I am incredibly grateful for their assistance and for providing me with additional insights into the unidentified individuals behind the theft.
油 油Webpage; www. iforcehackersrecovery. com
Email; contact@iforcehackersrecovery. com
whatsapp; +1 240. 803. 3. 706油 油油
Accounting Strategies for Businesses with Dak GilinskyDak Gilinsky
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Dak Gilinsky provides expert guidance on managing business finances, bookkeeping, and tax compliance. Learn essential accounting strategies to improve financial transparency, reduce errors, and optimize profitability. Whether you're a startup or an established company, these insights will help you stay financially organized and compliant.
Gross Domestic Product | Economics | Group PresentationMarcel David
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"This group presentation explores the concept of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), its significance in economics, methods of calculation, and its impact on national and global economies. It also covers factors influencing GDP growth and real-world examples."
Compliance First, Security Guaranteed: Unveiling the Five Core Advantages of ...MLPRU
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MLPRU believes that the future competition among exchanges will no longer be a simple battle over transaction fees but a comprehensive contest of security + compliance + technology + liquidity + ecosystem layout. Among numerous trading platforms, MLPRU stands out as the top choice for many investors due to its global compliance operations, top-tier security system, robust liquidity, intelligent trading tools, and innovative ecosystem layout.
The Monitoring presents the analysis of Ukraine's exports and imports, key trends, and business impediments. In December 2024, exports increased by only 2% yoy, while in January 2025, they fell by 8% yoy due to declining agricultural stocks. The physical volumes of wheat, corn, and sunflower oil exports continue to decline, although export prices remain relatively high.
The Monitoring also includes an analysis of key impediments for exporters, such as labor shortages, rising raw material costs, and the impact of the energy situation. Special attention is given to the Comprehensive Economic Partnership between Ukraine and the UAE, which grants duty-free access for 96.6% of Ukrainian goods.
More details are available on the website.
Women Economy The presentation, Breaking the Silence: The Untapped Potential ...snehadeeproy085
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The presentation, *Breaking the Silence: The Untapped Potential of Educated Women in the Economy*, explores the disparity between women's education and workforce participation. Despite significant progress in women's education, many educated women remain outside the workforce, which not only impacts their personal growth but also limits economic productivity. The introduction highlights how this gap affects national economies, emphasizing the need for urgent intervention. The presentation then examines the current scenario with global and national statistics, using visual aids such as bar charts to illustrate the stark differences in workforce participation between men and women.
A major section of the presentation is dedicated to understanding why educated women are not actively participating in the workforce. Social and cultural barriers, such as traditional gender roles, societal expectations, and family pressures, often discourage women from pursuing careers. Workplace challenges, including gender discrimination, wage gaps, and the lack of flexible work arrangements, further hinder their participation. Economic and policy-related factors, such as insufficient maternity leave policies, lack of childcare support, and the undervaluation of unpaid labor, also contribute to this issue. A pie chart highlights the most common barriers, with family responsibilities emerging as the biggest obstacle, followed by workplace discrimination and the wage gap.
The economic cost of women's exclusion from the workforce is another key focus. The presentation discusses how lower female workforce participation results in reduced productivity and slower economic growth. According to a report by McKinsey Global Institute, closing the gender gap in the workforce could add $28 trillion to global GDP by 2025. Additionally, industries suffering from a shortage of skilled workers continue to overlook a large pool of educated women, leading to talent waste. The social impact of economic exclusion is also significant, as financial dependency increases gender inequality and contributes to higher poverty rates in societies with lower female workforce participation. A graph comparing female workforce participation and GDP growth across different countries demonstrates that nations with higher female employment tend to have stronger economic stability.
To address these issues, the presentation proposes several solutions. Government policies such as stronger maternity and childcare support, enforcement of equal pay laws, and skill development programs can help bridge the gap. Corporate initiatives, including flexible work policies, diversity programs, and mentorship opportunities, can create a more inclusive work environment. Societal changes, such as redefining gender roles, encouraging women entrepreneurs, and raising awareness through education and media, are also essential to breaking long-standing barriers. Another bar graph illustrates how increased female work
Pearson's Chi-square Test for Research AnalysisYuli Paul
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The Chi-Square test is a powerful statistical tool used to analyze categorical data by comparing observed and expected frequencies. It helps determine whether a dataset follows an expected distribution (Goodness-of-Fit Test) or whether two categorical variables are related (Test for Independence). Being a non-parametric test, it is widely applicable but requires large sample sizes and independent observations for reliable results. While it identifies associations between variables, it does not measure causation or the strength of relationships. Despite its limitations, the Chi-Square test remains a fundamental method in statistics for hypothesis testing in various fields.
THSYU Launches Innovative Cryptocurrency Platform: A New Era of Secure and Ef...Google
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THSYU, a trailblazer in the global cryptocurrency trading landscape, is thrilled to announce the launch of its cutting-edge trading platform. This innovative platform is meticulously designed to provide secure, efficient, and user-friendly trading solutions. With this development, THSYU solidifies its position in the competitive cryptocurrency market while demonstrating its commitment to leveraging advanced technology for the protection of user assets.
Types demand - ENGINEERING ECONOMICS & FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - DR.K.BARANIDHARAN, SRI SAIRAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHENNAI
2. Prepared by :
Dr. K. BARANIDHARAN
PROF.MBA
SRI SAIRAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
CHENNAI
ENGINEERING ECONOMICS
AND
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
Sri Sairam Institute of Technology 2
4. Types of DEMAND
Demand can be of three
types:
1. Price Demand
2. Income Demand
3. Cross demand
4
5. Price DEMAND
Price demand refers to
the quantity of a
particular product or
service demanded at a
given price
5
6. Income DEMAND
Income demand refers to
the quantity of a particular
product or service
demanded at a given level
of income of a consumer or
household.
6
7. Cross DEMAND
Cross demand refers to the
quantity demanded for a
particular product or service,
given the price of a related good.
The related good may be
complementary or a substitute
7
8. Example:
1.Tyres and tubes are
complementary goods (one
cannot go without the other)
2.Tea and Coffee are
substitutees. Take one and
you have to leave the other.
8