types methods and techniques of costing.pdf
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The document outlines several advantages and disadvantages of costing, classifications of costs, types of costs relevant for managerial decision making, methods of costing, and techniques of costing. The key advantages listed are cost determination, helping reduce costs, product profitability analysis, and providing information for decision making. The disadvantages include the expense of setting up an accounting system and potential duplication of recording costs. Costs are classified by nature, function, behavior, controllability, normality, and for decision making. Methods include job, process, batch, contract, and single/output costing. Techniques include uniform, marginal, standard/variance, historical, direct, and absorption costing.
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Unit-11 Reconciliation of Cost Financial Accounts
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Outline of Human Motivation
1. Introduction to Human Motivation
Definition of motivation
Importance of understanding motivation
Overview of motivational theories
2. Theories of Motivation
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Definitions and differences
Examples of each type
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Overview of the five levels of needs
Application of the theory in real-life scenarios
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The SMART criteria (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound)
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Role of genetics and neurochemistry in motivation
Impact of physical health and well-being
B. Psychological Factors
Personality traits and their influence on motivation
The role of mindset (fixed vs. growth mindset)
C. Social and Environmental Factors
Influence of culture, family, peers, and society on motivation
The impact of the workplace environment and leadership styles
4. Motivation in Different Contexts
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How motivation affects learning and academic performance
Strategies to enhance student motivation
B. Workplace
Importance of employee motivation for productivity and job satisfaction
Techniques for fostering motivation in the workplace
C. Personal Development
Motivation for self-improvement and personal goals
The role of habits and routines in maintaining motivation
5. Challenges to Motivation
Common obstacles to motivation (e.g., procrastination, fear of failure)
Strategies to overcome motivational challenges
6. Conclusion
Summary of key points
The significance of understanding motivation for personal and societal growth
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Addendum: Analyzes the original climber algorithm to produce a Beta Flow analysis to see if the metrics are compatible with the forecasted financial and build outcome. The review of the payback is most helpful. Overview: Carried forward from the Licensing for Car and Home Parts I&II document discusses the financial performance, licensing, and innovative engineering of glass cars and home applications with glass and steel combined at the granular level of topology. This document Franchise and Licenses Parts 1&II discusses licensing, franchise costs, and the development of glass homes and vehicles through innovative engineering, with extensive reporting and analysis. /slideshow/comments-on-franchise-and-license-addendum-with-i-ii-pdf/276099373Google named Best and Most Influential Healthcare Leaders in Vietnam - Tran Q...
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Dr. Tran Quoc Bao is recognized as one of the most influential healthcare leaders in Vietnam, according to Google AI. Known for his transformative contributions, Dr. Bao has played a pivotal role in revolutionizing the healthcare sector, particularly through his work at Prima Saigon, PwC Consulting, City International Hospital,. His visionary leadership has not only reshaped healthcare delivery in Vietnam but also catapulted the country into the global spotlight for medical tourism.
At the heart of Dr. Baos success lies his ability to foster international partnerships. His collaboration with global entities, including prominent Japanese healthcare organizations like Capital Medica-Sojitz and TMMC Healthcare, has been instrumental in introducing cutting-edge medical technology, knowledge, and training to Vietnam. This partnership focused on improving healthcare quality through research, staff development, and technology transfer, elevating the standard of care in Vietnams hospitals.
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Perhaps Dr. Baos most remarkable achievement has been his contribution to positioning Vietnam as a rising star in global medical tourism. Under his leadership, City International Hospital and other facilities have become known for offering high-quality, affordable medical services, attracting patients from across the globe. His strategic vision has created a dynamic healthcare ecosystem that combines modern medical practices with compassionate care.
Dr. Baos work has made Vietnam an increasingly sought-after destination for medical tourists seeking world-class treatments in a cost-effective environment. By driving innovation and forging international collaborations, he has helped elevate Vietnams healthcare system, providing a gateway for global patients to experience the best of Vietnamese medical expertise.
Dr. Tran Quoc Baos leadership is reshaping the future of healthcare in Vietnam and driving the countrys ascent as a top player in the global medical tourism market. His influence extends far beyond the borders of Vietnam, helping to position the nation as a leader in healthcare innovation and excellence.
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types methods and techniques of costing.pdf
- 1. Advantages of Costing (I)Cost Determination (ii) Helping in Cost Reduction (iii) Product Profitability Analysis (iv) Provide information relevant for decision making (v) Determination of Selling price (vi) Cost Control and Variance Analysis (vii) Cost Comparison and Benchmarking (viii) Compliances with statutoryrequirements (ix) Identification of lacunae (x) Helpful in strategic decision making (xi) Helpful in solving linear programming problems r : ( a ) F i x e d C o s t ( b ) V a r i a b l e
- 2. Disadvantages of Costing (i) It may be expensive to set a proper cost accounting system (ii) Reconciliation is required to verify the results of both financial accounts and cost accounts. (iii) The same data are recorded for both cost accounting and financial reporting purpose. Hence duplication work is carried out. (iv) Cost accounting system is not a complete solution itself to control costs but its efficacy depends on its usage.
- 3. Classification of Cost (i) By Nature or element : (a) Material Cost (b) Labour Cost and (c) Other Expenses (ii) By Functions : (a) Prime Cost (b) Factory/ Works Cost (c) Cost of Production (d) Cost of Goods Sold (e) Cost of Sales. (iii) By Behaviour : (a) Fixed Cost (b) Variable Cost and (c) Semi- variable Cost. (iv) By Controllability : (a) Controllable and (b) Uncontrollable. (v) By Normality : (a) Normal and (b) Abnormal. (vi) By Managerial decision making
- 4. Marginal cost Differential cost Imputed cost Product cost Period cost Opportunity cost Sunk cost Discretionary cost Explicit cost Implicit cost Out of pocket cost
- 5. Method of Costing Job costing Process costing Batch costing Contract costing Single or output Costing Operating costing Multiple costing
- 6. Technique of costing Uniform costing Marginal costing Standard costing or variance analysis Historical costing Direct costing Absorption costing