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Ultrasonic motor

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Ashutosh Srivastava

Ultrasonic motors use piezoelectric materials to convert electrical energy into ultrasonic vibrations, generating motion through friction. They have a stator that transmits vibrations, a rotor that rotates, and a shaft that transfers the rotation. When voltage is applied, the piezoelectric ceramics in the stator vibrate and transmit the vibrations to the rotor through friction, inducing a traveling wave that creates torque to rotate the rotor. Ultrasonic motors offer advantages over conventional motors like high torque at low speeds, compact size, accuracy, and lack of electromagnetic interference. However, they require high-frequency power supplies and have lower durability. Major applications include cameras, hard drives, robots,

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Ultrasonic Motor PREPARED BY: Ashutosh Srivastava (1375120016) DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING KIPM-COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, GIDA,GKP
TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION. PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT. STRUCTURE OF ULTRASONIC MOTOR. WORKING OF ULTRASONIC MOTOR. ADVANTAGES OF USM OVER EM MOTOR. DISADVANTAGES OF USM. MAJOR APPLICATIONS OF USM. CONCLUSION. REFERENCES. ADDITIONAL INFO.
INTRODUCTION It has been known for more than 30year. the first ultrasonic motor was introduced by V.V. Lavrinko in 1965. An ultrasonic motor is a type of electric motor formed from the ultrasonic vibration. Conversion of electrical energy into motion by inverse piezoelectric effect.
To obtain the levels of torque speed characteristics of USM using conventional motor we require to add a gear system to reduce the speed. these characteristics USM makes them attractive for robotics application where small motors are required. Contd
PIEZOELECTRICAL EFFECT Piezoelectric effect is conversion of mechanical pressure to electrical energy and conversion of electrical energy to mechanical pressure is known as inverse piezoelectric effect or Electrostriction. Piezoelectricity : generation of voltage in response of mechanical stress. This effect is also reversible. Piezoelectric materials are Quartz, Rochelle salt, Tourmaline, Lead Zirconium Titanate etc.
STRUCTURE OF ULTRASONIC MOTOR
Structure is divided into mainly four part: o The Stator part transmits vibration. o The Rotor which is a rotation part. o The Shaft which transmits rotation. o The Bearing. Furthermore, the structure of a stator part is the following: o The Piezoelectric Ceramics which generate vibration. o The Stator metal which makes vibration amplify. o The Friction material which contacts with a rotor.
Working of ultrasonic motor When electric voltage is applied on Piezoelectric Ceramics plate , due to piezoelectric effect it vibrate and as it is connect to stator , stator metal amplify the vibration. The Friction material which contacts with a rotor, is connect rotor and stator to vibrate at same frequency. Rotor start vibration and then at rotor metal surface a potential is induced due to Electrostriction(inverse piezoelectric effect) . When at rotor voltage is induced a travelling wave is generate which cause to create a torque which rotates the rotor.
Advantages of Ultrasonic Motor over Electromechanical Motor Electromechanical motors are famous for consuming high amount of power and creating high ambient motor temperatures respect to USMs. the electromagnetic motors produce strong magnetic fields which cause interference. Ultrasonic motors use piezoelectric effect and hence no magnetic interference. Electromagnetic motor has high input to output energy loss ratios while USM has low power loss. USM high positional accuracy respect to electromagnetic motor.
Contd USM is characterized as low speed and high torque while EM motor is high speed and low toque. The efficiency of electromagnetic motors falls as their dimensions are reduced, but that of PUMs stay virtually constant. Linear electromagnetic motors are very difficult to design while PUMs are quite simple. USM has compact size and quite operation while EM motor has bulky and noisy operation.
Contd Different velocities without gear-mechanisms. USMs are capable to work in extreme environment working condition.
Disadvantages of Ultrasonic Motors A high-frequency power supply is required.[in KHz range] As these motors operate on friction, durability is very less. Piezoelectric materials are expensive.
MAJOR APPLICATIONS watch motors. Used to inject oil into the burners. Camera auto focus lenses. Used to control the disk heads of computer like floppies, hard disk and CD drives. In automobiles industry. Aerospace. Medicine(in magnetic resonance imaging scanning) Robotics. Power steering and car seat adjustment. surveillance cameras.
Conclusion The above mentioned advantages and applications, concludes the scope of ultrasonic motors in day-to-day life. However the disadvantages brings up the need of further researches in the field of ultrasonic motors. Hence the ultrasonic motors, which is a new step in miniaturized electrical technology has got many applications in small appliances because of its high torque at low speed.
REFERENCES http://www.noliac.com/Files/Billeder/Pdf/Pdf%20%20extern al/piezoelectric_ultrasonic_motors.pdf http://www.americanpiezo.com/piezo_theory/piezo_theory.p df http://www.slideshare.net www.pdf-searchengine.com
Additional Info piezoelectric effect was discovered by Jacques curie and pierre curie[France-1880]. first ultrasonic motor was developed by V. V. Lavrinko[Russia-1965].
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Ultrasonic motor

  • 1. Ultrasonic Motor PREPARED BY: Ashutosh Srivastava (1375120016) DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING KIPM-COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, GIDA,GKP
  • 2. TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION. PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT. STRUCTURE OF ULTRASONIC MOTOR. WORKING OF ULTRASONIC MOTOR. ADVANTAGES OF USM OVER EM MOTOR. DISADVANTAGES OF USM. MAJOR APPLICATIONS OF USM. CONCLUSION. REFERENCES. ADDITIONAL INFO.
  • 3. INTRODUCTION It has been known for more than 30year. the first ultrasonic motor was introduced by V.V. Lavrinko in 1965. An ultrasonic motor is a type of electric motor formed from the ultrasonic vibration. Conversion of electrical energy into motion by inverse piezoelectric effect.
  • 4. To obtain the levels of torque speed characteristics of USM using conventional motor we require to add a gear system to reduce the speed. these characteristics USM makes them attractive for robotics application where small motors are required. Contd
  • 5. PIEZOELECTRICAL EFFECT Piezoelectric effect is conversion of mechanical pressure to electrical energy and conversion of electrical energy to mechanical pressure is known as inverse piezoelectric effect or Electrostriction. Piezoelectricity : generation of voltage in response of mechanical stress. This effect is also reversible. Piezoelectric materials are Quartz, Rochelle salt, Tourmaline, Lead Zirconium Titanate etc.
  • 7. Structure is divided into mainly four part: o The Stator part transmits vibration. o The Rotor which is a rotation part. o The Shaft which transmits rotation. o The Bearing. Furthermore, the structure of a stator part is the following: o The Piezoelectric Ceramics which generate vibration. o The Stator metal which makes vibration amplify. o The Friction material which contacts with a rotor.
  • 8. Working of ultrasonic motor When electric voltage is applied on Piezoelectric Ceramics plate , due to piezoelectric effect it vibrate and as it is connect to stator , stator metal amplify the vibration. The Friction material which contacts with a rotor, is connect rotor and stator to vibrate at same frequency. Rotor start vibration and then at rotor metal surface a potential is induced due to Electrostriction(inverse piezoelectric effect) . When at rotor voltage is induced a travelling wave is generate which cause to create a torque which rotates the rotor.
  • 9. Advantages of Ultrasonic Motor over Electromechanical Motor Electromechanical motors are famous for consuming high amount of power and creating high ambient motor temperatures respect to USMs. the electromagnetic motors produce strong magnetic fields which cause interference. Ultrasonic motors use piezoelectric effect and hence no magnetic interference. Electromagnetic motor has high input to output energy loss ratios while USM has low power loss. USM high positional accuracy respect to electromagnetic motor.
  • 10. Contd USM is characterized as low speed and high torque while EM motor is high speed and low toque. The efficiency of electromagnetic motors falls as their dimensions are reduced, but that of PUMs stay virtually constant. Linear electromagnetic motors are very difficult to design while PUMs are quite simple. USM has compact size and quite operation while EM motor has bulky and noisy operation.
  • 11. Contd Different velocities without gear-mechanisms. USMs are capable to work in extreme environment working condition.
  • 12. Disadvantages of Ultrasonic Motors A high-frequency power supply is required.[in KHz range] As these motors operate on friction, durability is very less. Piezoelectric materials are expensive.
  • 13. MAJOR APPLICATIONS watch motors. Used to inject oil into the burners. Camera auto focus lenses. Used to control the disk heads of computer like floppies, hard disk and CD drives. In automobiles industry. Aerospace. Medicine(in magnetic resonance imaging scanning) Robotics. Power steering and car seat adjustment. surveillance cameras.
  • 14. Conclusion The above mentioned advantages and applications, concludes the scope of ultrasonic motors in day-to-day life. However the disadvantages brings up the need of further researches in the field of ultrasonic motors. Hence the ultrasonic motors, which is a new step in miniaturized electrical technology has got many applications in small appliances because of its high torque at low speed.
  • 16. Additional Info piezoelectric effect was discovered by Jacques curie and pierre curie[France-1880]. first ultrasonic motor was developed by V. V. Lavrinko[Russia-1965].