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Understanding Mental Health presentation.pptx

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Mental health understanding and how to care for those suffering from Mental Ill Health

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Understanding Mental Health & Mental Illness Presenter : Sarah Boodhoo
What is Mental Health?? Mental health refers to the maintenance of successful mental activity.
What is Mental Health?? Mental health refers to the maintenance of successful mental activity. This includes maintaining productive daily activities and maintaining fulfilling relationships with others. It also includes maintaining the abilities to adapt to change and to cope with stresses.
Mental illness can occur when the brain (or part of the brain) is not working well or is working in the wrong way.
Thinking When the brain is not working properly, one or more of its 6 functions will be disrupted Perception Emotion Signaling Behaviour Physical
Symptoms can include Sleep problems Extreme emotional highs and lows Thinking difficulties or problems focusing attention
When these symptoms significantly disrupt a persons life, we say that the person has a mental disorder or a mental illness.
Well, the causes of mental illness are COMPLICATED!! Genetics Environment + Brain Disorder
What do we know about the causes of mental illness? The symptoms of mental illness are a result of abnormal brain functioning. Mental illness is a brain disorder. Mental illness is rarely if ever caused by stress alone
What do we know about the causes of mental illness? It is not the consequence of poor parenting or bad behaviour. It is not the result of personal weakness or deficits in personality. It is not the manifestation of malevolent spiritual intent. Only in exceptional cases is it caused by nutritional factors. It is not caused by poverty.
Many mental illnesses begin during childhood and persist into adolescence. Some of these include: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD
BUT some illnesses begin during adolescence. The illnesses that most often begin during adolescence include: Major Depression (MD) Schizophrenia Bipolar Disorder (BD) Panic disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Eating Disorders Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Addictions
Most people with mental disorders live productive and positive lives while receiving treatments for their mental illness. Some people have severe and persistent mental disorders which respond poorly to current treatments (as in all other illnesses) Mental illness does not respect any boundaries of race, class or geography. The majority of people have a friend, acquaintance or family member who has or has had a mental disorder. What do we know about people with mental illnesses?
Schizophrenia
Introduction Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that is caused by the person with the disorders lack of ability to make the distinction between reality and fantasy. Due to the complexity of Schizophrenia, there is no set cause of the disorder There are several different types of schizophrenia, each more complex and intricate than the next
Signs and Symptoms Cognitive Symptoms: subtle signs only noticeable through neuropsychological testing. Of all the symptoms, these are the ones that make it the hardest for those with Schizophrenia to lead a normal life. Positive Symptoms: the symptoms most easily noticed by others that come and go. They can be severe or barely noticeable. Treatment is required to correct these symptoms. Negative Symptoms: refers to a decrease in normal emotional or behavioral states. These symptoms normally cause the affected to be seen as lazy individuals who do not seek to live better lives.
Positive Symptoms and Signs Positive Symptoms include: Hallucinations- can be seen, heard, felt, or smelled. Most common hallucination is that of voices, or sounds, that none but the affected hear. Delusions- false personal beliefs. Most common delusion is paranoia, or the false belief that something or someone means to cause the affected personal harm. Thought Disorder- disorganized thinking, or the inability to think correctly. This could be in the form of the affected stopping the middle of a sentence, garbled speech or neologisms, also known as invented or unintelligible words. Disorders of Movement- clumsy or uncoordinated movement, as well as involuntary movements such as grimacing or the affected may exhibit strange mannerisms. The affected may also repeat certain motions, or become Catatonic, in which the affected will enter a state of immobility or unresponsiveness.
Negative Symptoms and Signs Negative Symptoms and Signs include: The Flat Effect- immobile facial expression, or a monotonous voice. Lack of pleasure in every day life Diminished ability to initiate and sustain planned activity Infrequent speaking, even when forced to interact with others. The neglect of basic hygiene in severe cases
Cognitive Symptoms and Signs Cognitive Symptoms include: Problems with Working Memory- the affected have trouble storing learned information and using it right away when the situation demands. Inability to stay attentive over extended periods of time Poor Executive Functioning- the ability to absorb and interpret information and make decisions based on such information is diminished.
Treatment Since no one can be sure what causes Schizophrenia, the only treatments available to those affected are ones that calm or relieve the symptoms of the mental illness. Like Diabetes, this disorder must be constantly managed and monitored. These treatments include: Antipsychotic Medications- relieve the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia. These have been used since the mid 1950s. Such drugs greatly improve the lives of the affected, but sadly do not cure the disorder itself. Normally, several different types of this drug must be tried to find the right one. In rare cases, no drug that positively reduces the effects can be found. Psychosocial Treatment- only for those already on Antipsychotic Medications. Mostly, this treatment involves therapy that helps those affected work toward coping with their mental illness.
Understanding ADHD
Core ADHD Symptoms Inattentiveness: Having a short attention span/does not pay attention. Doesnt seem to listen when spoken to Fails to finish tasks/Avoids sustained effort Easily distracted. Cant organise/loses things Forgetful
Core ADHD Symptoms Hyperactivity Fidgets eg: touching others, chewing, twiddling, tapping. These can be small or large movements. Always on the go, unable to sit still eg: leaves seat in class, or unable to remain seated when at the cinema, dinner table, assembly. Run and climbs excessively Talks excessively (verbally hyperactive
Core ADHD Symptoms Impulsivity Unable to wait their turn eg: table games, computer games. Impatient Needs to be first. Shouting out answers before the question is complete. Finishes others sentences. Interrupting other people conversation or games. Intrudes on other Invading others space
Autism
Autism is a hidden disability, meaning it is not easy to recognise when someone has the condition. When you see the following pattern (on a wristband, card or mobile device) it means someone has autism and wants you to know so that you can support them: Autistic people often have difficulty in accessing community activities, leisure facilities and other services. Everyone having a better understanding of autism has the power to change lives. The following information is provided to help you to gain a better understanding of autism and suggests ways in which you can support autistic people. What Is Autism?
Autism is also known by other names, including: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Pervasive Developmental Disorder Autistic Spectrum Condition (ASC) Aspergers Syndrome What Is Autism?
It is estimated that 1 in every 100 people in the UK have an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Currently more males than females are diagnosed with autism. Autism is a lifelong condition and affects people from all backgrounds. Many people are unaware that they are autistic. This is especially true for adults. What Is Autism?
Autistic people have differences in the following areas: Social Communication & Social Interaction Unusual sensory responses Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour Restricted, repetitive interests or activities Social Imagination and Flexibility of Thought What Is Autism?
Autistic people experience social communication differences. The way this affects a person can vary, and can include difference in the use and understanding of: Social Communication & Social Interaction language toneof voice eyecontact gestures speech
How this impacts on day to day life: People often use body language and sarcasm to convey something. Autistic people often find these difficult to understand. Autistic people may be perceived as rude because they avoid eye contact. Their tone of voice may not always reflect the way an autistic person is feeling. An autistic person may not be able to use gestures or interpret other peoples gestures. Autistic people may interpret language literally and so may misunderstand idioms (pull your socks up) and metaphors (my head was spinning). Social Communication & Social Interaction
Autistic people experience social interaction differences. The way this affects a person can vary, and can include difference in the use and understanding of: showing concern for others building and sustaining relationships giving and receiving compliments engaging in conversation understanding humour Social Communication & Social Interaction
How this impacts on day to day life, both positively and negatively: Decreased feelings of pain Sensitivity to lighting in shops Difficulties around noisy traffic Inability to tolerate certain smells Dislike of certain colours Sensitivity to touch Sensory joy from certain colours Sensory joy from the feel of certain materials stimming Distress/anxiety in busy environments Unusual Sensory Responses
Communication - adapting your communication can help an autistic person: Speak slowly and clearly Dont use idioms or metaphors Allow time for the person to process information Keep instructions short Avoid relying on gesture, facial expression or tone of voice Adapt Your Communication
Understanding Mental Health presentation.pptx
Understanding Mental Health presentation.pptx

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Understanding Mental Health presentation.pptx

  • 1. Understanding Mental Health & Mental Illness Presenter : Sarah Boodhoo
  • 2. What is Mental Health?? Mental health refers to the maintenance of successful mental activity.
  • 3. What is Mental Health?? Mental health refers to the maintenance of successful mental activity. This includes maintaining productive daily activities and maintaining fulfilling relationships with others. It also includes maintaining the abilities to adapt to change and to cope with stresses.
  • 4. Mental illness can occur when the brain (or part of the brain) is not working well or is working in the wrong way.
  • 5. Thinking When the brain is not working properly, one or more of its 6 functions will be disrupted Perception Emotion Signaling Behaviour Physical
  • 6. Symptoms can include Sleep problems Extreme emotional highs and lows Thinking difficulties or problems focusing attention
  • 7. When these symptoms significantly disrupt a persons life, we say that the person has a mental disorder or a mental illness.
  • 8. Well, the causes of mental illness are COMPLICATED!! Genetics Environment + Brain Disorder
  • 9. What do we know about the causes of mental illness? The symptoms of mental illness are a result of abnormal brain functioning. Mental illness is a brain disorder. Mental illness is rarely if ever caused by stress alone
  • 10. What do we know about the causes of mental illness? It is not the consequence of poor parenting or bad behaviour. It is not the result of personal weakness or deficits in personality. It is not the manifestation of malevolent spiritual intent. Only in exceptional cases is it caused by nutritional factors. It is not caused by poverty.
  • 11. Many mental illnesses begin during childhood and persist into adolescence. Some of these include: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD
  • 12. BUT some illnesses begin during adolescence. The illnesses that most often begin during adolescence include: Major Depression (MD) Schizophrenia Bipolar Disorder (BD) Panic disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Eating Disorders Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Addictions
  • 13. Most people with mental disorders live productive and positive lives while receiving treatments for their mental illness. Some people have severe and persistent mental disorders which respond poorly to current treatments (as in all other illnesses) Mental illness does not respect any boundaries of race, class or geography. The majority of people have a friend, acquaintance or family member who has or has had a mental disorder. What do we know about people with mental illnesses?
  • 15. Introduction Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that is caused by the person with the disorders lack of ability to make the distinction between reality and fantasy. Due to the complexity of Schizophrenia, there is no set cause of the disorder There are several different types of schizophrenia, each more complex and intricate than the next
  • 16. Signs and Symptoms Cognitive Symptoms: subtle signs only noticeable through neuropsychological testing. Of all the symptoms, these are the ones that make it the hardest for those with Schizophrenia to lead a normal life. Positive Symptoms: the symptoms most easily noticed by others that come and go. They can be severe or barely noticeable. Treatment is required to correct these symptoms. Negative Symptoms: refers to a decrease in normal emotional or behavioral states. These symptoms normally cause the affected to be seen as lazy individuals who do not seek to live better lives.
  • 17. Positive Symptoms and Signs Positive Symptoms include: Hallucinations- can be seen, heard, felt, or smelled. Most common hallucination is that of voices, or sounds, that none but the affected hear. Delusions- false personal beliefs. Most common delusion is paranoia, or the false belief that something or someone means to cause the affected personal harm. Thought Disorder- disorganized thinking, or the inability to think correctly. This could be in the form of the affected stopping the middle of a sentence, garbled speech or neologisms, also known as invented or unintelligible words. Disorders of Movement- clumsy or uncoordinated movement, as well as involuntary movements such as grimacing or the affected may exhibit strange mannerisms. The affected may also repeat certain motions, or become Catatonic, in which the affected will enter a state of immobility or unresponsiveness.
  • 18. Negative Symptoms and Signs Negative Symptoms and Signs include: The Flat Effect- immobile facial expression, or a monotonous voice. Lack of pleasure in every day life Diminished ability to initiate and sustain planned activity Infrequent speaking, even when forced to interact with others. The neglect of basic hygiene in severe cases
  • 19. Cognitive Symptoms and Signs Cognitive Symptoms include: Problems with Working Memory- the affected have trouble storing learned information and using it right away when the situation demands. Inability to stay attentive over extended periods of time Poor Executive Functioning- the ability to absorb and interpret information and make decisions based on such information is diminished.
  • 20. Treatment Since no one can be sure what causes Schizophrenia, the only treatments available to those affected are ones that calm or relieve the symptoms of the mental illness. Like Diabetes, this disorder must be constantly managed and monitored. These treatments include: Antipsychotic Medications- relieve the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia. These have been used since the mid 1950s. Such drugs greatly improve the lives of the affected, but sadly do not cure the disorder itself. Normally, several different types of this drug must be tried to find the right one. In rare cases, no drug that positively reduces the effects can be found. Psychosocial Treatment- only for those already on Antipsychotic Medications. Mostly, this treatment involves therapy that helps those affected work toward coping with their mental illness.
  • 22. Core ADHD Symptoms Inattentiveness: Having a short attention span/does not pay attention. Doesnt seem to listen when spoken to Fails to finish tasks/Avoids sustained effort Easily distracted. Cant organise/loses things Forgetful
  • 23. Core ADHD Symptoms Hyperactivity Fidgets eg: touching others, chewing, twiddling, tapping. These can be small or large movements. Always on the go, unable to sit still eg: leaves seat in class, or unable to remain seated when at the cinema, dinner table, assembly. Run and climbs excessively Talks excessively (verbally hyperactive
  • 24. Core ADHD Symptoms Impulsivity Unable to wait their turn eg: table games, computer games. Impatient Needs to be first. Shouting out answers before the question is complete. Finishes others sentences. Interrupting other people conversation or games. Intrudes on other Invading others space
  • 26. Autism is a hidden disability, meaning it is not easy to recognise when someone has the condition. When you see the following pattern (on a wristband, card or mobile device) it means someone has autism and wants you to know so that you can support them: Autistic people often have difficulty in accessing community activities, leisure facilities and other services. Everyone having a better understanding of autism has the power to change lives. The following information is provided to help you to gain a better understanding of autism and suggests ways in which you can support autistic people. What Is Autism?
  • 27. Autism is also known by other names, including: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Pervasive Developmental Disorder Autistic Spectrum Condition (ASC) Aspergers Syndrome What Is Autism?
  • 28. It is estimated that 1 in every 100 people in the UK have an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Currently more males than females are diagnosed with autism. Autism is a lifelong condition and affects people from all backgrounds. Many people are unaware that they are autistic. This is especially true for adults. What Is Autism?
  • 29. Autistic people have differences in the following areas: Social Communication & Social Interaction Unusual sensory responses Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour Restricted, repetitive interests or activities Social Imagination and Flexibility of Thought What Is Autism?
  • 30. Autistic people experience social communication differences. The way this affects a person can vary, and can include difference in the use and understanding of: Social Communication & Social Interaction language toneof voice eyecontact gestures speech
  • 31. How this impacts on day to day life: People often use body language and sarcasm to convey something. Autistic people often find these difficult to understand. Autistic people may be perceived as rude because they avoid eye contact. Their tone of voice may not always reflect the way an autistic person is feeling. An autistic person may not be able to use gestures or interpret other peoples gestures. Autistic people may interpret language literally and so may misunderstand idioms (pull your socks up) and metaphors (my head was spinning). Social Communication & Social Interaction
  • 32. Autistic people experience social interaction differences. The way this affects a person can vary, and can include difference in the use and understanding of: showing concern for others building and sustaining relationships giving and receiving compliments engaging in conversation understanding humour Social Communication & Social Interaction
  • 33. How this impacts on day to day life, both positively and negatively: Decreased feelings of pain Sensitivity to lighting in shops Difficulties around noisy traffic Inability to tolerate certain smells Dislike of certain colours Sensitivity to touch Sensory joy from certain colours Sensory joy from the feel of certain materials stimming Distress/anxiety in busy environments Unusual Sensory Responses
  • 34. Communication - adapting your communication can help an autistic person: Speak slowly and clearly Dont use idioms or metaphors Allow time for the person to process information Keep instructions short Avoid relying on gesture, facial expression or tone of voice Adapt Your Communication