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Understanding the Genetic Material, discovery and composition of DNA and how it replicates l.pptx

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RosalieSabunodTeves1

This document summarizes the key discoveries and scientists involved in understanding DNA as the genetic material. It describes Frederick Griffith's discovery that DNA is involved in bacterial transformation. It then discusses experiments by Avery, Hershey and Chase that proved DNA, not proteins, is the genetic material. The document outlines discoveries about DNA composition by scientists like Levene and Chargaff. It discusses Watson and Crick's discovery of the double helix structure of DNA and their proposal of semiconservative DNA replication. The stages of DNA replication, including unwinding, complementary base pairing and joining, are then summarized.

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UNDERSTANDING THE GENETIC MATERIAL
Gregor Mendel Proposed the 2 fundamental principles of heredity. Hugo de Vries Carl Erich Correns Erich Seysenegg William Jasper Spillman DISCOVERY OF DNA AS GENETIC MATERIAL
Streptococcus pneumoniae 2 strains one with sugar coat has no sugar coat FREDERICK GRIFFITH (BRITISH BACTERIOL OGIST)
Understanding the Genetic Material, discovery and composition of DNA and how it replicates l.pptx
Identified the molecule that transformed R-strain bacteria into S-strain Isolated diff. molecules Concluded R strained picked up DNA & turned into S strained. OSWALD AVERY (CANADIAN-AMERICAN PHYSICIAN)
Understanding the Genetic Material, discovery and composition of DNA and how it replicates l.pptx
Alfred Hershey & Martha Chase Worked to prove that DNA not proteins was indeed the genetic material. used bacteriophage composed of DNA core and a protein coat Used radioactive labelling
Understanding the Genetic Material, discovery and composition of DNA and how it replicates l.pptx
Phoebus Levene (biochemist) Identified the basic structure of nucleotides, and DNA Nucleotides have sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous bases DNA Nucleotides contain 5 carbon sugar Phosphate Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T) Erwin Chargaff analysed the amount of each nitrogenous bases 1:1 ratio of pyramidines and purines Chargaffs rule (A paired to T) (G paired to C) THE COMPOSITION OF DNA
Determined the components of a double helix Hypothesized a method for DNA replication Won a Nobel prize with Maurice Wilkins The DNA molecule resembles a winding staircase. WATSON AND CRICK
Understanding the Genetic Material, discovery and composition of DNA and how it replicates l.pptx
DNA Replication- copying of genetic information AATCCGTAG If the 2 strands of DNA molecules separates, each strand will expose all the information necessary to construct 2 identical strands. Semiconservative replication- old strands are conserved in each daughter molecule HOW THE DNA REPLICATES
1. Unwinding and Unzipping- the old strands that make up the parent DNA molecule are unwound. 2. Complementary base pairing- free nucleotides in the surrounding medium are positioned through the process of complementary base pairing. 3. Joining- the complementary nucleotides join to form new strands. STEPS IN DNA REPLICATION
EVALUATION!!!
1.ATATCGGAGTACGTGCTA (Old strand) 2.TTAACAGTACGTGGCGCT (Old strand) SUPPLY THE CORRECT BASE PAIRS

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Understanding the Genetic Material, discovery and composition of DNA and how it replicates l.pptx

  • 2. Gregor Mendel Proposed the 2 fundamental principles of heredity. Hugo de Vries Carl Erich Correns Erich Seysenegg William Jasper Spillman DISCOVERY OF DNA AS GENETIC MATERIAL
  • 3. Streptococcus pneumoniae 2 strains one with sugar coat has no sugar coat FREDERICK GRIFFITH (BRITISH BACTERIOL OGIST)
  • 5. Identified the molecule that transformed R-strain bacteria into S-strain Isolated diff. molecules Concluded R strained picked up DNA & turned into S strained. OSWALD AVERY (CANADIAN-AMERICAN PHYSICIAN)
  • 7. Alfred Hershey & Martha Chase Worked to prove that DNA not proteins was indeed the genetic material. used bacteriophage composed of DNA core and a protein coat Used radioactive labelling
  • 9. Phoebus Levene (biochemist) Identified the basic structure of nucleotides, and DNA Nucleotides have sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous bases DNA Nucleotides contain 5 carbon sugar Phosphate Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T) Erwin Chargaff analysed the amount of each nitrogenous bases 1:1 ratio of pyramidines and purines Chargaffs rule (A paired to T) (G paired to C) THE COMPOSITION OF DNA
  • 10. Determined the components of a double helix Hypothesized a method for DNA replication Won a Nobel prize with Maurice Wilkins The DNA molecule resembles a winding staircase. WATSON AND CRICK
  • 12. DNA Replication- copying of genetic information AATCCGTAG If the 2 strands of DNA molecules separates, each strand will expose all the information necessary to construct 2 identical strands. Semiconservative replication- old strands are conserved in each daughter molecule HOW THE DNA REPLICATES
  • 13. 1. Unwinding and Unzipping- the old strands that make up the parent DNA molecule are unwound. 2. Complementary base pairing- free nucleotides in the surrounding medium are positioned through the process of complementary base pairing. 3. Joining- the complementary nucleotides join to form new strands. STEPS IN DNA REPLICATION