1. Block 1:The Database Management
Concepts
Unit 1: Basic
Concepts[1-1.2]
By AaliyaMalek
2. Chapter Contents
Data & Information
Drawbacks of File system
What is Database Management Systems ?
What is the need of DBMS?
Examples of DBMS
Database Types
Applications of DBMS
Advantage of DBMS over file system
Disadvantages of DBMS
DBMS vs. File System
2 Concepts
3. Data can be defined as a representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a
formalized manner, which should be suitable for communication, interpretation,
or processing by human or electronic machine.
Generally data is raw and unprocessed.
Data becomes information when it is processed, turning it into something
meaningful.
Information is organized or classified data, which has some meaningful values
for the receiver. Information is the processed data on which decisions and
actions are based.
3 Data & Information
Data & Information
4. Data Isolation: Because data are scattered in various files, and files may
be in different formats, writing new application programs to retrieve
the appropriate data is difficult.
Duplication of data Redundant data
Dependency on application programs Changing files would lead to
change in application programs
4 Drawbacks of File system
Drawbacks of File system
5. DBMS stands for Database Management System. We can break it like this
DBMS = Database + Management System.
Database is a collection of data and Management System is a set of
programs to store and retrieve those data. Based on this we can define
DBMS like this:
DBMS is a collection of inter-related data and set of programs to store &
access those data in an easy and effective manner.
For example: The college Database organizes the data about the admin,
staff, students and faculty etc.
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5 What is Database Management Systems ?
What is Database Management Systems ?
6. Database systems are basically developed for large amount of data. When
dealing with huge amount of data, there are two things that require
optimization: Storage of data and retrieval of data.
Storage: According to the principles of database systems, the data is
stored in such a way that it acquires lot less space as the redundant
data (duplicate data) has been removed before storage. .
Fast Retrieval of data: Along with storing the data in an optimized
and systematic manner, it is also important that we retrieve the data
quickly when needed. Database systems ensure that the data is
retrieved as quickly as possible.
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6 What is the need of DBMS?
What is the need of DBMS ?
7. Here are some examples of popular DBMS used these days:
MySql
Oracle
SQL Server
IBM DB2
PostgreSQL
Amazon SimpleDB (cloud based) etc
7
7 Examples of DBMS
Examples of DBMS
8. Depending on the number of users accessing the database, a database system may
be classified as
Single-user database system: It supports only one user at a time. When a single-
user database runs on a personal computer, it is also called a desktop database
system
Multi-user database system: It supports multiple users at the same time. When a
multi-user database supports relatively small number of users, it is called as a
workgroup database system. If the database is used by many users across globe, it
is known as enterprise database system
Depending on the location of the database, a database system may be classified
as:
Centralized database system: It supports data located at a single site or single
place
Distributed database system: It supports data distributed across several different
sites. Here, the same database can be replicated and stored in another computer so
that when ever the original server goes down; the data can be available to the user
from the replicated data from other servers.
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8 Database Types
9. Airline Reservation system
Banking : for customer information, accounts and loans and banking
transactions.
Universities : for student registrations and grades.
Airlines : for reservations and schedule information.
Library Management System : maintain all the information relate to book
issue dates, name of the book, author and availability of the book.
Telecommunications : for keeping records of call made, generating monthly
bills, maintaining balances on prepaid calling cards.
Sales : for customer, product and purchase information.
Finance : for storing information about holdings, sales, and purchases of
financial instruments such as stocks and bonds.
Human Resource : for information about employees, salaries, payroll taxes and
benefits
Manufacturing : for management of supply chain and for tracking production
of items in factories, inventories of items and orders for items.
Medical Sector
Military
9
9 Applications of DBMS
Applications of DBMS
10. processing 1
Controlling of Redundancy : Data redundancy refers to the duplication of data
(i.e. storing same data multiple times). In a database system, by having a
centralized database and centralized control of data by the DBA the unnecessary
duplication of data is avoided. It also eliminates the extra time for processing the
large volume of data. It results in saving the storage space
Improved Data Sharing : DBMS allows a user to share the data in any number
of application programs
Data Integrity : Integrity means that the data in the database is accurate.
Centralized control of the data helps in permitting the administrator to define
integrity constraints to the data in the database. For example: in customer
database we can can enforce an integrity that it must accept the customer only
from Noida and Meerut city.
Security : Having complete authority over the operational data, enables the DBA
in ensuring that the only mean of access to the database is through proper
channels. The DBA can define authorization checks to be carried out whenever
access to sensitive data is attempted.
Efficient Data Access : In a database system, the data is managed by the DBMS
and all access to the data is through the DBMS providing a key to effective data
0
10 Advantage of DBMS over file system
Advantage of DBMS over file system
11. DBMS File System
Minimal data redundancy problem
in DBMS
Data Redundancy problem exits
Data Inconsistency does not exist Data Inconsistency exist here
Accessing database is easier Accessing is comparatively difficult
The problem of data isolation is not
found in database
Data is scattered in various files and
files may be of different format, so data
isolation problem exists
Transactions like insert, delete,
view, updating, etc are possible in
database
In file system, transactions are
not possible
Concurrent access and recovery
is possible in database
Concurrent access and recovery is
not possible
Security of data Security of data is not good
A database manager (administrator)
stores the relationship in form of structural
tables
A file manager is used to store all
relationships in directories in file systems.
11 DBMS VS FIlE SYSTEM
DBMS vs. File System
![Block 1:The Database Management
Concepts
Unit 1: Basic
Concepts[1-1.2]
By AaliyaMalek](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/unit11-1-240826101701-c858199a/85/unit-1-introduction-to-dbms-1-1-2-pptx-1-320.jpg)
