Unit 5
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This document discusses different types of solids and their properties. It provides steps for solving problems involving solids. Group A solids like cylinders and prisms have bases and tops of the same shape. Group B solids like cones and pyramids have a point top called an apex. Problems involving solids are solved in three steps: 1) assume the solid is standing on its plane of inclination, 2) draw front and top views considering the inclination axis, 3) draw final views considering any remaining inclinations. Several example problems are provided and walked through step-by-step to demonstrate how to draw the projections of solids in different orientations. Freely suspended solids have their
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Projection of solids - ENGINEERING DRAWING/GRAPHICS
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This document provides information on projections of planes and surfaces in engineering graphics. It begins with definitions of key terms like true shape, apparent shape, and reduced shape as they relate to projections. It then presents examples of how to draw projections of different plane figures in different orientations, such as when the surface is parallel to or inclined to the horizontal or vertical planes. It provides pictorial representations and orthographic projections for various cases including rectangles, pentagons, hexagons, and circles oriented in different ways. The document concludes with example problems demonstrating how to apply the concepts.projection of solid
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1) The document describes various geometric solids and their projections including prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones, and frustums.
2) It provides examples of different solids placed in various positions and orientations and outlines the step-by-step process to draw their projections.
3) The examples illustrate how to draw projections when axes of solids are inclined to the planes of projection at various angles and when parts of solids intersect projection planes.Projection of solids
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This document discusses the projection of planes. It defines a plane as a two-dimensional object with length and breadth but negligible thickness. There are two main types of planes: perpendicular and oblique. Perpendicular planes are perpendicular to one of the principal planes of projection, while oblique planes are inclined to both. The document provides examples of different orientations of perpendicular planes and their appearances in top and front views. It also gives an example problem showing the projection of an inclined plane.Unit 6
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1) The document classifies solids into two groups - Group A solids have bases and tops of the same shape, while Group B solids have a base of some shape and just a point as a top.
2) Problems involving solids are solved in three steps - assuming the solid standing on a reference plane, drawing projections based on that, then considering additional inclinations.
3) Freely suspended solids have their center of gravity located at specific points along their axis depending on the solid type - cylinders and prisms have their CG at the midpoint, while cones and pyramids have their CG a quarter of the way from the base.Projection of solids
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Its use for all students who know about projection of solid and many more.I'm upload this for all engineering students.thank you.......@#!&Projection of-solid
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The document defines and classifies different types of solids and their projections. It describes solids as three-dimensional objects bounded by surfaces that can be curved or flat. Solids are classified as polyhedra or solids of revolution. Polyhedra include prisms, pyramids, and regular polyhedra like cubes. Solids of revolution are generated by rotating a plane figure around an axis, and include cylinders, cones, spheres and other shapes. The document also defines important terms used in projections of solids, such as axis, apex, edges, and provides examples of how to draw multi-view projections of different solids.Projection Of Plane
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This document discusses the basic tools used for technical drawing and engineering graphics (EG). It describes commonly used drawing tools like pencils, drawing boards, T-squares, rulers, scales, compasses, and drafting machines. It also provides details on the different types of planes (perpendicular and oblique) and how they are projected, including examples of planes positioned perpendicular to and inclined from the horizontal and vertical planes.Projection of Solids
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The document discusses the projection of solids in engineering graphics. It describes different types of solids including polyhedra like cubes and pyramids. It also covers solids of revolution like cylinders and cones. It explains how to project these solids by assuming their position and drawing front and top views in three steps. Dimensional parameters, inclined positions, and problems involving various solids are also covered.Projections of solids
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The document discusses the projection of solids and provides examples of how to project solids in different positions. It describes how to project solids when the axis is perpendicular to or parallel to the horizontal and vertical planes. It also explains how to project solids when the axis is inclined to one of the planes. Examples are provided for projecting prisms, pyramids, cylinders and cones in various positions.projection if solid 
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This document discusses the projection of solids in engineering graphics. It covers 5 cases of solid projection depending on the axis orientation relative to the reference planes. It also provides an example of projecting a pentagonal prism with the axis inclined at 45 degrees to the vertical plane and resting on its base on the horizontal plane. The example summary explains that since the axis is inclined to the vertical plane, the base must be drawn perpendicular to the vertical plane in the front view with one side on the XY line.Projection of solids3
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The document contains descriptions of 12 problems involving drawing multi-view projections of various 3D geometric shapes. The shapes include prisms, pyramids, cones, cylinders, and a casting. They are positioned in different orientations relative to the horizontal and vertical planes. The problems require drawing the front, top, and side views to show the 3D shape and its dimensions.Projection of solid1
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1. Solids have three dimensions and are represented using orthographic projections on two-dimensional planes. Solids can be polyhedra, with flat faces, or solids of revolution generated by rotating shapes.
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The document provides information on the projection of plane figures:
1) It explains the basics of plane projection problems, including what is typically given (projections of the plane) and asked for (its position relative to reference planes).
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1) An oblique plane is a plane surface that is inclined to one of the principal planes, with one of its sides, diagonals, or diameter parallel to the principal plane and inclined to the other principal plane.
2) There are three steps to drawing projections of oblique planes: initial position, intermediate position, and final position.
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1. The document discusses the procedure for solving problems involving the projections of plane figures.
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The document discusses different concepts related to projections of planes and solids in engineering drawing. It defines principal planes and different types of secondary planes like planes perpendicular or parallel to reference planes. It also defines auxiliary planes as planes inclined to one reference plane and perpendicular to the other. Some examples of auxiliary planes described are auxiliary vertical plane and auxiliary inclined plane. The document provides different questions related to projections of planes, solids and their sections along with their solutions. It includes problems on finding true shapes of different sections and determining inclination of cutting planes.New lesson 1 points and lines - i
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1. The document describes various solids and their classification into two groups - Group A consisting of solids with bases and tops of the same shape, and Group B consisting of solids with bases of some shape and just a point as the top.
2. Dimensional parameters of different solids like cylinders, cones, prisms and pyramids are defined. Positions of solids relative to planes are also described.
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1. The document describes various solids and their dimensional parameters including rectangular prisms, triangular prisms, square pyramids, cylinders, and cones. It discusses their faces, edges, and other geometric features.
2. Methods for solving problems involving solids are presented. Problems can be solved in three steps: 1) assume the solid is standing on the plane it is inclined to, 2) draw projections considering the solid's inclination, and 3) draw final projections considering any remaining inclinations.
3. Several example problems are shown applying this three-step method to solids inclined to horizontal and vertical planes in different positions like standing, resting, or freely suspended. This includes determining front, top/Engineering Graphics Projection of Solids.pptx
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Description and problems based on projection of solidsprojection of solide
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1. The document classifies solids into two groups - Group A solids have bases and tops of the same shape, while Group B solids have a base of some shape and just a point as a top.
2. Problems involving solids are solved in three steps: 1) assume the solid is standing on its base plane, 2) consider the solid's inclination, 3) consider any remaining inclination to draw the final views.
3. Key solids discussed include cylinders, cones, prisms, pyramids, tetrahedrons, and their dimensional parameters, positions of centers of gravity, and examples of how to draw their projections when resting, inclined, or freely suspended.Projection of solids
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1. The document discusses different types of solids and their classification into two groups based on the shape of their top and base.
2. It provides instructions on how to solve problems involving solids by assuming their position and orientation, and drawing their front, top, and side views in three steps.
3. Examples of problems involving solids like cubes, pyramids, cylinders, and cones in different orientations are presented along with their step-by-step solutions.Projectionofsolids(thedirectdata[1].com)![Projectionofsolids(thedirectdata[1].com)](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/projectionofsolidsthedirectdata1-170802182501-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds)
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1. The document discusses different types of solids and their classification into two groups: Group A solids have the same shape for the top and base, while Group B solids have the base of some shape and just a point for the top.
2. It provides details on the dimensional parameters of solids like cylinders, cones, prisms and pyramids. It also describes how to solve problems involving solids in three steps: assuming the solid standing on a reference plane, drawing the front and top views, and considering any remaining inclinations.
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The document discusses different types of solids and their projections. It is divided into two major sections.
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Section two provides steps for solving problems involving solids. It explains how to assume the solid is standing on a plane based on its orientation, and how to draw front and top views. It also categorizes example problems and provides solutions for problems involving solids like pyProjection of solidsProjection of solidsProjection of solids
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2. It then provides dimensional parameters and definitions for different solids like triangular faces, slant edges, generators, etc. It also discusses positions of solids relative to planes like standing, resting, and lying.
3. The rest of the document contains 10 problems solving different configurations of solids through their projections using standard procedures like making visible lines dark and hidden lines dotted. This includesProjection of solids
Projection of solidsSumit Chandak
油
1. The tetrahedron rests on one edge on the HP, with one triangular face containing this edge in the VP.
2. In the first view, the tetrahedron is drawn with one edge perpendicular to the HP to obtain the true shape of the base.
3. The corresponding top view shows one triangular face lying in the VP.
4. In the second view, the tetrahedron is inclined until the resting edge is parallel to the VP, with the other corresponding changes to the top view.UNIT-3 PROJECTION OF SOLIDS.ppt
UNIT-3 PROJECTION OF SOLIDS.pptVijayalakshmiR64
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The document discusses various types of solids and their classification. It provides information on dimensional parameters of solids like prisms, pyramids, cylinders and cones. It also describes positions of solids like standing, resting and lying on horizontal and vertical planes. Several example problems are given with step-by-step solutions to draw projections of different solids in various orientations.Ad
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Unit 5
- 1. SOLIDS To understand and remember various solids in this subject properly, those are classified & arranged in to two major groups. Group A Solids having top and base of same shape Cylinder Prisms Triangular Square Pentagonal Hexagonal Cube Triangular Square Pentagonal Hexagonal Cone Tetrahedron Pyramids ( A solid having six square faces) ( A solid having Four triangular faces) Group B Solids having base of some shape and just a point as a top, called apex.
- 2. SOLIDS Dimensional parameters of different solids. Top Rectangular Face Longer Edge Base Edge of Base Corner of base Corner of base Triangular Face Slant Edge Base Apex Square Prism Square Pyramid Cylinder Cone Edge of Base Base Apex Base Generators Imaginary lines generating curved surface of cylinder & cone. Sections of solids( top & base not parallel) Frustum of cone & pyramids. ( top & base parallel to each other)
- 3. STEPS TO SOLVE PROBLEMS IN SOLIDS Problem is solved in three steps: STEP 1: ASSUME SOLID STANDING ON THE PLANE WITH WHICH IT IS MAKING INCLINATION. ( IF IT IS INCLINED TO HP, ASSUME IT STANDING ON HP) ( IF IT IS INCLINED TO VP, ASSUME IT STANDING ON VP) IF STANDING ON HP - ITS TV WILL BE TRUE SHAPE OF ITS BASE OR TOP: IF STANDING ON VP - ITS FV WILL BE TRUE SHAPE OF ITS BASE OR TOP. BEGIN WITH THIS VIEW: ITS OTHER VIEW WILL BE A RECTANGLE ( IF SOLID IS CYLINDER OR ONE OF THE PRISMS): ITS OTHER VIEW WILL BE A TRIANGLE ( IF SOLID IS CONE OR ONE OF THE PYRAMIDS): DRAW FV & TV OF THAT SOLID IN STANDING POSITION: STEP 2: CONSIDERING SOLIDS INCLINATION ( AXIS POSITION ) DRAW ITS FV & TV. STEP 3: IN LAST STEP, CONSIDERING REMAINING INCLINATION, DRAW ITS FINAL FV & TV. AXIS VERTICAL AXIS INCLINED HP AXIS INCLINED VP AXIS VERTICAL AXIS INCLINED HP AXIS INCLINED VP AXIS TO VP er AXIS INCLINED VP AXIS INCLINED HP AXIS TO VP er AXIS INCLINED VP AXIS INCLINED HP GENERAL PATTERN ( THREE STEPS ) OF SOLUTION: GROUP B SOLID. CONE GROUP A SOLID. CYLINDER GROUP B SOLID. CONE GROUP A SOLID. CYLINDER Three steps If solid is inclined to Hp Three steps If solid is inclined to Hp Three steps If solid is inclined to Vp Study Next Twelve Problems and Practice them separately !! Three steps If solid is inclined to Vp
- 4. a bd c 1 24 3 X Ya b d c 1 2 4 3 a b c d 1 2 3 4 450 4 3 2 1 d c b a 4 3 2 1 d c b a 350 a1 b1 c1 d1 1 2 3 4 Problem 3: A cylinder 40 mm diameter and 50 mm axis is resting on one point of a base circle on Vp while its axis makes 450 with Vp and Fv of the axis 350 with Hp. Draw projections.. Solution Steps: Resting on Vp on one point of base, means inclined to Vp: 1.Assume it standing on Vp 2.Its Fv will show True Shape of base & top( circle ) 3.Draw 40mm dia. Circle as Fv & taking 50 mm axis project Tv. ( a Rectangle) 4.Name all points as shown in illustration. 5.Draw 2nd Tv making axis 450 to xy And project its Fv above xy. 6.Make visible lines dark and hidden dotted, as per the procedure. 7.Then construct remaining inclination with Hp ( Fv of axis I.e. center line of view to xy as shown) & project final Tv.
- 5. Problem 5: A cube of 50 mm long edges is so placed on Hp on one corner that a body diagonal is parallel to Hp and perpendicular to Vp Draw its projections. X Y b c d a a d cb a d c b a1 b1 d1 c1 a1 b1 d1 c1 1 p p a1 d1 c1 d1 Solution Steps: 1.Assuming standing on Hp, begin with Tv,a square with all sides equally inclined to xy.Project Fv and name all points of FV & TV. 2.Draw a body-diagonal joining c with 3( This can become // to xy) 3.From 1 drop a perpendicular on this and name it p 4.Draw 2nd Fv in which 1-p line is vertical means c-3 diagonal must be horizontal. .Now as usual project Tv.. 6.In final Tv draw same diagonal is perpendicular to Vp as said in problem. Then as usual project final FV. 13 1 3
- 6. FREELY SUSPENDED SOLIDS: Positions of CG, on axis, from base, for different solids are shown below. H H/2 H/4 GROUP A SOLIDS ( Cylinder & Prisms) GROUP B SOLIDS ( Cone & Pyramids) CG CG
- 7. a d cb b c d a a d c ba1 b d1 c1 d c a b X Y1 1 1 Problem 8: A cube of 50 mm long edges is so placed on Hp on one corner that a body diagonal through this corner is perpendicular to Hp and parallel to Vp Draw its three views. Solution Steps: 1.Assuming it standing on Hp begin with Tv, a square of corner case. 2.Project corresponding Fv.& name all points as usual in both views. 3.Join a1 as body diagonal and draw 2nd Fv making it vertical (I on xy) 4.Project its Tv drawing dark and dotted lines as per the procedure. 5.With standard method construct Left-hand side view. ( Draw a 450 inclined Line in Tv region ( below xy). Project horizontally all points of Tv on this line and reflect vertically upward, above xy.After this, draw horizontal lines, from all points of Fv, to meet these lines. Name points of intersections and join properly. For dark & dotted lines locate observer on left side of Fv as shown.)