UNIT VI.pptx

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The document discusses motivation and the motivation cycle. It explains that the motivation cycle begins with a need, which creates a drive to fulfill that need. This drive is directed towards incentives that can satisfy the need and reduce the drive. Achieving the incentive and satisfying the need results in a feeling of reward. It categorizes different types of needs (physiological, psychological) and motives (primary, secondary, general) that activate and guide goal-directed behavior in the motivation cycle. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is also mentioned, where the greatest needs at the bottom of the pyramid are the hardest to fulfill and motivate survival behaviors.

Motivation Cycle
? The term motivation refers to internal
processes that serve to activate, guide, and
maintain our behavior.
? The term motivation refers to factors that
activate, direct, and sustain goal-directed
behavior... Motives are the 'whys' of
behavior—the needs or wants that drive
behavior and explain what we do.

Cycle
? The cycle of motivation begins with a need,
which causes a drive fed by the incentive of
reaching the goal that fills the need. But that
isn't a cycle; it's a path, a journey with a
beginning, middle, and end. A cycle is never
ending, like a circle. So why is motivation
referred to as a cycle?

? Need
– It’s a product of physical and physiological
deprivation in the body.
– Its what which is lack in our body or in life.
– Desire of homeostatic condition.
– If stimuli constant don’t feel need.
– Type:- A. physiological:-basic physical need.
example:-hanger, oxygen
– B. psychological:-individual happiness & wellbeing
example:-love, power

? Drive
– Internal motivation state created by the need.
– Motion to fulfill the desire of the motivated
behavior.
– Internal tension state, stay till the satisfaction of
it.
– Can produce more than one responses.
– Example :- hunger drive.

? Incentive
– It motivates or encourage someone to do
something.
– Next ,appropriate object and situation towards
goal in cycle.
– Eases need and reduces drive.
– Incentive can be positive and negative.
– Example :-for hunger food is a incentive.
– Making food is positive.
– Chocolate is negative

? Reward
– State of achievement of the incentive
– Feel of pleasure, satisfaction gives rewards to self
– Restore homeostatic condition

Motives
? Primary Motives are unlearned and physiologically based. They are
biological and basic.
? They are primary, but don't always enjoy priority over secondary
motives. Sometimes. secondary motives are stronger than primary.
? Two criteria must be
? fulfilled in order for a motive to be included in primary
classification; (1) it must be
? unlearned, and (2) it must be physiologically based.
? The most commonly recognized
? primary motives include hunger, thirst, sleep, avoidance of pain,
sex, and maternal concern.
? Positivc motives are
? directly related to homeostatic deficiency of the cells.

? General motives
– The)' are neither included in primary nor in secondary motins. A
motive must be unlearned but not included in physiologically based
arc included in general motives like competence, curiosity,
manipulation, activity and affection.
? Secondary motives
– In advanced society, where people are comparatively getting enough
of what they need for livelihood, secondary motives are base on
motivating employees for higher performance. As a human society
develops economically and becomes more complex, the primary and,
to some extent, existing secondary drives give way to learn different
secondary drives in motivating behavior. In corporate business world,
secondary motives are very crucial.
? Achievement motive:
? Aggressive motive
? Power motive
? Acquisitive motive
? Curiosity motive
? Gregariousness

? Abraham Maslow was the first psychologist to
study needs that drive behavior.
? His hierarchy of needs is designed like a triangle
with the greatest needs at the bottom taking up
the most room in a person's life and the hardest
to reach goals at the top.
? he process Maslow described showed that
humans first and foremost are motivated to
survive (food and water). After survival needs are
met, they seek safety (shelter that can be
protected).

This document discusses different theories and perspectives on motivation. It describes motivation as the internal and external factors that drive and direct behavior. Several key theories are outlined, including: drive reduction theory, which sees motivation coming from biological needs; Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which arranges needs from basic to complex; and reinforcement theory, where behavior is motivated by rewards. The document also discusses unconscious motives, homeostasis, incentives, and different ways to categorize and group motives.

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This document discusses various theories and concepts related to motivation. It begins by defining motivation and exploring its nature and characteristics. It then examines several theories that seek to explain motivation, including: drive reduction theory, which views motivation as arising from physiological needs and drives; incentive theory, which emphasizes external stimuli; and arousal theory, which proposes that people are motivated to achieve an optimal level of arousal. The document also discusses cognitive approaches to motivation and Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs model. It explores the motivation cycle involving needs, drives, incentives and goals. Finally, it distinguishes between primary physiological motives and secondary social/learned motives.

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This document discusses motivation and related concepts. It defines motivation as the internal state that causes an organism to strive toward a goal, often in response to external stimuli. Motivation arises from needs, drives, incentives, and motives. It discusses various theories of motivation including instinct theory, drive theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, ERG theory, and Herzberg's two-factor theory. Motivation involves a cycle from needs and drives being aroused, to goal-directed behavior, achievement of the goal, and relief.

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Motivation is a complex process that influences human behavior. There are several theories that seek to explain what motivates individuals and impacts their productivity. Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic physiological needs before pursuing safety, love, esteem and self-actualization. Herzberg's two-factor theory distinguishes between hygiene factors like salary that prevent dissatisfaction and motivators like achievement that create satisfaction. McClelland's theory focuses on three needs - achievement, power and affiliation - that influence behavior. Equity theory, expectancy theory and goal-setting theory are examples of process theories that examine how people's motivation is affected by expectations, outcomes and goal-setting.

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The document discusses motivation and its key components. Motivation refers to internal driving forces that compel behavior and goal attainment. It arises from basic needs and is influenced by incentives. Motivation involves deciding on goals, effort toward goals, and persistence. Several theories attempt to explain motivation, such as reinforcement, cognitive, humanistic, and social learning theories. Understanding motivation can help nurses in learning, job performance, and understanding patient behavior.

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Motivation refers to internal and external forces that drive behavior toward a goal. Internal factors include needs, drives, and motives that arise from within a person. External factors consist of incentives and rewards from outside. Several theories attempt to explain motivation, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs, McClelland's achievement theory, and Bandura's social learning theory. Understanding motivation is important for nurses, as it helps them better meet patient needs and interpret patient behavior.

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Motivation is derived from the Latin word "movere" meaning "to move" and is defined as a need that requires satisfaction. It stimulates, orients, and maintains human behavior toward achieving a goal. Motivation is not a direct observable behavior but rather influences behavior. The motivation cycle involves a need arising, which creates a drive, arousal, goal-directed behavior to satisfy the need, achievement of the goal, and reduction of arousal. Approaches to motivation include behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic perspectives. Maslow's hierarchy of needs model organizes motivations from basic physiological needs to self-actualization. Motivations can be intrinsic, originating from within the individual, or extrinsic, originating from outside rewards

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The document discusses human needs and motivation, classifying needs into biological (essential for survival) and psychosocial (linked to social environment), and exploring how these needs drive behavior through different types of motives. It outlines various motivational theories, including instinct, drive, and arousal theories, while distinguishing between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Additionally, it addresses the nature of motivation, frustration, and responses to blocked goals, highlighting the complexities of behavior driven by internal and external factors.

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Motivation is defined as the inner drive that directs behavior toward goals. There are two main types of motivation - intrinsic motivation which involves engaging in an activity for its own sake rather than external rewards, and extrinsic motivation which involves behavior driven by external rewards. Motivation involves four steps - a motive or need, behavior to fulfill that need, achieving a goal which satisfies the need, and feedback. Key theories of motivation include Maslow's hierarchy of needs which arranges needs from basic physiological needs to self-actualization, and incentive theory which proposes that people are motivated by rewards.

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Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory of motivation that proposes humans have five categories of needs that motivate behavior: physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. These needs are arranged in a hierarchy, where lower level needs must be satisfied before higher level needs can motivate. Physiological needs are basic survival requirements like food and water. Safety needs include security and stability. Love and belongingness needs involve relationships and social connections. Esteem needs encompass self-respect and respect from others. Self-actualization refers to achieving one's full potential. Abraham Maslow proposed this theory to explain that human motivation is based on fulfilling successive universal human needs.

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This document discusses motivation and its key concepts. It defines motivation as something that prompts and energizes individuals to act for a specific goal. Motivation arises from basic needs and drives us to reduce arousal and satisfy those needs. There are intrinsic and extrinsic types of motivation. Motivation follows a cycle from need to drive to behavior to satisfaction. Learning is influenced by motivation which can be intrinsic like interest or extrinsic like rewards. Common theories that explain motivation are need/drive reduction, instincts, social factors, goals, reinforcement, and self-actualization. Primary motives are biological needs while secondary motives are socio-psychological. Motivation has implications for understanding learning and modifying behaviors.

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The document discusses the concept of motivation, tracing its origins and defining it as a force that initiates and directs behavior towards goals. It categorizes motives into primary (physiological needs) and secondary (social influences), along with identifying various types of motives such as achievement, affiliation, and power. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of understanding motivation in nursing to enhance patient care and improve human relationships.

MotivationSakuntalaGiri1

The document discusses different theories of motivation. It describes motivation as a driving force that initiates and directs behaviors. It discusses needs and drives according to different theorists, including biological needs, psychosocial needs, and incentives. It also summarizes various motivation theories such as instinct theory, drive theory, arousal theory, incentive theory, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The document provides an overview of the key concepts in understanding motivation and the factors that influence behaviors.

motivation. psychology..................mukta35

La motivación en psicología se refiere a las razones detrás de las acciones humanas, que pueden entenderse a través de necesidades y conductas. Estas necesidades se dividen en biológicas, esenciales para la supervivencia, y psicosociales, que surgen de la interacción social. Existen diversas teorías de motivación, como la teoría del impulso, la teoría de la excitación y la teoría del incentivo, que explican cómo las personas son impulsadas a actuar por necesidades y recompensas.

MOTIVATION- Psychology.pptxDrSumanthKR

This document provides an overview of motivation for physiotherapy and nursing students. It defines motivation as the internal drive that causes organisms to strive toward goals, often in response to external stimuli. The document outlines the motivation cycle of a drive or need leading to behavior and goal achievement. It classifies motives as primary/biological, learned, positive or negative. Theories of motivation discussed include instinct theory, drive reduction theory, expectancy theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and McClelland's achievement motivation theory. Key points about each theory are summarized. The document aims to explain different aspects of motivation to students.

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The document discusses motivation as a fundamental psychological process essential for understanding organizational behavior, emphasizing its complexity beyond just motivating factors. It presents the need-drive-incentive cycle, defining how needs generate drives that strive to achieve incentives, and also distinguishes between primary and secondary motives, as well as intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Key applications of motivation in the workplace, such as job design and goal setting, are also explored alongside contemporary theories on motivation.

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The document discusses motivation and its key aspects. It defines motivation as states that drive behavior towards goals, with three components: the driving state, aroused behavior, and the goal. Motivation can be extrinsic or intrinsic. Key theories on motivation are also summarized, including behavioral views focusing on conditioning, Freud's instinct theory, Adler's social motivation theory, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Different types of motives, drives, needs, and methods to measure motivation are also outlined.

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The document discusses various topics related to motivation. It begins by defining motivation and its importance. It then discusses components of motivation including activation, persistence and intensity. It describes the two main categories of motivation as intrinsic and extrinsic. It also discusses types of motivation such as positive and negative motivation. The document finally explores several perspectives on motivation including instinct theory, drive-reduction theory, incentive theory, arousal theory, cognitive approaches, two-factor theory and hierarchy of needs theory.

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Motivation refers to driving and pulling forces that result in persistent goal-directed behavior. Motives are inferred from behavior and help explain and predict behavior. There are various theories of motivation including instinct, drive reduction, arousal, incentive, cognitive, and humanistic theories. Physiological needs like hunger and thirst are deeply rooted biological motives driven by bodily needs and regulated by mechanisms like the hypothalamus. Psychological needs for achievement, affiliation, and power also motivate behavior and are influenced by both innate and learned factors.

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The document discusses the concept of motivation, defining it as the internal process that drives individuals towards achieving personal or organizational goals, and categorizes it into intrinsic and extrinsic types. It outlines the motivation cycle, explaining the phases from need to reward and emphasizes Maslow's hierarchy of needs as a framework for understanding human motivation. Additionally, it acknowledges the significance of psychological, social, and esteem needs in motivating individuals, particularly entrepreneurs.

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This document provides an overview of motivation and different theories of motivation. It defines motivation as referring to the movement or activity, or as one of the determinants of behavior. The motivational cycle involves a need creating a drive that leads to arousal and goal-directed behavior aimed at reducing arousal. Motivation types include psychological motives focusing on social/environmental factors and biological motives centered on innate biological causes. Early motivation theories included hedonism, instinct theories like McDougall's theory of instincts, and Hull's drive reduction theory involving biological drives creating tension. Later theories discussed include arousal theory, expectancy theory, goal setting theory, achievement motivation, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

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This document defines and describes different types of motivation. It discusses primary/basic motivation which satisfies basic biological needs like hunger, thirst, temperature regulation, sex, air and sleep. These are innate and help maintain homeostasis. It also examines secondary motivation which involves learned motives like achievement, aggression, curiosity and need for affiliation, power and approval. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are also defined. Primary motives arise from physiological needs while secondary are more complex and psychological.

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This document discusses several theories of motivation, including: 1. Maslow's hierarchy of needs which arranges human needs in a pyramid from basic physiological needs at the bottom to self-actualization needs at the top. 2. Drive theory which proposes that internal drives arising from biological needs create tension that motivates behavior aimed at reducing that tension. 3. Arousal theory which suggests people seek to maintain an optimal personal level of arousal and will engage in stimulating or relaxing activities accordingly. 4. Incentive theory which posits that external rewards and punishments motivate behavior rather than internal drives.

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The document discusses motivation, defining it as the internal and external forces that drive goal-oriented behaviors. It differentiates between primary (biogenic) motives, such as hunger and thirst that are essential for survival, and secondary (psychogenic) motives, like achievement and affiliation, which are learned through experiences. Additionally, it explores intrinsic and extrinsic motives, theoretical approaches to motivation including drive and incentive theories, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs which outlines a progression of needs for personal growth.

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? Radiation pollution is caused by passages and electromagnetic radiation emitted from natural and man-made sources. ? These may include neutrons, x-rays, ultraviolet radiation, microwaves and alpha passages. ? Radiation pollution also includes controlled disposal of radioactive wastes from nuclear reactors. ? Radiation pollution may have biological, ecological and socio-economic effects. ? The amount of injury caused by radiation from a radioactive isotope depends on its half-life, and on how quickly it is absorbed and how fast the body of the organism repairs the damage. ? Most studies of the harmful effects of radiation have been performed on single-celled organisms. ? Obviously, the situation is more complex in humans and other multi-cellular organisms, because a single cell damaged by radiation may indirectly affect other cells in the individual. ? The most sensitive regions of the human body appear to be those which have many actively dividing cells, such as the skin, gonads, intestine and tissues that grow blood cells (spleen, bone marrow, and lymph organs). ? Radiation is toxic because the emitted radiations form ions when they interact with biological molecules in cells and tissues. ? These ions can then form free radicals, which damage proteins, membranes and nucleic acids. ? Radioactive radiation can damage DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) by destroying individual bases including thymine, breaking single strands and double strands, cross-linking different DNA strands and cross-linking DNA and proteins. ? Damage to DNA can lead to cancers, birth defects, and even death.

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UNIT VI.pptx

1. UNIT VI Motivation

2. Motivation Cycle ? The term motivation refers to internal processes that serve to activate, guide, and maintain our behavior. ? The term motivation refers to factors that activate, direct, and sustain goal-directed behavior... Motives are the 'whys' of behavior—the needs or wants that drive behavior and explain what we do.

3. Cycle ? The cycle of motivation begins with a need, which causes a drive fed by the incentive of reaching the goal that fills the need. But that isn't a cycle; it's a path, a journey with a beginning, middle, and end. A cycle is never ending, like a circle. So why is motivation referred to as a cycle?

5. ? Need – It’s a product of physical and physiological deprivation in the body. – Its what which is lack in our body or in life. – Desire of homeostatic condition. – If stimuli constant don’t feel need. – Type:- A. physiological:-basic physical need. example:-hanger, oxygen – B. psychological:-individual happiness & wellbeing example:-love, power

6. ? Drive – Internal motivation state created by the need. – Motion to fulfill the desire of the motivated behavior. – Internal tension state, stay till the satisfaction of it. – Can produce more than one responses. – Example :- hunger drive.

7. ? Incentive – It motivates or encourage someone to do something. – Next ,appropriate object and situation towards goal in cycle. – Eases need and reduces drive. – Incentive can be positive and negative. – Example :-for hunger food is a incentive. – Making food is positive. – Chocolate is negative

8. ? Reward – State of achievement of the incentive – Feel of pleasure, satisfaction gives rewards to self – Restore homeostatic condition

9. Motives ? Primary Motives are unlearned and physiologically based. They are biological and basic. ? They are primary, but don't always enjoy priority over secondary motives. Sometimes. secondary motives are stronger than primary. ? Two criteria must be ? fulfilled in order for a motive to be included in primary classification; (1) it must be ? unlearned, and (2) it must be physiologically based. ? The most commonly recognized ? primary motives include hunger, thirst, sleep, avoidance of pain, sex, and maternal concern. ? Positivc motives are ? directly related to homeostatic deficiency of the cells.

10. ? General motives – The)' are neither included in primary nor in secondary motins. A motive must be unlearned but not included in physiologically based arc included in general motives like competence, curiosity, manipulation, activity and affection. ? Secondary motives – In advanced society, where people are comparatively getting enough of what they need for livelihood, secondary motives are base on motivating employees for higher performance. As a human society develops economically and becomes more complex, the primary and, to some extent, existing secondary drives give way to learn different secondary drives in motivating behavior. In corporate business world, secondary motives are very crucial. ? Achievement motive: ? Aggressive motive ? Power motive ? Acquisitive motive ? Curiosity motive ? Gregariousness

11. ? Abraham Maslow was the first psychologist to study needs that drive behavior. ? His hierarchy of needs is designed like a triangle with the greatest needs at the bottom taking up the most room in a person's life and the hardest to reach goals at the top. ? he process Maslow described showed that humans first and foremost are motivated to survive (food and water). After survival needs are met, they seek safety (shelter that can be protected).

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