Unity & coherence.pot
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The document provides an outline for a lesson on unity and coherence in essays. It discusses the importance of unity, including having one main idea and using supporting sentences that directly relate to the main idea. It also discusses coherence and how to achieve it, such as using repetition of key nouns, transition signals, consistent pronouns and nouns substitutes to connect ideas. The outline gives examples and exercises for students to practice these concepts.
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Unity & coherence.pot
- 1. FOREIGN LANGUAGE FACULTY WELCOME TO GROUP 3 Subject Writing 4 Members 1. L棚 Th畛 H畛ng Ng畛c (Leader) 2. Ph畉m Nguy畛t Nga 3. Nguy畛n Th畛 Th畛y Ti棚n 4. V滴 Th畛 Thu Trang
- 2. - General statements - Thesis statement Conclusion Body Paragraph 3 IntroductionBody Paragraph 1 Body Paragraph 2 Body Paragraph - Support main idea of thesis statement - Begin with Topic sentence Summary main points of the essay
- 4. CONTENT A. Unity I/ What is unity? II/ How to keep unity in an essay B. Coherence I/ What is coherence? II/ How to achieve coherence III/ Arrange ideas in logical order
- 5. A. Unity A. UNITY TOPIC/ MAIN IDEA I/ WHAT IS UNITY?
- 6. II/ HOW TO KEEP UNITY IN AN ESSAY A. Unity
- 7. People sometimes ask why they should buy a hand made Persian carpet when they can get a machine- made carpet that is just as attractive and costs less money. The answer is very simple. First, the materials used in a Persian carpet are gathered selected, and treated by hand, and only the finest material are used. Machine-made carpets, on the other hand, are made by inanimate devices that have no sense of quality and no ability to distinguish good material from poor ones. Second, each handmade Persian carpet is unique; no other carpet is exactly like it. They are is nothing unique, however, about a machine-made carpet. Hundreds and hundreds of identical carpets are produced by machines. Finally, the value of a Persian carpet increases with age, while a machine-made carpet is usually worthless after only a few years use. As a result, machine-made carpets often wind up in the trash, while Persian carpet may turn up in museums. In short, each handmade Persian carpet is a work of art, and for this reason Persian carpets are much more valuable than their machine-made imitation. Supporting ideas/ sentences Topic sentence A. Unity People sometimes ask why they should buy a hand made Persian carpet when they can get a machine- made carpet that is just as attractive and costs less money. The answer is very simple. First, the materials used in a Persian carpet are gathered selected, and treated by hand, and only the finest material are used. Machine-made carpets, on the other hand, are made by inanimate devices that have no sense of quality and no ability to distinguish good material from poor ones. Second, each handmade Persian carpet is unique; no other carpet is exactly like it. They are is nothing unique, however, about a machine-made carpet. Hundreds and hundreds of identical carpets are produced by machines. Finally, the value of a Persian carpet increases with age, while a machine-made carpet is usually worthless after only a few years use. As a result, machine-made carpets often wind up in the trash, while Persian carpet may turn up in museums. In short, each handmade Persian carpet is a work of art, and for this reason Persian carpets are much more valuable than their machine-made imitation. Conclusion -Topic Sentence -Supporting ideas or sentences - Conclusion
- 8. II/ HOW TO KEEP UNITY IN AN ESSAY A. Unity
- 9. Answer exercise 1: Paragraph 1 1. Topic sentence: Adventure travel is the hot trend in the tourism industry. 2. People of all ages are choosing educational study tours for their vacations. Paragraph 2: 1. Topic sentence: Daredevil sports are also becoming popular. 2. Soccer is also popular in the United States now, although football is still more popular. II/ HOW TO KEEP UNITY IN AN ESSAY A. Unity
- 10. A. UNITY One and only one main idea from beginning to end Every supporting sentence must directly explain or prove the main idea Only one advantage/ disadvantage in each paragraph II/ HOW TO ACHIEVE ESSAY
- 11. I/ What is coherence? COHERENCE = HOLD TOGETHER B. COHERENCE
- 13. B. COHERENCE People sometimes ask why they should buy a hand made Persian carpet when they can get a machine-made carpet that is just as attractive and costs less money. The answer is very simple. First, the materials used in a Persian carpet are gathered selected, and treated by hand, and only the finest material are used. Machine-made carpets, on the other hand, are made by inanimate devices that have no sense of quality and no ability to distinguish good material from poor ones. Second, each handmade Persian carpet is unique; no other carpet is exactly like it. They are is nothing unique, however, about a machine-made carpet. Hundreds and hundreds of identical carpets are produced by machines. Finally, the value of a Persian carpet increases with age, while a machine-made carpet is usually worthless after only a few years use. As a result, machine-made carpets often wind up in the trash, while Persian carpet may turn up in museums. In short, each handmade Persian carpet is a work of art, and for this reason Persian carpets are much more valuable than their machine- made imitation. People sometimes ask why they should buy a hand made Persian carpet when they can get a machine-made carpet that is just as attractive and costs less money. The answer is very simple. First, the materials used in a Persian carpet are gathered selected, and treated by hand, and only the finest material are used. Machine-made carpets, on the other hand, are made by inanimate devices that have no sense of quality and no ability to distinguish good material from poor ones. Second, each handmade Persian carpet is unique; no other carpet is exactly like it. They are is nothing unique, however, about a machine-made carpet. Hundreds and hundreds of identical carpets are produced by machines. Finally, the value of a Persian carpet increases with age, while a machine-made carpet is usually worthless after only a few years use. As a result, machine-made carpets often wind up in the trash, while Persian carpet may turn up in museums. In short, each handmade Persian carpet is a work of art, and for this reason Persian carpets are much more valuable than their machine- made imitation.
- 14. II/ HOW TO ACHIEVE COHERENCE Repetition of Key Nouns Transition Signals Consistent Pronouns Nouns Substitutes B. COHERENCE
- 15. 1. REPETITION OF KEY NOUNS EXERCISE ANSWER Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins, and ornamental purposes. Gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was made 25 centuries ago. Another important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to. industry and science. For many years, it has been use in hundreds of industrial applications, such as photography and dentistry. The most recent use of gold is in astronauts' suits. Astronauts wear gold- plated heat shields for protection when they go outside spaceships in space. In conclusion, gold is treasured not only for its beauty but also for its utility. Gold Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins, and ornamental purposes. Gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was made 25 centuries ago. Another important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to. industry and science. For many years, it has been use in hundreds of industrial applications, such as photography and dentistry. The most recent use of gold is in astronauts' suits. Astronauts wear gold- plated heat shields for protection when they go outside spaceships in space. In conclusion, gold is treasured not only for its beauty but also for its utility. Realize the key noun
- 16. 2. NOUNS SUBSTITUTES Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins, and ornamental purposes. Gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was made 25 centuries ago. Another important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to. industry and science. For many years, it has been use in hundreds of industrial applications, such as photography and dentistry. The most recent use of gold is in astronauts' suits. Astronauts wear gold-plated heat shields for protection when they go outside spaceships in space. In conclusion, gold is treasured not only for its beauty but also for its utility. B. COHERENCE
- 18. Chronology Comparison Contrast Additional information Example Cause and effect Concluding ideas before after next since first, second while when Likewise Compared to Similarly As..as and However On the other hand But Yet In spite of In contrast Although instead And Also In addition In fact Furthermore Moreover For example In general Generally For instance Specifically In particular Therefore So Thus As a result Since because In conclusion In summary Finally Therefore To conclude To summarize 3.TRANSITION SIGNALS B. COHERENCE
- 19. 3.TRANSITION SIGNALS Instead of focusing on a patients health problems, Chinese medicine tries to make the patients whole body well again. In particular/ Specifically, doctor of Chinese medicine believe that inside people, there are two types of energy. The first type of energy, call yin, is quiet and passive. The other type of energy, called yang, is active. When there is an imbalance too much yin, for example/ instance - a person becomes unhealthy. A doctor of Chinese medicine doesnt try to stop a persons cough by giving a cough medicine. Instead/ Rather, the doctor give a mixture of herbs that will restore balance in the patients body. Therefore/ Thus, when the body is in balance, the cough will stop naturally. ANSWER
- 20. 4. CONSISTENT PRONOUNS Olympic Athletes Olympic athletes must be strong both physically and mentally. First of all, if you hope to compete in an Olympic sport, you must be physically strong. Furthermore, aspiring Olympians must train rigorously for many years. For the most demanding sports, they train several hours a day, five or six days a week, for ten or more years. In addition to being physically strong, athletes must also be mentally tough. This means that you have to be totally dedicated to your sport, often giving up a normal school, family, and social life. Being mentally strong also means that he or she must be able to withstand the intense pressure of international competition with its accompanying media coverage. Finally, not everyone can win a medal, so Olympians must possess the inner strength to live with defeat. ANSWER you they
- 21. III/ LOGICAL ORDER ANSWER Paragraph 1: Chronological Order Paragraph 2: Comparison/Contrast B. COHERENCE
- 22. III/ LOGICAL ORDER Type of writing 1. Chronology (historical events, personal narratives, processes) 2. Description 3. Classification 4. Comparison/ Contrast 5. Cause/ Effect, Argument/ Persuasion Type of organization a. Order by position, size, and shape of things b. Organize in point-by-point or subject-by-subject (block style) c. Order by time or order of events/ steps d. Order from least important to most important e. Group ideas and explain them in a logical order
- 23. REVIEW 1 Every good paragraph has both unity and coherence. 2 3 You achieve coherence by: repeating key nouns. using consistent pronouns. using transition signals. arranging your ideas in some kind of logical order. You achieve unity by: discussing only one idea in a paragraph. always staying on the topic in your supporting sentences.
- 24. End of our presentation for your attention