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Universalization of Education

Objectives
Know the meaning of
1
Demonstrate the understanding of
challenges in Universalization of
education
2
Suggest remedies to ensure
universalization of Education
3
Discuss the factors of
universalization of education.
4
Analyze the challenges of
5

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1. Cent Percent Opportunity or Universal Access
Here, education
of children till the
age of 14
years,
refers to the
education from
class
I to class VIII
for the children
in the age group 6
to 14 years.
2. Cent Percent enrolment or Universal enrolment
3. Cent Percent Retention or
Universal Retention
4. Cent Percent Success or Universal Achievement

Causes
Universal
Access
lack of
resources
resource is
not properly
utilized
lack of
public
cooperation.
geographical
conditions
of our
country
growing
population

Causes
Universal
Enrolment
strict
implementation
of RTE
resources are
dull and
unattractive
Lack of
teachers
poverty
illiteracy and
backwardness

Causes
Universal
Retention
strict
implementation
of RTE
absence of
devotion and
honesty among
the teachers
emphasis on
bookish
knowledge
loose
administrative
system
Gender
equality issues

Causes
Universal
Achievement
burdensome
curriculum
Lack of
consciousness
of most of the
parents
Lack of
infrastructure
Lack of
devotion of
most of the
students
Defective
examination
and evaluation
system

The Kothari Commission (1964)
The Kothari Commission was an ad hoc commission formed by the Government of India under
the Chairmanship of Daulat Singh Kothari on 14 July 1964 and dissolved on 29 June 1966. He
was the chairman of the University Grants Commissions (UGC) when the Kothari Commission
was formed. The Commission consisted of twenty members who were experts in the education
domain and based out of the UK, USA, Japan, Sweden, and France.
Efforts and Acts
Central
All India Council for Elementary Education (ACIE 1957)
State
Primary Education Acts
MP PEA 1950
HP PEA 1953
Punjab PEA 1960

National Policy of Education (1986)
The main goal of NPE was to universalize elementary education through facilities such as
quality education, trained teachers, adequate teaching and learning materials. It also took steps
to remove inequality and discrimination based on social criteria.
Sarvarva Shiksha Abhiyan
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is a flagship program started by the government of India in 2001. It
was developed to achieve the Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE). The
provision of legal backing for SSA occurred when the Indian Constitution under Article 21
A, made free and compulsory education for the children in the age group of 6-14 a
fundamental right in.

Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)
Launched in 2009, RMSA is a centrally sponsored scheme aimed at
enhancing access to secondary education and improving its quality.
Mid-Day Meal Scheme
This program aims to provide free meals to children studying in
government and government-aided schools across the country. The
scheme not only helps in reducing the dropout rate but also improves
the nutrition status of children.
National Program of Nutritional Support to Primary Education
(NP-NSPE)
The scheme aims to provide nutritional support to primary school
children belonging to disadvantaged sections of the society.

Right to Education (RTE) Act
The RTE Act, passed in 2009, makes education a fundamental right for all children between
the ages of 6 and 14. The act also mandates the provision of free and compulsory education to
all
children in the country.
Digital India
The Digital India program aims to transform India into a digitally empowered society and
knowledge economy. Under this program, the government has launched various initiatives
aimed at leveraging technology for enhancing the quality of education and expanding access to
education.
The Government of India has taken several initiatives to achieve universalization of education
in the country. However, there is still a long way to go, especially in terms of ensuring quality

The National Educational Policy (2020) adopted several suggestions for school education
that, if adopted has got far-reaching implications one of which is restructuring the
composition of school education. At present in India Primary education level consists of
Grade I to V (corresponding age-group 6+ to 10+ years), Upper Primary level consists of
Grades VI to VIII (age-group 11+ to 13+ years), Secondary (Grades IX & X/14+ to 15+
years) and Higher Secondary Level of education (XI & XII/16+ to 17+ years).
NPE (2020) proposed (i) Foundational Stage of School Education (3 years of Pre-primary
education including Grades 1 and 2 with corresponding age-group 3 to 8 years) (ii)
Preparatory phase consisting of 3 years i.e. Grades 3, 4 and 5 (iii) Middle School Education
of 3 years
(Grades 6, 7 and 8) and (iv) Secondary Education phase of 4 years consisting Grades 9, 10, 11
and 12. The corresponding clientele age groups of these phases would be Phase I (3+ to 7+
years), Phase II (8+ to 10+years), Phase III (11+ to 13+ years), and Phase IV (14+ to 17+
years).
NEP (2020)

Remedies???
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