The document discusses the radiological anatomy of the upper limb, including the standard views used to image the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand in plain and contrast radiographs. It introduces radiological anatomy, the properties and discoverer of x-rays, and the standard anteroposterior, posteroanterior, oblique, and lateral views used to image the upper limb radiographically.
2. INTRODUCTION
• The study of anatomy using radiographic films is called radiological
anatomy.
• Radiographs are an essential element in clinical diagnosis
• X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen, a German
physicist, in 1895.
3. PROPERTIES OF X RAY
• Penetrating effect
• Photographic effect
• Flourescent effect
• Biological effect