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URBAN RENEWAL
• A continuous process of remodelling older parts of urban areas, including their central
business areas by means of rehabilitation and conservation as well as redevelopment.
• The displacement of an existing low-income population, creating space for more profitable
office, commercial and luxury residential development or the provision of transport facilities.

Importance / Need of Urban Renewal
• Urban Renewal is of growing importance because of: urban areas are becoming larger
and older, so more and more renewal of urban fabric has to take place.
• Constant expansion of urban areas into agricultural hinterland, while large quantities of
urban land and buildings are abandoned and left dilapidated.
• The emphasis is on those parts which have fallen below current standards of public
acceptability.
• These are commonly to be found in: the residential parts of the inner city, in the central
business district itself.
• Indicators for residential parts of inner cities are: inadequate housing, environmental
degradation, presence of non-conforming uses.
• Indicators for central business district are: traffic problems, dilapidated buildings
The reasons for the need of urban renewal can be broadly divided into three:
• Physical obsolescence – blight and deterioration
• Economic losses
• Social imbalances

Urban design renewal sustainability notes

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF URBAN RENEWAL

Tools / Policies/ Approaches
Slum Clearance: Demolition of dilapidated dwellings located in a slum (an area of
sub-standard, overcrowded housing occupied by the poor immigrants)
Redevelopment: The demolition of an existing building and its replacement by a
new building
Rehabilitation: The repair and improvement of existing structurally sound
property
Housing Improvement: Improvements of dwellings by provision of essential basic
amenities
Conservation: To retain intact or unchanged. Also meant as ‘Preservation
Environmental Improvements: Main emphasis is to improve environmental
conditions
Economic Renewal : Improvement of economic conditions of dwellers

Disadvantages:
Urban renewal has also been responsible for the destruction of
existing communities;
lead to social exclusion;
Replacement housing – particularly in the form of housing towers –
might be difficult to police, leading to an increase in crime, and such structures
might in themselves be dehumanizing.
Urban renewal is usually non-consultative.

Urban Renewal Plan: (Contents)
Conceived within the framework of a relevant Plan, the above plans are
prepared on a scale of 1:500 to 1:2,500 and include:
1. Location and other physical characteristics of the area;
2. Aims and objectives and schedule of area requirements as per provision of the relevant Plan;
3. Alternative concepts, their evaluation and selection of a preferred concept based upon aims
and objectives and stakeholders’ consultation (where applicable),
4. Preparation of plan based upon the preferred concept;
5. Planning (not engineering) details of infrastructure (water supply,
sewage, drainage, electricity, road network and arboriculture;
6. Implementation:
a. Phasing
b. Identification of projects / schemes by phase and implementing agencies including private,
cooperative and corporate sectors and priority.
c. Resource Mobilisation (land and fiscal);

REDEVELOPMENT
• Redevelopment is to improve an area that is in bad condition by destroying or improving
old buildings and building new ones.
• Variations on redevelopment include:
Urban infill on vacant parcels that have no existing activity but were previously
developed, such as the redevelopment of an industrial site into a mixed-use
development.
Constructing with a denser land usage, such as the redevelopment of a block of
townhouses into a large apartment building.
Adaptive reuse, where older structures are converted for improved current market
use, such as an industrial mill into housing lofts.
• Redevelopment projects can be small or large ranging from a single building to
entire new neighborhoods or "new town in town" projects.
• Redevelopment would mean the development of an area with prior usage, which might
be unused now.

REHABILITATION
• The repair and improvement of existing structurally sound property.
• Rehabilitation will extend the useful life of buildings to slow down the pace of urban
decay and offers speedy improvement to the living conditions of people in-situ.
• By the use of materials that are durable and easily maintained, and those which provide
longer defects liability warranty were adopted in Hong Kong during its urban renewal
process.
• rehabilitation can include all of the traditional elements of building alterations and
additions, as well as repairs, maintenance, and other improvements.
• Urban renewal by rehabilitation seeks to eliminate environmental and structural
deficiencies which, if not adequately and timely dealt with, will create within the area each
degree of blight that the only alternative is clearance and redevelopment.

• Generally, environmental deficiencies include
 poor land utilization,
 incompatible land uses,
 lack of adequate public facilities, and
 unsafe congested street patterns and
 traffic hazards.
• Rehabilitation prevent deterioration of the urban area along with the protection
of the public health, safety, and welfare.
Bilbao, Spain

CONSERVATION
• Architectural conservation describes the process through which the material, historical, and
design integrity of humanity's built heritage are prolonged through carefully planned
interventions.
• Architectural conservation is the process by which individuals or groups attempt to protect
valued buildings from unwanted change.
• Preservation/Conservation were used interchangeably to refer to the encouraged measures
that would protect and maintain buildings in their current state, or would prevent further
damage and deterioration to them.
NEED
Rapid urbanization threatening the sense of place and identity of communities.
Uncontrolled, poorly conceived and/or badly implemented urban development
Intensity and speed of changes, including global warming
Unsustainable consumption of resources.

BENEFITS
• Heritage conservation can improve standards of living, increase income-
earning opportunities, and generate wealth for the poor.
• Combining the conservation of heritage assets and improving infrastructure
services provides more liveable and dynamic environments that directly impact the
ability of poor communities to take advantage of the opportunities for a better life,
while at the same time supporting city competitiveness.

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Urban design renewal sustainability notes

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