Urbanization
Download as pptx, pdf2 likes354 views
The document discusses the urbanization of the United States in the 19th century due to industrialization and immigration. Most immigrants and rural Americans moved to cities, causing rapid population growth. This overwhelmed city services and infrastructure, creating problems around housing, transportation, water, sanitation, crime, and fire safety. Reformers and organizations like settlement houses worked to address these urban problems and help immigrant communities adjust to city life.
1 of 8
Download to read offline
Ad
Recommended
Leeds
LeedsMar鱈a Jos辿
油
The document discusses the industrialization and urbanization of Leeds, England. It describes how Leeds grew from a center for wool and grain production into a large, prosperous industrial city during the Industrial Revolution. This rapid growth had severe social and environmental implications, including a lack of planned housing development which led to overcrowded, unsanitary slums near factories. While industry and the economy have since diversified, Leeds remains a major economic center in the United Kingdom today.Young Workers Network: The Development of the Irish State
Young Workers Network: The Development of the Irish StateConor McCabe
油
The document discusses the development of the Irish state in relation to housing policy and ownership. It notes that in the 1920s and 1930s, the Irish government aimed to promote home ownership through building grants and rates remissions for owner-occupiers. In the 1950s and 1960s, there was a push for private home ownership as a way to combat communism and social unrest. The 1966 Housing Act allowed many public housing tenants to purchase their homes, resulting in over 200,000 public units being sold into private ownership by the early 1990s. The global financial crisis that began in 2008 saw overbuilding and overborrowing inflate asset values in an unsustainable way according to the CEO of NAMA in 2011.Mayor narkewicz municipal leaders and sustainability
Mayor narkewicz municipal leaders and sustainabilityGWT
油
Mayor David Narkewicz of Northampton, Massachusetts outlines the city's focus on sustainability across many areas. These include compact mixed-use development with affordable housing and transit access, complete streets and multi-use trails, climate action plans to reduce energy use, supporting the local economy and jobs, funding for arts and culture, ensuring equity and community involvement, public health initiatives, conserving natural areas, and using data-driven management. The city aims to continue expanding these efforts going forward.Chris murray
Chris murrayIndependent Networks Co-operative Association
油
The document discusses the challenges and opportunities faced by cities in the UK amidst economic restructuring and global shifts. It highlights the importance of sustainable urban development, with an emphasis on job creation, improved local leadership, and innovative funding strategies. The aim is to transform cities into hubs of economic vitality while addressing social cohesion and environmental sustainability.Impacts of industrialization
Impacts of industrializationTodd Whitten
油
Industrialization led to rapid population growth and urbanization in Europe. As cities grew, overcrowding and poor living conditions emerged. Thomas Malthus argued that unchecked population growth would outpace food production. Socialists like Fourier and Owen established early utopian communities to address these issues. Industrialization then spread beyond Europe to countries like Russia and Japan, where governments invested heavily in modernizing infrastructure and developing industries. This globalized the impacts of industrialization.Vilnius - The Capital of Lithuania
Vilnius - The Capital of LithuaniaVilniaus miesto savivaldyb / Vilnius City Municipality
油
Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, is a city with a population of approximately 656,700 and is located at the geographical center of Europe, known for its rich cultural heritage and beautiful parks. It boasts the fastest internet in the world, a vibrant arts scene, and historical significance, including its peaceful fight for independence in 1991. The city is also recognized for unique initiatives such as electric bike rentals and attention-grabbing civic actions by its mayor.Vilnius
VilniusMauro Battellini
油
Vilnius is the capital of Lithuania and has a population of over 650,000 people. It is located in southeastern Lithuania on the bank of the Neris River. Vilnius has a strong cultural heritage with many historic churches and is known as the "Jerusalem of Lithuania" due to its religious diversity. The city has a vibrant cultural scene today and hosts numerous festivals and events year-round. Vilnius has fast internet speeds and a developing startup culture, and its mayor is known for unconventional ideas to promote the city.The Inner City
The Inner Cityclemaitre
油
The document summarizes the characteristics and causes of decline in inner cities. It notes that inner cities experienced high population out migration, many abandoned buildings and shops, closing schools, high unemployment and crime. This decline was caused by deindustrialization which led to job losses, and the more affluent residents moving away in search of better homes and opportunities, leaving behind urban blight, derelict buildings and poor housing.Urbanization&Industrialization.pptx
Urbanization&Industrialization.pptxPapuKumarNaik1
油
The rapid growth of cities in the late 19th century led to many urban problems. As factories grew and immigrants arrived, the urban population in the United States swelled from 10 million to 54 million between 1870 and 1920. This mass migration to cities from rural areas and other countries created issues with housing shortages, inadequate transportation and infrastructure, and poor public health and sanitation standards due to overcrowding and lack of services. Cities struggled to provide sufficient housing, transportation, water, waste removal, healthcare, and prevent the spread of disease in the fast-growing urban areas.Lect 2 urbanization
Lect 2 urbanizationzara samreen
油
Urbanization in America increased dramatically between 1800 and 1900. In 1800, only 300,000 people lived in urban areas, but by 1900 that number had grown to 30 million. One driver of urban growth was increased agricultural productivity which freed up workers. Cities offered amenities like electricity, public transportation, and cultural institutions that rural areas lacked. However, rapid urbanization also increased problems like overcrowding, disease, pollution and crime.history of contemporary architecture - 18. The capitalist city, Megalopolis, ...
history of contemporary architecture - 18. The capitalist city, Megalopolis, ...Dania Abdel-aziz
油
The document discusses the development of cities during the Industrial Revolution and the rise of capitalism. Some key points:
- Urbanization rates increased dramatically in Western countries between the 1600s-1800s as millions migrated to cities. By the late 1800s, over half of England's population lived in cities.
- The growth of industrial cities led to poor living conditions for working classes, with overcrowding, lack of sanitation, and high disease rates. Wealthier classes established new residential districts on the edges of cities.
- As capitalism took hold, urban land became seen as a source of income. Central downtown areas focused on economic activity, and wealthy residents sought new neighborhoods on the outskirts.
-9920717.pptx
9920717.pptxssuserc1ed5e
油
This document provides information about urbanization in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It discusses the growth of large cities like Manchester, England and Chicago due to industrialization and rural-to-urban migration of workers. It also describes some of the problems that arose in cities like overcrowding, poor living conditions in tenement housing, lack of sanitation and infrastructure, and public health issues. The document outlines some technological innovations that helped modernize cities and address problems like skyscrapers, elevators, electric streetcars, and subways.Industrialization
Industrializationmgdean
油
The industrial revolution began in England in the late 1700s and early 1800s, driven by new inventions, abundant natural resources like coal and iron, and a growing population. The first factories were in the textile industry, using machines powered by water or steam to mass produce cloth. Industrialization spread to other parts of Europe and the United States in the early-to-mid 1800s, fueled by additional inventions, natural resources, and growing urban populations seeking work. While industrialization created wealth and raised living standards over time, the early years brought unhealthy living and working conditions, child labor, and tensions between social classes.Industrial revolution. in history in architecture
Industrial revolution. in history in architecturetanvivesanekar
油
The document discusses the Industrial Revolution, highlighting its origins in Britain and subsequent global expansion, which resulted in significant changes in manufacturing processes, transportation, and urbanization. It details the socio-economic impacts, including the proliferation of factory towns, increased worker migration, and the rise of public health as well as infrastructure challenges due to overcrowding. Additionally, it covers urban planning movements such as the City Beautiful movement and the Garden City movement, emphasizing the need for improved living conditions amidst the industrial backdrop.Sustainable Cities: Planning the Industrial City
Sustainable Cities: Planning the Industrial CityAnuradha Mukherji
油
The document summarizes the impacts of industrialization and urbanization in the 19th century, including overcrowded and unsanitary housing conditions in cities. It discusses the growth of large industrial cities and influxes of immigrants. Housing in New York City is used as a case study, with descriptions of cramped tenement housing and images showing their conditions. Reforms to address these problems are also outlined, such as the 1901 Tenement Housing Act in New York, municipal reforms, and parks/sanitation movements to improve public health through planning.Urban 5
Urban 5woernerc
油
The document discusses models of urban development in pre-industrial Europe. It describes how cities grew due to increased trade following the Muslim invasions and Crusades. By the 15th century, some major European cities like London and Paris had populations of 80,000-120,000 people. However, by the 17th century most European cities had become overcrowded, unsanitary, and plagued by disease and crime. The document also outlines Gideon Sjoberg's stages of urban development and describes characteristics of pre-industrial primate cities.The Market Revolution
The Market RevolutionKevin Aycock
油
The document summarizes key developments in American society in the early 19th century, including:
1) The growth of the market economy and industrialization starting with Eli Whitney's cotton gin and the establishment of textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts.
2) Advances in transportation including turnpikes, canals like the Erie Canal, steamboats, and the beginning of the railroad system.
3) Improvements in communication such as the telegraph that began connecting the country.
4) Increasing urbanization as the population became less rural and more concentrated in cities.Industrialization
Industrializationmgdean
油
The document discusses the beginnings and spread of the Industrial Revolution. It started in England in the late 1700s due to improvements in farming that led to population growth and a shift to cities. Inventions like the spinning jenny and steam power transformed industries like textiles. Railroads connected cities and boosted trade. Initially industrialization caused unhealthy urban living conditions and child labor issues, but it also created jobs and wealth over time.Urbanization ppt
Urbanization pptKaitlynn Helms
油
As workers flocked to cities at the turn of the century, middle and lower class housing became overcrowded. Tenement housing lacked basic amenities like heat, lighting, and plumbing. Disease spread easily due to poor sanitation, pollution from factories and railroads, and inadequate garbage collection. Political machines controlled many city governments and provided some social services to immigrants and poor residents in exchange for votes, but were also notoriously corrupt. Overcrowding led to the development of early skyscrapers to accommodate more residents and businesses in cities.Urban part 3
Urban part 3woernerc
油
Pre-industrial European cities grew due to increased trade between Europe and Asia/Middle East following the Muslim invasions and Crusades. Gideon Sjoberg identified stages of urban development including folk-preliterate, feudal, and pre-industrial societies producing cities. He also studied primate cities, which were dominated by religious and government buildings with wealth concentrated in the center and poor on the edges. John Borchert identified a 4-stage model of American metropolitan evolution from the sail-wagon epoch to the auto-air-amenity epoch, where new transportation technologies drove urban growth and change.History & Theory of Planning: Origins of Modern City Planning
History & Theory of Planning: Origins of Modern City PlanningAnuradha Mukherji
油
This document discusses the origins of modern city planning and 19th century reform movements. It describes the overcrowded and unsanitary conditions in cities due to industrialization and mass immigration. Housing, such as tenements in New York City, were extremely overcrowded and unsanitary. This led to public health crises and reform movements focused on sanitation, parks, and municipal governance. Figures like Frederick Law Olmsted designed new types of urban planning focused on parks and green spaces to address these issues.The Industrial Revolution - AS Level History
The Industrial Revolution - AS Level HistoryArm Punyathorn
油
The document details the historical context and transformations brought about by the Industrial Revolution from 1780 to 1917, emphasizing shifts in agricultural practices, population demographics, and economic systems. It highlights the advancements in technology, particularly the steam engine and railways, which facilitated urbanization and changes in labor dynamics, while also noting the social and political implications, including the rise of capitalism and socialism. Overall, the document illustrates how these developments fundamentally altered societal structures, economies, and the organization of labor across Europe.Industrial revolution impacts on human settlements
Industrial revolution impacts on human settlementsChaitanya Korra
油
The industrial revolution had significant impacts on human settlement patterns. It led to the growth of cities as factories became the center of economic activity and drew large numbers of workers. This rapid urbanization created overcrowded and unsanitary living conditions in many cities, especially in neighborhoods near factories. New workers' housing, schools, and other infrastructure struggled to keep up with the fast-growing urban populations. While public health and safety improved over time, many 19th century systems are now obsolete. The industrialization process also concentrated pollution and public health issues in urban areas.002. Evolution of cities PPT in a pdf.pdf
002. Evolution of cities PPT in a pdf.pdfSaloni342999
油
The document outlines the origins and evolution of cities, starting from agricultural settlements around 3500 BC, influenced by factors such as agricultural surplus and labor specialization. It discusses the impact of the Industrial Revolution on urbanization, leading to the rise of industrial cities and the emergence of new urbanism for more livable city designs. It also covers the development of megalopolises, edge cities, and the effects of urban planning on city dynamics and livability.The Market Revolution
The Market Revolutionreghistory
油
By the 1850s, the market revolution had transformed the United States into a highly productive industrial nation. Innovations in transportation like canals, railroads, and steamships expanded markets and allowed for widespread trade. As markets grew, manufacturing expanded and many workers left rural farms for urban factory jobs. While economic growth benefited entrepreneurs, workers often faced poor conditions, low pay, and discrimination. They began organizing unions to demand better treatment, though met resistance from employers and courts.LACC Urban Geography Lecture
LACC Urban Geography LectureNatasha Boyde
油
This document discusses the history of urban planning from ancient Rome to modern times, covering topics like the industrial revolution, urbanization, suburbanization, and new urbanism. It examines the factors that drove urban growth and changes in settlement patterns over time, as well as the social, economic, and environmental impacts of planning decisions. The rise and decline of cities in relation to transportation innovations and policies is a major theme throughout.Urbanization
UrbanizationJenny Hulbert
油
As more immigrants arrived in American cities in the late 19th century, urban populations skyrocketed. This posed major challenges for city governments, including providing adequate housing, transportation, water, sanitation, crime prevention, and fire protection for the growing numbers of residents. Common problems included overcrowded tenement housing, lack of indoor plumbing and safe drinking water, piles of horse manure in the streets, increased crime rates, and destructive fires due to buildings being close together and made of wood. By the early 20th century, most large cities had begun establishing police forces and paid fire departments to help address some of these urgent urban issues.Urbanization
UrbanizationJenny Hulbert
油
As more immigrants arrived in American cities in the late 19th century, urban populations skyrocketed. This posed major challenges for city governments, including providing adequate housing, transportation, water, sanitation, crime prevention, and fire protection for the growing populations. Common problems included overcrowded tenement housing, lack of indoor plumbing and clean water, piles of horse manure in the streets, increased crime rates, and destructive fires due to buildings being close together and made of wood. Cities struggled to establish effective police, fire, and sanitation services to address the problems that arose from rapid urban growth and industrialization.(13) crisis and resurgence (1969 2000)
(13) crisis and resurgence (1969 2000)reghistory
油
Richard Nixon expanded presidential power during his presidency, reaching the peak of the "imperial presidency". However, the Watergate scandal uncovered Nixon's involvement in a cover-up, leading to his resignation. Gerald Ford succeeded Nixon but struggled with a weak economy including stagflation and rising gas prices due to OPEC embargoes. Jimmy Carter was elected in 1976 but also faced economic woes. He brokered the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel but struggled to gain the release of American hostages in Iran, hurting his re-election bid.(11) the sixties
(11) the sixtiesreghistory
油
The document provides information on key events during the Kennedy and Johnson presidencies from 1960-1969. It discusses JFK's New Frontier domestic agenda and role in escalating the Space Race. It also summarizes JFK's foreign policy challenges, including the failed Bay of Pigs invasion and Cuban Missile Crisis. The document outlines LBJ's Great Society programs and escalation of US involvement in the Vietnam War. It notes the social movements of this era, including the women's liberation movement and civil rights struggles.More Related Content
Similar to Urbanization (20)
Urbanization&Industrialization.pptx
Urbanization&Industrialization.pptxPapuKumarNaik1
油
The rapid growth of cities in the late 19th century led to many urban problems. As factories grew and immigrants arrived, the urban population in the United States swelled from 10 million to 54 million between 1870 and 1920. This mass migration to cities from rural areas and other countries created issues with housing shortages, inadequate transportation and infrastructure, and poor public health and sanitation standards due to overcrowding and lack of services. Cities struggled to provide sufficient housing, transportation, water, waste removal, healthcare, and prevent the spread of disease in the fast-growing urban areas.Lect 2 urbanization
Lect 2 urbanizationzara samreen
油
Urbanization in America increased dramatically between 1800 and 1900. In 1800, only 300,000 people lived in urban areas, but by 1900 that number had grown to 30 million. One driver of urban growth was increased agricultural productivity which freed up workers. Cities offered amenities like electricity, public transportation, and cultural institutions that rural areas lacked. However, rapid urbanization also increased problems like overcrowding, disease, pollution and crime.history of contemporary architecture - 18. The capitalist city, Megalopolis, ...
history of contemporary architecture - 18. The capitalist city, Megalopolis, ...Dania Abdel-aziz
油
The document discusses the development of cities during the Industrial Revolution and the rise of capitalism. Some key points:
- Urbanization rates increased dramatically in Western countries between the 1600s-1800s as millions migrated to cities. By the late 1800s, over half of England's population lived in cities.
- The growth of industrial cities led to poor living conditions for working classes, with overcrowding, lack of sanitation, and high disease rates. Wealthier classes established new residential districts on the edges of cities.
- As capitalism took hold, urban land became seen as a source of income. Central downtown areas focused on economic activity, and wealthy residents sought new neighborhoods on the outskirts.
-9920717.pptx
9920717.pptxssuserc1ed5e
油
This document provides information about urbanization in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It discusses the growth of large cities like Manchester, England and Chicago due to industrialization and rural-to-urban migration of workers. It also describes some of the problems that arose in cities like overcrowding, poor living conditions in tenement housing, lack of sanitation and infrastructure, and public health issues. The document outlines some technological innovations that helped modernize cities and address problems like skyscrapers, elevators, electric streetcars, and subways.Industrialization
Industrializationmgdean
油
The industrial revolution began in England in the late 1700s and early 1800s, driven by new inventions, abundant natural resources like coal and iron, and a growing population. The first factories were in the textile industry, using machines powered by water or steam to mass produce cloth. Industrialization spread to other parts of Europe and the United States in the early-to-mid 1800s, fueled by additional inventions, natural resources, and growing urban populations seeking work. While industrialization created wealth and raised living standards over time, the early years brought unhealthy living and working conditions, child labor, and tensions between social classes.Industrial revolution. in history in architecture
Industrial revolution. in history in architecturetanvivesanekar
油
The document discusses the Industrial Revolution, highlighting its origins in Britain and subsequent global expansion, which resulted in significant changes in manufacturing processes, transportation, and urbanization. It details the socio-economic impacts, including the proliferation of factory towns, increased worker migration, and the rise of public health as well as infrastructure challenges due to overcrowding. Additionally, it covers urban planning movements such as the City Beautiful movement and the Garden City movement, emphasizing the need for improved living conditions amidst the industrial backdrop.Sustainable Cities: Planning the Industrial City
Sustainable Cities: Planning the Industrial CityAnuradha Mukherji
油
The document summarizes the impacts of industrialization and urbanization in the 19th century, including overcrowded and unsanitary housing conditions in cities. It discusses the growth of large industrial cities and influxes of immigrants. Housing in New York City is used as a case study, with descriptions of cramped tenement housing and images showing their conditions. Reforms to address these problems are also outlined, such as the 1901 Tenement Housing Act in New York, municipal reforms, and parks/sanitation movements to improve public health through planning.Urban 5
Urban 5woernerc
油
The document discusses models of urban development in pre-industrial Europe. It describes how cities grew due to increased trade following the Muslim invasions and Crusades. By the 15th century, some major European cities like London and Paris had populations of 80,000-120,000 people. However, by the 17th century most European cities had become overcrowded, unsanitary, and plagued by disease and crime. The document also outlines Gideon Sjoberg's stages of urban development and describes characteristics of pre-industrial primate cities.The Market Revolution
The Market RevolutionKevin Aycock
油
The document summarizes key developments in American society in the early 19th century, including:
1) The growth of the market economy and industrialization starting with Eli Whitney's cotton gin and the establishment of textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts.
2) Advances in transportation including turnpikes, canals like the Erie Canal, steamboats, and the beginning of the railroad system.
3) Improvements in communication such as the telegraph that began connecting the country.
4) Increasing urbanization as the population became less rural and more concentrated in cities.Industrialization
Industrializationmgdean
油
The document discusses the beginnings and spread of the Industrial Revolution. It started in England in the late 1700s due to improvements in farming that led to population growth and a shift to cities. Inventions like the spinning jenny and steam power transformed industries like textiles. Railroads connected cities and boosted trade. Initially industrialization caused unhealthy urban living conditions and child labor issues, but it also created jobs and wealth over time.Urbanization ppt
Urbanization pptKaitlynn Helms
油
As workers flocked to cities at the turn of the century, middle and lower class housing became overcrowded. Tenement housing lacked basic amenities like heat, lighting, and plumbing. Disease spread easily due to poor sanitation, pollution from factories and railroads, and inadequate garbage collection. Political machines controlled many city governments and provided some social services to immigrants and poor residents in exchange for votes, but were also notoriously corrupt. Overcrowding led to the development of early skyscrapers to accommodate more residents and businesses in cities.Urban part 3
Urban part 3woernerc
油
Pre-industrial European cities grew due to increased trade between Europe and Asia/Middle East following the Muslim invasions and Crusades. Gideon Sjoberg identified stages of urban development including folk-preliterate, feudal, and pre-industrial societies producing cities. He also studied primate cities, which were dominated by religious and government buildings with wealth concentrated in the center and poor on the edges. John Borchert identified a 4-stage model of American metropolitan evolution from the sail-wagon epoch to the auto-air-amenity epoch, where new transportation technologies drove urban growth and change.History & Theory of Planning: Origins of Modern City Planning
History & Theory of Planning: Origins of Modern City PlanningAnuradha Mukherji
油
This document discusses the origins of modern city planning and 19th century reform movements. It describes the overcrowded and unsanitary conditions in cities due to industrialization and mass immigration. Housing, such as tenements in New York City, were extremely overcrowded and unsanitary. This led to public health crises and reform movements focused on sanitation, parks, and municipal governance. Figures like Frederick Law Olmsted designed new types of urban planning focused on parks and green spaces to address these issues.The Industrial Revolution - AS Level History
The Industrial Revolution - AS Level HistoryArm Punyathorn
油
The document details the historical context and transformations brought about by the Industrial Revolution from 1780 to 1917, emphasizing shifts in agricultural practices, population demographics, and economic systems. It highlights the advancements in technology, particularly the steam engine and railways, which facilitated urbanization and changes in labor dynamics, while also noting the social and political implications, including the rise of capitalism and socialism. Overall, the document illustrates how these developments fundamentally altered societal structures, economies, and the organization of labor across Europe.Industrial revolution impacts on human settlements
Industrial revolution impacts on human settlementsChaitanya Korra
油
The industrial revolution had significant impacts on human settlement patterns. It led to the growth of cities as factories became the center of economic activity and drew large numbers of workers. This rapid urbanization created overcrowded and unsanitary living conditions in many cities, especially in neighborhoods near factories. New workers' housing, schools, and other infrastructure struggled to keep up with the fast-growing urban populations. While public health and safety improved over time, many 19th century systems are now obsolete. The industrialization process also concentrated pollution and public health issues in urban areas.002. Evolution of cities PPT in a pdf.pdf
002. Evolution of cities PPT in a pdf.pdfSaloni342999
油
The document outlines the origins and evolution of cities, starting from agricultural settlements around 3500 BC, influenced by factors such as agricultural surplus and labor specialization. It discusses the impact of the Industrial Revolution on urbanization, leading to the rise of industrial cities and the emergence of new urbanism for more livable city designs. It also covers the development of megalopolises, edge cities, and the effects of urban planning on city dynamics and livability.The Market Revolution
The Market Revolutionreghistory
油
By the 1850s, the market revolution had transformed the United States into a highly productive industrial nation. Innovations in transportation like canals, railroads, and steamships expanded markets and allowed for widespread trade. As markets grew, manufacturing expanded and many workers left rural farms for urban factory jobs. While economic growth benefited entrepreneurs, workers often faced poor conditions, low pay, and discrimination. They began organizing unions to demand better treatment, though met resistance from employers and courts.LACC Urban Geography Lecture
LACC Urban Geography LectureNatasha Boyde
油
This document discusses the history of urban planning from ancient Rome to modern times, covering topics like the industrial revolution, urbanization, suburbanization, and new urbanism. It examines the factors that drove urban growth and changes in settlement patterns over time, as well as the social, economic, and environmental impacts of planning decisions. The rise and decline of cities in relation to transportation innovations and policies is a major theme throughout.Urbanization
UrbanizationJenny Hulbert
油
As more immigrants arrived in American cities in the late 19th century, urban populations skyrocketed. This posed major challenges for city governments, including providing adequate housing, transportation, water, sanitation, crime prevention, and fire protection for the growing numbers of residents. Common problems included overcrowded tenement housing, lack of indoor plumbing and safe drinking water, piles of horse manure in the streets, increased crime rates, and destructive fires due to buildings being close together and made of wood. By the early 20th century, most large cities had begun establishing police forces and paid fire departments to help address some of these urgent urban issues.Urbanization
UrbanizationJenny Hulbert
油
As more immigrants arrived in American cities in the late 19th century, urban populations skyrocketed. This posed major challenges for city governments, including providing adequate housing, transportation, water, sanitation, crime prevention, and fire protection for the growing populations. Common problems included overcrowded tenement housing, lack of indoor plumbing and clean water, piles of horse manure in the streets, increased crime rates, and destructive fires due to buildings being close together and made of wood. Cities struggled to establish effective police, fire, and sanitation services to address the problems that arose from rapid urban growth and industrialization.More from reghistory (20)
(13) crisis and resurgence (1969 2000)
(13) crisis and resurgence (1969 2000)reghistory
油
Richard Nixon expanded presidential power during his presidency, reaching the peak of the "imperial presidency". However, the Watergate scandal uncovered Nixon's involvement in a cover-up, leading to his resignation. Gerald Ford succeeded Nixon but struggled with a weak economy including stagflation and rising gas prices due to OPEC embargoes. Jimmy Carter was elected in 1976 but also faced economic woes. He brokered the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel but struggled to gain the release of American hostages in Iran, hurting his re-election bid.(11) the sixties
(11) the sixtiesreghistory
油
The document provides information on key events during the Kennedy and Johnson presidencies from 1960-1969. It discusses JFK's New Frontier domestic agenda and role in escalating the Space Race. It also summarizes JFK's foreign policy challenges, including the failed Bay of Pigs invasion and Cuban Missile Crisis. The document outlines LBJ's Great Society programs and escalation of US involvement in the Vietnam War. It notes the social movements of this era, including the women's liberation movement and civil rights struggles.(12) the civil rights movement
(12) the civil rights movementreghistory
油
The document summarizes key events and developments in the Civil Rights movement in the United States, including important Supreme Court cases (Plessy v Ferguson, Brown v Board of Education), civil rights legislation (Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965), and influential figures and events (Jackie Robinson breaking the color barrier in baseball, Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by MLK, MLK's "I Have a Dream" speech). Key amendments to the Constitution and executive orders aimed to abolish slavery and provide equal protection under the law.(10) the cold war
(10) the cold warreghistory
油
The document provides an overview of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union. It describes how the two former allies became rivals after World War II due to their opposing ideological systems of democracy and communism. This rivalry led to a war of words, threats, and proxy conflicts in other parts of the world as each side tried to prevent the other from gaining more influence, known as the Cold War.(5) america builds an empire
(5) america builds an empirereghistory
油
Theodore Roosevelt believed in regulating big business as president from 1901-1909. He used the Sherman Antitrust Act to break up trusts he felt acted against the public interest, becoming known as the "Trust-busting President." The Spanish-American War marked the end of Spain's colonial empire and the beginning of the U.S. as a world power, giving it control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. This expanded American influence in both the Caribbean and Pacific. The U.S. sought to maintain economic and strategic interests in the newly acquired territories and in East Asia through policies like the Open Door Policy and building the Panama Canal.(9) world war ii
(9) world war iireghistory
油
The document provides background information on several key events leading up to and during World War II. It discusses the rise of dictators like Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin in the 1930s. It also outlines America's initial isolationist policies after WWI and its gradual movement towards supporting the Allies through measures like Lend-Lease and sanctions against Japan. The document summarizes major military campaigns in both the European and Pacific theaters, including D-Day, the Battle of the Bulge, and the island hopping strategy against Japan. It also addresses the Holocaust and internment of Japanese Americans during the war.(4) the progressive era
(4) the progressive erareghistory
油
The Progressive Era saw reform attempts to address problems caused by industrialization in the late 1800s/early 1900s. Progressive reformers and presidents Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson introduced reforms at the national level. During this time, muckraking journalists also investigated social problems and corruption, bringing issues to public attention. The Populist and Progressive movements both pushed for reforms to business and government practices.(8) great depression and the new deal
(8) great depression and the new dealreghistory
油
The document provides information about the causes and effects of the Great Depression in the United States from 1929-1940. It discusses several causes, including overproduction, speculation in the stock market, buying stocks on margin, shaky banking practices, and tariffs on international trade. It describes the stock market crash of 1929 and its effects, including bank failures, businesses closing, unemployment rising, and people losing their homes and farms. Other effects discussed are the Dust Bowl, Mexican Repatriation, and President Hoover's unsuccessful efforts to address the Depression before Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected and established New Deal programs to provide relief, recovery, and reform.(6) world war i
(6) world war ireghistory
油
The document summarizes the key causes of World War 1: nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and the alliance system. It also discusses the initial neutrality of the US before its entry into the war in 1917 due to events like the sinking of the Lusitania passenger ship and the Zimmerman Telegram. After joining the Allies, the US mobilized its economy and military under President Wilson. Though Wilson advocated for post-war peace through the League of Nations, the US ultimately adopted a policy of isolationism and rejected the Treaty of Versailles.(3) society in transition
(3) society in transitionreghistory
油
The rapid growth of cities in the late 19th century was caused by several factors: improved farm equipment increased agricultural productivity and reduced the need for farm labor, pushing people to migrate to cities for work; large numbers of immigrants provided a steady supply of urban industrial labor; and after the Civil War, many former slaves migrated north seeking work in cities to escape discrimination in the South. These factors led to overcrowding and other urban problems as cities struggled to accommodate the large influx of new residents.(7) the roaring twenties
(7) the roaring twentiesreghistory
油
The document provides an overview of several key events and trends in the United States during the 1920s. It describes the post-World War I recession, Red Scare, Palmer Raids, and Sacco and Vanzetti trial. It then summarizes the presidencies of Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover, their support of business and laissez-faire policies. Major factors in 1920s prosperity included the rise of the automobile industry, new mass production technologies, and the age of mass consumption fueled by advertising and consumer credit. However, prosperity was uneven and some groups like farmers and workers faced difficulties. The Temperance movement also led to Prohibition in 1919.(1) background to american history
(1) background to american historyreghistory
油
The document provides background information on the causes of the American Revolution. It discusses how the British placed taxes on the colonists to help repay war debts without representation. This led the colonists to protest with slogans like "No Taxation Without Representation". By 1775, tensions escalated and the first battles of the revolution occurred at Lexington and Concord. The document then provides brief summaries of George Washington's role as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, leaders of the revolution like John Trumbull Jr. and John Peter Muhlenberg, influences on the Declaration of Independence like John Locke's ideas of natural rights, and key aspects of the Declaration and signers.(2) industrialization and the gilded age
(2) industrialization and the gilded agereghistory
油
After the Civil War, industrialization in America accelerated due to new inventions and processes like the Bessemer Process for steel production. Entrepreneurs like Rockefeller and Carnegie established large corporations and monopolies in industries like oil and steel. While this growth boosted the economy, workers often faced long hours, low pay, and dangerous conditions. They organized unions to demand better treatment, but faced opposition from owners and the government who favored business interests.Vietnam War
Vietnam Warreghistory
油
The Vietnam War began as an anti-colonial independence movement led by Ho Chi Minh against French rule. After World War 2, the French tried to reassert control over Vietnam but faced resistance from Ho Chi Minh's Viet Minh forces. The United States intervened on France's side and continued supporting South Vietnam after the 1954 Geneva Accords split the country in two. US involvement escalated throughout the 1960s, but the 1968 Tet Offensive was a turning point that turned US public opinion against the war. Although the US withdrew in 1973, the war continued between North and South Vietnam until the South surrendered in 1975.The Civil Rights Revolution
The Civil Rights Revolutionreghistory
油
The document summarizes key events and developments in the American civil rights movement from the 1950s through the 1960s. It describes the Montgomery Bus Boycott sparked by Rosa Parks' arrest in 1955, which raised Martin Luther King Jr. to prominence. It also discusses efforts to desegregate schools, sit-ins by student groups, Freedom Rides to challenge segregated public transit, and the pivotal 1963 Birmingham campaign. Major civil rights laws, like the 1964 Civil Rights Act and 1965 Voting Rights Act, were achieved through these nonviolent protests and activism.The 1960s The Charm and the Challenges
The 1960s The Charm and the Challengesreghistory
油
John F. Kennedy was elected president in 1960 and outlined a vision of a "New Frontier" that included establishing the Peace Corps, accelerating the space program, and proposing new programs for healthcare and education. Kennedy believed his most urgent task was redefining nuclear strategy and increased spending on conventional forces. His administration dealt with crises over Berlin and nuclear missiles in Cuba. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963. Lyndon B. Johnson continued Kennedy's agenda and launched his "Great Society" program to expand the federal government's role in education, healthcare, poverty, and urban development.Redefining Equality
Redefining Equalityreghistory
油
The document summarizes the shift in the Civil Rights Movement from nonviolence to Black Power in the mid-1960s, as advocated by Stokely Carmichael of SNCC. It also discusses the urban race riots of the 1960s, including in Watts, Chicago, Detroit, and Newark, which were responses to poverty, prejudice, and police mistreatment. The rise of Black Power and black pride movements like the Black Panthers aimed to achieve self-determination and political gains for African Americans. The federal government then took steps to confront racism through the Civil Rights Act of 1968 and policies of affirmative action.An Era of Social Change 1960s
An Era of Social Change 1960sreghistory
油
This document summarizes social movements and changes that occurred in the 1960s. It discusses the growth of Latino populations in the US and organizations formed to fight for Latino civil rights, such as United Farm Workers. It also discusses the Native American rights movement and organizations like the American Indian Movement that protested to demand treaty lands and rights. Additionally, it outlines the development of the Asian American and gay rights movements during this period. The women's rights movement is summarized, including the formation of NOW and legalization of abortion due to Roe v. Wade. It concludes by discussing the conservative response to these social changes through the rise of the New Right.1960s Counterculture Movement
1960s Counterculture Movementreghistory
油
The 1960s counterculture movement known as hippies valued freedom, nature, peace, and spirituality. They sought alternative ways of living, often living communally without possessions in parks and forests. Hippies distanced themselves from mainstream culture through colorful, flowing clothing and long hair. San Francisco became the birthplace of the movement in the Haight-Ashbury district, where psychedelic rock concerts and "be-ins" were held. Woodstock in 1969 drew over 250,000 hippies and became a profound religious experience for many through shared resources and illegal drug use.Segregation in the Post World War II Period
Segregation in the Post World War II Periodreghistory
油
The document summarizes segregation and racial discrimination faced by African Americans in the post-World War II period in the United States. It describes how segregation was practiced in schools, housing, marriage, workplaces, and politics through both de jure and de facto means. It also discusses early efforts to challenge segregation through organizations like CORE and NAACP, as well as important court cases that began dismantling Jim Crow laws in the 1930s-1940s. The landmark Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court case in 1954 overturned the separate but equal doctrine and outlawed racial segregation in public schools.Ad
Urbanization
- 1. Urbanization
- 2. Urbanization: The technological boom in the 19th century contributed to the growing industrial strength of the United States The result was rapid urbanization, or growth of cities, mostly in the regions of the Northeast and Midwest
- 3. Urbanization continued Most of the immigrants who streamed into the United States became city dwellers because cities were the cheapest and most convenient places to live By the late 1900s, most American citizens begin to move from the farm to the city
- 4. Urban Problems: As urban populations skyrocketed, city governments faced the problems of how to provide residents with needed services and safe living conditions Housing- Multifamily urban dwellings called tenements were usually overcrowded and unsanitary
- 5. Urban Problems continued Transportation- Innovations in mass transit, transportation systems designed to move large numbers of people along fixed routes, enabled workers to go to and from jobs more easily. The invention of the streetcar led to congestion and increased pollution in the cities. Cities struggled to repair existing mass transit systems and build new ones to keep up with the expanding population
- 6. Urban Problems continued Water- Cities faced the problem of supplying safe drinking water Sanitation- Horse manure, sewage, and factory pollution became a serious issue for the safety and health of citizens living in the city
- 7. Urban Problems continued Crime- As the populations of cities increased, stealing, murder, and organized crime plagued police and the safety of the cities Fire- Limitations on water supplies and the presence of wooden buildings in cities led to devastating fires that threatened the existence of the city
- 8. Reformers Mobilize: The Settlement House Movement assisted communities in cities, especially immigrants, by helping to solve urban problems Jane Adams would become one of the most influential members of this organization-settlement houses helped cultivate social responsibility