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Uric acid synthesis inhibitors, Allopurinol , b.pharm 5 th sem notes , Pharmacology,by lalith ramesh
- 1. Uric acid synthesis inhibitors ALLOPURINOL Presented By : Lalith kumar.R B.pharm,5-th sem
- 2. Definition : Uric acid synthesis inhibitors Uric acid synthesis inhibitors are medications that reduce the production of uric acid in the body by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase. 1. Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors: 1. ALLOPURINOL 2. FEBUXOSTAT Classification : 2. Uricosuric Agents: 1. PROBENECID 2. SULFINPYRAZONE
- 3. Allopurinol : Definition : Allopurinol is a medication that belongs to the class of xanthine oxidase inhibitors. It is primarily used to manage hyperuricemia associated with gout and certain types of kidney stones.
- 4. GOUT ( Inflammatory arthritis) Uric acid crystals
- 5. Mechanism of Action : • Allopurinol works by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which decreases the production of uric acid from purines. As a result, it lowers serum uric acid levels, reducing the risk of gout flares and related complications.
- 6. Pharmacokinetics : Absorption : Well absorbed from the GI tract. Distribution : Found in body tissues like liver and kidneys. Metabolism : Converted to oxypurinol in the liver. Excretion : Primarily via kidneys; dosage adjustment needed in renal impairment.
- 7. Dosage : Initial: 100 mg to 300 mg once daily. Maintenance: Adjust based on serum uric acid levels; max 800 mg/day. Renal Impairment: Dose adjustment required.
- 8. Drug-Drug Interactions : Azathioprine/Mercaptopurine: Increased toxicity risk. Warfarin: Potential increased anticoagulant effect. Thiazide Diuretics: Higher risk of hypersensitivity reaction
- 9. Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) : Skin Reactions: Rash (risk of severe conditions). GI Issues: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Hematological Effects: Rare bone marrow suppression. Allergic Reactions: Hypersensitivity.
- 10. Uses : Gout Management: Treatment and prevention of flares. Hyperuricemia: In chronic kidney disease. Tumor Lysis Syndrome: Prevention of hyperuricemia during chemotherapy.
- 11. Thank you