�ݺ�ߣ

Subhankar Kar
(RT Technologist)
subhankarkar021@gmail.com
1

CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Urinary System
3. Kidney
 Nephron
 Formation of Urine
4. Ureters
5. Urinary Bladder
6. Urethra
7. Diseases of Urinary System
8. Importance of Urinary System
2

INTRODUCTION
 Urinary system is the main excretory System. It is also
known as the Renal System or Urinary Tract.
 The urinary system acts as a purification plant, clean
blood and remove waste products from the body.
3

 Urinary system consist
of 2 kidneys,2 ureters,
urinary bladder and
urethra.
 After kidney filter the
blood, they return mostof
the water and other
soluter to the blood
stream.
 The remaining water
(urine), passes through
the ureters and is stored in
the urinary bladder.
URINARY SYSTEM
4

KIDNEY
Anatomical Position of Kidney:
 The kidneys lie on the posterior
abdominal wall, one on each side
of the vertebral column, behind
the peritoneum and below the
diaphragm.
 They extend from the level of
the 12th thoracic vertebra to the
3rd lumbar vertebra, receiving
some protection from the lower
rib cage.
6

KIDNEY
Structure of Kidney:
 Each kidney is enclosed in a renal
capsule, which is surrounded by
adipose tissue,
 Internally, the kidneys consist of a
renal cortex, renal medulla, renal
pyramids, renal columns, major
and minor calyces, and a renal
pelvis.
 Blood enters the kidney through
the renal artery and leaves through
the renalvein.
7

KIDNEY
i. Formation of urine – The kidney form urine, which passes though the
ureters to the bladder for storage period.
ii. Excretion – It excretes waste product, especially the nitrogenous and
sulfur containing end products of protein metabolism.
iii. Filtration – This take place through the semipermeable walls of the
glomerulus and glomerular capsule.
iv. Tubular secretion – Tubular secretion of hydrogen ions (H+ ) is
important in maintaining normal blood pH.
v. Electrolyte balance – Changes in concentration of electrolyte in the
body fluid may be due to changes in the body water or electrolyte level.
Functions of Kidney:
8

NEPHRON
 The nephron is the functional unit of kidney.
 Nephron consists of a tubule closed at one end, the other end
opening into a collecting tubule.
 The closed or blind end is indented to form the cup-shaped
glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule), which almost
completely encloses a network of tiny arterial capillaries, the
glomerulus.
 Continuing from the glomerular capsule, the remainder of the
nephron is about 3 cm long and is described in three parts:
 The proximal convoluted tubule
 The medullary loop (loop of Henle)
 The distal convoluted tubule, leading into a collecting duct.
9

i. It helps the body to get rid of the unwanted components.
ii. It regulates the level of metabolites and electrolytes.
iii. Nephron control the blood volume and blood pressure.
iv. It also helps in the maintenance of blood pH.
v. Nephron helps in maintain the salts, glucose, urea and
other minerals in our body.
FUNCTIONSOF NEPHRON
11

FORMATION OF URINE
 The kidneys form urine, which passes through the ureters to bladder
to for storage before excretion.
 Urine consist of 95% of water & 5% of solid substances.
 There are 3 processes involved in the formation of urine:
i. Filtration – water & solutes smaller than proteins are forced through the
capillary walls & pores of the glomerular capsule into the renal tubule.
ii. Reabsorption – water, glucose, amino acids & irons are transported out of
the filtrate into the cells and than enter the capillary bloods.
iii. Secretion – removes additional wastes from the blood and secreted by the
tubule cells into the filtrate.
12

URETERS
Anatomical Position of Ureters:
 The ureter is continuous with the
funnel-shaped renal pelvis.
 It lies posteriorly to the peritoneum,
close to the posterior abdominal
wall in the upper part and to the
pelvic wall in the lower part.
13

URETERS
Structure of Ureters:
 Each ureter is about 25-30 cm long
with a diameter of about 3 mm.
 The walls of the ureters consist of 3
layers of tissue:
 Outer fibrous tissue
 Middle layer consisting of
interlacing smooth muscle
fibers.
 And an inner layer of
mucosa.
14

URETERS
Functions of Ureters:
i. Ureters carry urine from kidney into urinary
bladder.
ii. Folds over ureters opening to stop urine from
going back up.
15

URINARY BLADDER
Anatomical Position of Urinary Bladder:
 Urinary bladder is a reservoir for urine. It
lies in the pelvic cavity and its size and
position vary, depending on the volume
of urine it contains.
 When urinary bladder is distended, it
rises into the abdominal cavity.
16

Structure of Urinary Bladder:
 It is pear shaped, but becomes
more oval as it fills with urine.
 It opens into the urethra at its neck.
 The bladder wall composed of 3
layers:
 Outer layer of connective tissue
 Middle layer consisting of
interlacing smooth muscle
fibers & elastic tissue.
 Inner mucosal layer.
URINARY BLADDER
17

Functions of Urinary Bladder:
 Urine, excreted from the kidneys, collects in
the bladder before disposal by urination.
 The urinary bladder usually can hold 300-350
ml of urine.
URINARY BLADDER
18

URETHRA
Anatomical Position of Urethra:
 The urethra is a canal extending
from the neck of the bladder to the
exterior, at the external urethral
orifice.
 It is longer in the male than in the
female.
19

URETHRA
Structure of Urethra:
 Male Urethra is associated with
urinary and reproductive
systems & has 3 main layers:
muscle layer, submucosa and
mucosa layer.
 Female urethra is
approximately 4cm long &
6mm diameter & its wall has
two main layers: outer muscle
layer & inner lining of mucosa.
20
(a) male

URETHRA
Functions of Urethra:
 In male, urethra helps in excretion of
urine.
 In female, urethra also carries urine
from the bladder to outside of the body.
21

DISEASES OF URINARYSYSTEM
 Urinary disorder is a condition
that effect kidney, ureters,
bladder, or urethra or that affect
their function.
 It includes cancers of urinary
tract, incontinence interstitial
cystitis, kidney stones, kidney
failure & urinary tract infection.
 It can be caused by cancer
condition affecting the structure
near the urinary tract, infection,
inflammation, injury, nervous
system disease, scarring and
urine crystallization.
22

IMPORTANCE OF URINARY SYSTEM
i. Remove toxic waste products from
the bloodstream.
ii. Excrete urine from our body.
iii. Regulate blood volume.
iv. Regulate electrolyte balance.
v. Regulate acid–base equilibrium.
23

�ݺ�ߣ

Urinary System | RT Subhankar

More Related Content

Urinary System | RT Subhankar