際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo

VERTEBRATES.pptx by Sarah Ashfaq botanist and mycologist

S
Sarah Ashfaq 51

Vertebrates originated during the Cambrian explosion around 518 million years ago and are defined as animals that have a vertebral column or backbone. There are five main groups of vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Fish are cold-blooded and live exclusively in water, while amphibians undergo metamorphosis and spend part of their life in water and part on land, and the other groups are warm-blooded and breathe air.

1 of 14
Download to read offline
Vertebrates Sarah Ashfaq
History Vertebrates originated during the Cambrian explosion, which saw a rise in organism diversity. The earliest known vertebrates belongs to the Chengjiang biota and lived about 518 million years ago.
Definition Vertebrates Vertebrates are animals with vertebral column, spine or backbone.
Examples Elephants Giraffes Leopards Dogs Cats Deer Wolves Whales Sharks Dolphins Snakes Goldfish Salmon Trout Manta Rays Frogs Toads Lizards Owls Eagles Flamingo Ostriches Humans
VERTEBRATES.pptx by Sarah Ashfaq botanist and mycologist
Figure: Fossilized skeleton (cast) of Diplodocus carnegii, showing an extreme example of the backbone that characterizes the vertebrates. Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrate
5 Groups of Vertebrates The five main groups of vertebrates are fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. There are actually more categories, since bony fish are separate from jawless fish (lampreys and hagfish), cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays), and lobe-fin fish (lungfish and coelacanths). Agnatha (Jawless Fish) Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish) Sarcopterygii (Lobe-Finned Fish) Osteichthyes (Bony Fish) Amphibia (Amphibians) Reptilia (Reptiles) Aves (Birds) Mammalia (Mammals)
Source:https://sciencenotes.org/5-groups-of-vertebrates-characteristics-and-examples/
Fish Fish are ectotherms (cold blooded). Their temperature depends on their environment. They have gills. Fish live in water get oxygen from gases dissolved in it. They have scales and fins. Some lay eggs, while others give birth to live young in the water. Examples: Cartilaginous fish, like a shark, and bony fish, like a tuna or perch.
Amphibians Amphibians are cold-blooded. They spend part of their life in the water, breathing with gills, and part of their life with lungs breathing air. Sometimes the adults still live in the water, while other species live on land. Amphibians undergo a metamorphosis from their aquatic larval form into the adult form with lungs. They have thin, moist skin that usually is smooth. They can breathe through their skin as well as their gills or lungs. Most amphibians lay jelly-like masses of eggs in water. Examples: Frogs, toads, newts, salamanders, and axolotls.
Reptiles Reptiles are cold-blooded. They have lungs and breathe air. Their young resemble small adults. There is no metamorphosis. Reptiles have dry, scaly or plated skin. Most reptiles lay leathery eggs, although some give birth to live young. Examples: Turtles, lizards, alligators, and snakes.
Birds Birds are homeothermic or warm-blooded. Their metabolism regulates body temperature so that it remains fairly constant. Birds have lungs and breathe air. While baby birds look a bit different from their parents, there is no metamorphosis. Birds have wings, beaks, and feathers. They lay hard-shelled eggs. Examples: Eagles, sparrows, ostriches, and chickens.
Mammals Mammals are warm-blooded. They have lungs. Mammals give birth to their young (with a few exceptions) and feed their young milk. Mammals have hair or fur. Examples: Cats, dogs, squirrels, foxes, whales, and humans.
References Berg, L. R.; Solomon, E. P.; Martin, D. W. (2004). Biology. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-534-49276-2. Crispens, Charles G. (1978) Vertebrates: Their Forms and Functions. Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd. ISBN: 978-0398037215. Dunn, C.W. (2008). Broad phylogenetic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life. Nature. 452 (7188): 745749. doi:10.1038/nature06614 Liem, K. F.; Walker, W. F. (2001). Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective. Harcourt College Publishers. ISBN 978-0-03-022369- 3. Nielsen, C. (July 2012). The authorship of higher chordate taxa. Zoologica Scripta. 41 (4): 435436. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00536.x

More Related Content

VERTEBRATES.pptx by Sarah Ashfaq botanist and mycologist

  • 2. History Vertebrates originated during the Cambrian explosion, which saw a rise in organism diversity. The earliest known vertebrates belongs to the Chengjiang biota and lived about 518 million years ago.
  • 3. Definition Vertebrates Vertebrates are animals with vertebral column, spine or backbone.
  • 4. Examples Elephants Giraffes Leopards Dogs Cats Deer Wolves Whales Sharks Dolphins Snakes Goldfish Salmon Trout Manta Rays Frogs Toads Lizards Owls Eagles Flamingo Ostriches Humans
  • 6. Figure: Fossilized skeleton (cast) of Diplodocus carnegii, showing an extreme example of the backbone that characterizes the vertebrates. Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrate
  • 7. 5 Groups of Vertebrates The five main groups of vertebrates are fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. There are actually more categories, since bony fish are separate from jawless fish (lampreys and hagfish), cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays), and lobe-fin fish (lungfish and coelacanths). Agnatha (Jawless Fish) Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish) Sarcopterygii (Lobe-Finned Fish) Osteichthyes (Bony Fish) Amphibia (Amphibians) Reptilia (Reptiles) Aves (Birds) Mammalia (Mammals)
  • 9. Fish Fish are ectotherms (cold blooded). Their temperature depends on their environment. They have gills. Fish live in water get oxygen from gases dissolved in it. They have scales and fins. Some lay eggs, while others give birth to live young in the water. Examples: Cartilaginous fish, like a shark, and bony fish, like a tuna or perch.
  • 10. Amphibians Amphibians are cold-blooded. They spend part of their life in the water, breathing with gills, and part of their life with lungs breathing air. Sometimes the adults still live in the water, while other species live on land. Amphibians undergo a metamorphosis from their aquatic larval form into the adult form with lungs. They have thin, moist skin that usually is smooth. They can breathe through their skin as well as their gills or lungs. Most amphibians lay jelly-like masses of eggs in water. Examples: Frogs, toads, newts, salamanders, and axolotls.
  • 11. Reptiles Reptiles are cold-blooded. They have lungs and breathe air. Their young resemble small adults. There is no metamorphosis. Reptiles have dry, scaly or plated skin. Most reptiles lay leathery eggs, although some give birth to live young. Examples: Turtles, lizards, alligators, and snakes.
  • 12. Birds Birds are homeothermic or warm-blooded. Their metabolism regulates body temperature so that it remains fairly constant. Birds have lungs and breathe air. While baby birds look a bit different from their parents, there is no metamorphosis. Birds have wings, beaks, and feathers. They lay hard-shelled eggs. Examples: Eagles, sparrows, ostriches, and chickens.
  • 13. Mammals Mammals are warm-blooded. They have lungs. Mammals give birth to their young (with a few exceptions) and feed their young milk. Mammals have hair or fur. Examples: Cats, dogs, squirrels, foxes, whales, and humans.
  • 14. References Berg, L. R.; Solomon, E. P.; Martin, D. W. (2004). Biology. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-534-49276-2. Crispens, Charles G. (1978) Vertebrates: Their Forms and Functions. Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd. ISBN: 978-0398037215. Dunn, C.W. (2008). Broad phylogenetic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life. Nature. 452 (7188): 745749. doi:10.1038/nature06614 Liem, K. F.; Walker, W. F. (2001). Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective. Harcourt College Publishers. ISBN 978-0-03-022369- 3. Nielsen, C. (July 2012). The authorship of higher chordate taxa. Zoologica Scripta. 41 (4): 435436. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00536.x