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26-28 September 2019, Bolgheri, Tuscany Prof. Attilio Scienza Viticultural Models, Blends, Grape Varieties, Complantation Guado al Melo’s CRISEO and JASSARTE World viticulture has been characterized by a great diversity in climate and terroirs. Through climatic cycles which characterized viticulture in the last 1,000 years, very original viticultural expression developed. The terminology for these is “viticultural model. Even if environmental conditions are the most important ones, cultural aspects nonetheless also had some weight in the selection of a certain “viticultural model”. The foundations of all these models are territory-based viticulture and grape-based viticulture. The basic criteria in deciding which vines must be grown in the same vineyard is climate. In the examples which will be illustrated in this presentation, a fundamental distinction has been made between continental climates and mediterranean climates: in the first case, temperatures can be limiting factors, whereas in the second case rain frequency can also influence the selection of either one vine only so that it can be best adapted to a temperate-cold climate or several vines which will allow a more varied compositional structure in sugar, acidity, color, aromas in order to produce complex wines that are more suitable for ageing. In Italy, viticultural models in the Northern regions are affected by both climate and cultural aspects and feature predominantly single-varietal wines (with the exception of Valpolicella), whereas in the centre of Italy, these models are plurivarietal. In the South of Italy and the islands, the tradition is characterized by the production of wines for blending to correct the weaker Northern wines: hence, the consequence of this tradition has been the choice of single-varietal cultivation in order to maximize alcohol and color contents. In the New World, the various viticultural regions used the name of the grape variety a lot in their communication and developed mostly single-varietal vineyards, choosing also a guiding vine for their viticulture. Why is complantation—a term used to define the composition of a vineyard with several vines that are often vinified together—is back in fashion? Because it represents an effective tool to mitigate the dramatic effects of climate change and to facilitate the production of wines that naturally have a great ageing potential and complex flavor and aromatic profiles without the necessity of using corrective enological techniques. Criseo and Jassarte, which are produced at Guado al Melo and are getting increasingly more attention from consumers, are an example of this viticultural model.Read less