Victorian History
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This document discusses several key aspects of Victorian society in the 19th century in the United Kingdom. It was divided into three periods: the Hungry Forties which saw social and economic problems, a period of optimism in the 1850s driven by industrial and agricultural growth, and increasing pessimism at the turn of the century. Victorian society was characterized by a code of respectability based on principles of hard work, morality, and outward conformity. There were stark divisions between the aristocracy, middle class, and poor, who faced difficult living conditions including overcrowded housing and workhouses.
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M.A. Sem - 2 | Presentation
Presentation Season - 2
Paper - 110A: History of English Literature From 1900 to 2000
Submitted Date: April 1, 2025
Paper Name: History of English Literature From 1900 to 2000
Topic: Shadows and Light: Exploring Expressionism in The Cabinet of Dr.油Caligari and Nosferatu: A Symphony of Horror
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Video Link: https://youtu.be/pWjHqo6clT4
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Victorian History
- 1. Victoria, Albert and their 9 children in 1857
- 2. The Victorian period 1830/1901 3 periods: 1. the hungry forties social and economic problems (slump in industry + bad crops) Chartist Movement= social reforms: Universal suffrage, vote by ballot, Annual Parliaments, Payment of the members of Parliament, Abolition of the property Qualification so the working class too could have representatives....... Too early= failure Trade Unions legalized in 1825 grew stronger and stronger Deckens/Gaskell denounce high rate mortality/exploitation of children-Nightingale 1849 the Communist manifesto of Marx and Engels
- 3. Second period Apix of Optimism Caused by Free trade = uncontrolled flow of economical transaction with foreign countries( middle class richer and richer) The flourishing of INDUSTRY and AGRICOLTURE 1851 the Crystal Palace =exhibition of modern industry and science but:.
- 4. It was an ARTIFICIAL OPTIMISM MAIN IDEA: respectability based on the Puritan code : Sunday Observance Bill_ established by custom : no entertainment on Sundays- hard work -Puritan sexual behaviour =Prudery female innocence ( in 1850 there were 8,000 prostitutes-separate beaches etc) veils on statues !!! Bad taste
- 5. 油
- 6. The British empire 1886 the largest extension :idea of excellence of British culture and institutions Jingoism E. people believed in their right / the empire had to absorb the excess of production Contradiction between the liberal ideas and the imperialistic ambition.
- 7. Respectability Respectability = mirror of the insecurity of the new powerful class based on external conformity/morality/hypocrisy E.g. THE FATHER( by di vi ne right) NO DIVORCE LARGE FAMILIES =symbol of success 1870 artificial methods- large families cost!!!!
- 8. 3 social Classes :aristocracy / middle class / the poor They had a separate justice A separate morality A different life Crusades of some philanthropic groups to have Acts passed in defence of the poor Overcrowded houses
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- 10. Hard work Hard work + sobriety +experience+ostentation from worldly pleasure = success If you were poor it was your fault ( theory of predestination) Work-houses Men work hard. Competition,courage, physical strength
- 11. Workhouses Unbearable life conditions for the servant-Keeping class A sort of prisons Not to make people desire to go there Connected with the Victorian Compromise
- 12. Pessimism at the turn of the century Bentham utilitarianism ( hard times) the greatest good for the greatest number of people Darwin the strong survived the weak perished Shopenhauer God, free will immortality of the soul= human illusions Comte replaced religion and metaphysics with sociological ethics Reaction at Victorian ideals