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Vim For Php

Liu Lizhi
Liu Lizhi

This document provides an overview of many Vim commands and features organized into sections like "Help", "Moving", "Search", "Replace", "Text Objects", "Visual Mode", "Undo", "Windows", "Completion", "Maps", "Options", and "Sessions". It highlights useful commands for navigation, editing, searching, replacing text, working with registers, windows/tabs, completion, custom mappings, options, and sessions. Example uses are provided throughout to demonstrate how to utilize various Vim commands and capabilities.

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VIM for (PHP) Programmers Andrei Zmievski Outspark, Inc php|works Atlanta September 14, 2007
help ~ learn how to get help effectively ~ :help is your friend ~ use CTRL-V before a CTRL sequence command ~ use i_ and v_ pre鍖xes to get help for CTRL sequences in Insert and Visual modes ~ use CTRL-] (jump to tag) and CTRL-T (go back) in help window
intro ~ how well do you know vims language? ~ what is the alphabet? ~ look at your keyboard ~ can you name what every key does? ~ modes - what are they? ~ how many do you know? ~ how many do you use?
intro if you dont like the language, change it example: how do you quit vim quickly? ZZ (exit with saving) ZQ (exit without save) or :nmap ,w :x<CR> :nmap ,q :q!<CR> tip: set showcmd to see partial commands as you type them
where am i? How do you tell where you are? ~ simple - CTRL-G ~ detailed - gCTRL-G ~ do yourself a favor and set ruler ~ shows line, column, and percentage in status line ~ or con鍖gure it however you want with rulerformat
moving ~ do you us h/j/k/l for moving? ~ or are you stuck in GUIarrowy world? ~ if you are, re-learn ~ save yourself countless miles of movement between home row and arrows
moving How do you move to: ~ start/end of buffer? gg and G ~ line n? nG or ngg ~ n% into the 鍖le? n% ~ the 鍖rst non-blank character in the line? ^ ~ 鍖rst non-blank character on next line? <CR> ~ 鍖rst non-blank character on previous line? -
marks ~ we can bookmark locations in the buffer ~ m<letter> sets mark named <letter> at current location ~ `<letter> jumps precisely to that mark ~ <letter> jumps to the line with the mark ~ lowercase letter: mark is local to the buffer ~ uppercase letter: mark is global, your buffer will be switched to the 鍖le with the mark ~ :marks shows you your current marks
marks ~ marks are very handy for changing text ~ set a mark (lets say ma) ~ then you can do: ~ c`a - change text from cursor to mark a ~ d`a - delete text from cursor to mark a ~ =a - reformat lines from current one to the one with mark a
marks ~ lets say you jump somewhere ~ how do you go back? ~ `` moves you between the last two locations ~ you can set ` (the context mark) explicitly: ~ m`, jump elsewhere, then come back with `` tip: CTRL-O and CTRL-I move between positions in the full jump history, but cant be used as motions . and `. - jump to the line or exact location of the last modi鍖cation
insert ~ gi - incredibly handy ~ goes to Insert mode where you left it last time ~ scenario: edit something, exit Insert, go look at something else, then gi back to restart editing
insert Some more goodies: ~ CTRL-Y and CTRL-E (avoid work if you can) ~ inserts chars from above or below the cursor ~ CTRL-A (oops, i want to do that again) ~ inserts previously inserted text ~ CTRL-R=<expr> (built-in calculator) ~ inserts anything vim can calculate ~ CTRL-T and CTRL-D (tab and de-tab) ~ inserts or deletes one shiftwidth of indent at the start of the line
delete set your <Backspace> free :set backspace=start,indent,eol lets you backspace past the start of edit, auto- indenting, and even start of the line
search Search within the line: ~ f/F<char> jumps to the 鍖rst <char> to the right/left and places cursor on it ~ t/T<char> jumps does the same, but stops one character short of it ~ df; - delete text from cursor to the 鍖rst ; to the right ~ cT$ - change text from cursor up to the 鍖rst $ to the left
search ~ often you want to 鍖nd other instances of word under the cursor ~ */# - 鍖nd next/previous instance of whole word ~ g*/g# - 鍖nd next/previous instance of partial word ~ or 鍖nd lines with a certain word: ~ [I and ]I - list lines with word under the cursor ~ more convenient to use a mapping to jump to a line: :map ,f [I:let nr = input(quot;Which one: quot;)<Bar>exe quot;normal quot; . nr .quot;[tquot;<CR>
search ~ of course, theres always regexp search ~ /<pattern> - search forward for <pattern> ~ ?<pattern> - search backward for <pattern> ~ n repeats the last search ~ N repeats it in the opposite direction ~ vim regexp language is too sophisticated to be covered here
search Control your search options ~ :set wrapscan - to make search wrap around ~ :set incsearch - incremental search, <Enter> accepts, <Esc> cancels ~ :set ignorecase - case-insensitive search, or use this within the pattern: ~ c - force case-insensitive search ~ C - force case-sensitive search
search ~ remember that every search/jump can be used as a motion argument ~ d/^# - delete everything up to the next comment ~ y/^class/;?function - copy everything from current point to the 鍖rst function before the 鍖rst class
replace ~ :[range]s/<pattern>/<replace>/{flags} is the substitute command ~ used mainly with range addresses ~ range addresses are very powerful (read the manual) ~ but who wants to count out lines and do something like :-23,ts/foo/bar/ ~ in reality you almost always use a couple of shortcuts and Visual mode for the rest
replace ~ useful range addresses: ~ % - equal to 1,$ (the entire 鍖le) ~ . - current line ~ /<pattern>/ or ?<pattern>? - line where <pattern> matches ~ :%s/foo/bar/ - replace 鍖rst foo in each matching line with bar in the entire 鍖le ~ :.,/</body>/s,<br>,<br/>,gc - 鍖x br tags from current line until the one with </body> in it, asking for con鍖rmation (c - cautious mode)
replace ~ & - repeat last substitution on current line ~ :&& - repeat it with the 鍖ags that were used ~ g& - repeat substitution globally, with 鍖ags
text objects ~ better know what they are ~ since they are fantastically handy ~ can be used after an operator or in Visual mode ~ come in inner and ambient 鍖avors ~ inner ones always select less text than ambient ones
text objects ~ aw, aW - ambient word or WORD (see docs) ~ iw, iW - inner word or WORD (see docs) ~ as, is - ambient or inner sentence ~ ap, ip - ambient or inner paragraph ~ a{, i{ - whole {..} block or text inside it ~ a(, i( - whole (..) block or just text inside it ~ a<, i< - whole <..> block or just text inside it
text objects ~ there are some cooler ones ~ a, i - single-quoted string or just the text inside ~ a, i - double-quoted string or just the text inside ~ note that these are smart about escaped quotes inside strings ~ at, it- whole tag block or just text inside (HTML and XML tags)
text objects examples: das - delete the sentence, including whitespace after ci( - change text inside (..) block yat - copy the entire closest tag block the cursor is inside gUi - uppercase text inside the single-quoted string vip - select the paragraph in Visual mode, without whitespace after
copy/delete/paste ~ you should already know these ~ y - yank (copy), d - delete, p - paste after, P - paste before ~ ]p, ]P - paste after/before but adjust the indent ~ Useful mappings to paste and reformat/reindent :nnoremap <Esc>P P'[v']= :nnoremap <Esc>p p'[v']=
registers ~ registers: your multi-purpose clipboard ~ you use them without even knowing ~ every y or d command copies to a register ~ unnamed or named ~ <char> before a copy/delete/paste speci鍖es register named <char>
registers ~ copying to uppercase registers append to their contents ~ useful for picking out bits from the buffers and pasting as a chunk ~ wyy - copy current line into register w ~ WD - cut the rest of the line and append it to the contents of register W ~ wp - paste the contents of register w ~ CTRL-Rw - insert the contents of register w (in Insert mode)
registers ~ you can record macros into registers ~ q<char> - start recording typed text into register <char> ~ next q stops recording ~ @<char> executes macro <char> ~ @@ repeats last executed macro ~ use :reg to see whats in your registers
undo ~ original vi had only one level of undo ~ yikes! ~ vim has unlimited (limited only by memory) ~ set undolevels to what you need (1000 default)
undo ~ simple case: u - undo, CTRL-R - redo ~ vim 7 introduces branched undo ~ if you undo something, and make a change, a new branch is created ~ g-, g+ - go to older/newer text state (through branches)
undo ~ you can travel through time ~ :earlier Ns,m,h - go to text state as it was N seconds, minutes, hours ago ~ :later Ns,m,h - go to a later text state similarly ~ :earlier 10m - go back 10 minutes, before I drank a can of Red Bull and made all these crazy changes. Whew.
visual mode ~ use it, it's much easier than remembering obscure range or motion commands ~ start selection with: ~ v - characterwise, ~ V - linewise ~ CTRL-V - blockwise ~ use any motion command to change selection ~ can execute any normal or : command on the selection
visual mode ~ Visual block mode is awesome ~ especially for table-like text tip: o switches cursor to the other corner, continue selection from there ~ Once you are in block mode: ~ I<text><Esc> - insert <text> before block on every line ~ A<text><Esc> - append <text> after block on every line ~ c<text><Esc> - change every line in block to <text> ~ r<char><Esc> - replace every character with <char>
abbreviations ~ Real-time string replacement ~ Expanded when a non-keyword character is typed ~ :ab tempalte template - 鍖x misspellings ~ more complicated expansion: ~ :iab techo <?php echo ?><Left><Left><Left>
windows ~ learn how to manipulate windows ~ learn how to move between them ~ :new, :sp should be at your 鍖ngertips ~ CTRL-W commands - learn essential ones for resizing and moving between windows
tab pages ~ vim 7 supports tab pages ~ :tabe <file> to edit 鍖le in a new tab ~ :tabc to close ~ :tabn, :tabp (or gt, gT to switch) ~ probably want to map these for easier navigation (if gt, gT are too dif鍖cult)
completion ~ vim is very completion friendly ~ just use <Tab> on command line ~ for 鍖lenames, set wildmenu and wildmode (I like quot;list:longest,fullquot;) ~ :new ~/dev/fo<Tab> - complete 鍖lename ~ :help comp<Tab> - complete option name ~ :re<Tab> - complete command ~ hit <Tab> again to cycle, CTRL-N for next match, CTRL-P for previous
completion ~ CTRL-X starts completion mode in Insert mode ~ follow with CTRL- combos (:help ins- completion) ~ i mostly use 鍖lename, identi鍖er, and omni completion ~ when there are multiple matches, a nice completion windows pops up
completion ~ CTRL-X CTRL-F to complete 鍖lenames ~ CTRL-X CTRL-N to complete identi鍖ers ~ hey, thats so useful Ill remap <Tab> Insert <Tab> or complete identifier if the cursor is after a keyword character function MyTabOrComplete() let col = col('.')-1 if !col || getline('.')[col-1] !~ 'k' return quot;<tab>quot; else return quot;<C-N>quot; endif endfunction inoremap <Tab> <C-R>=MyTabOrComplete()<CR>
completion ~ omni completion is heuristics-based ~ guesses what you want to complete ~ speci鍖c to the 鍖le type youre editing ~ more on it later
maps ~ maps for every mode and then some ~ tired of changing text inside quotes? :nmap X ciquot; ~ make vim more browser-like? :nmap <Space> <PageDown> ~ insert your email quickly? :imap ;EM me@mydomain.com ~ make <Backspace> act as <Delete> in Visual mode? :vmap <BS> x
options ~ vim has hundreds of options ~ learn to control the ones you need ~ :options lets you change options interactively ~ :options | resize is better (since there are so many)
sessions ~ a session keeps the views for all windows, plus the global settings ~ you can save a session and when you restore it later, the window layout looks the same. ~ :mksession <file> to write out session to a 鍖le ~ :source <file> to load session from a 鍖le ~ vim -S <file> to start editing a session
miscellaneous ~ gf - go to 鍖le under cursor (CTRL-W CTRL-F for new window) ~ :read in contents of 鍖le or process ~ :read foo.txt - read in foo.txt ~ :read !wc %:h - run wc on current 鍖le and insert result into the text ~ 鍖lter text: :%!sort, :%!grep, or use :! in visual mode ~ i like sorting lists like this: vip:!sort
miscellaneous ~ use command-line history ~ : and / followed by up/down arrows move through history ~ : and / followed by pre鍖x and arrows restrict history to that pre鍖x ~ q: and q/ for editable history (<Enter> executes, CTRL-C copies to command line)
miscellaneous ~ CTRL-A and CTRL-X to increment/decrement numbers under the cursor (hex and octal too) ~ ga - what is this character under my cursor? ~ :set number to turn line numbers on ~ or use this to toggle line numbers: :nmap <silent> <F6> set number!<CR> ~ :set autowrite - stop vim asking if you want to write the 鍖le before leaving buffer ~ CTRL-E/CTRL-Y - scroll window down/up without moving cursor
miscellaneous ~ :set scroloff=N to start scrolling when cursor is N lines from the top/bottom edge ~ :set updatecount=50 to write swap 鍖le to disk after 50 keystrokes ~ :set showmatch matchtime=3 - when bracket is inserted, brie鍖y jump to the matching one ~ in shell: fc invokes vim on last command, and runs it after vim exits (or fc N to edit command N in history) ~ vimdiff in shell (:help vimdiff)
customization ~ customize vim by placing 鍖les in you ~/.vim dir ~ filetype plugin on, filetype indent on .vimrc - global settings .vim/ after/ - files that are loaded at the very end ftplugin/ plugin/ syntax/ ... autoload/ - automatically loaded scripts colors/ - custom color schemes doc/ - plugin documentation ftdetect/ - filetype detection scripts ftplugin/ - filetype plugins indent/ - indent scripts plugin/ - plugins syntax/ - syntax scripts
php: linting ~ vim supports arbitrary build/lint commands ~ if we set 'makeprg' and 'errorformat' appropriately.. :set makeprg=php -l % :set errorformat=%m in %f on line %l ~ now we just type :make (and <Enter> a couple of times) ~ cursor jumps to line with syntax error
php: match pairs ~ you should be familiar with % command (moves cursor to matching item) ~ used with (), {}, [], etc ~ but can also be used to jump between PHP and HTML tags ~ use matchit.vim plugin ~ but syntax/php.vim has bugs and typos in the matching rule ~ i provide my own
php: block objects ~ similar to vim's built-in objects ~ aP - PHP block including tags ~ iP - text inside PHP block examples: ~ vaP - select current PHP block (with tags) ~ ciP - change text inside current PHP block ~ yaP - copy entire PHP block (with tags) ~ provided in my .vim/ftplugin/php.vim 鍖le
php: syntax options ~ vim comes with a very capable syntax plugin for PHP ~ provides a number of options ~ let php_sql_query=1 to highlight SQL syntax in strings ~ let php_htmlInStrings=1 to highlight HTML in string ~ let php_noShortTags = 1 to disable short tags ~ let php_folding = 1 to enable folding for classes and functions
php: folding ~ learn to control folding ~ zo - open fold (if the cursor is on the fold line) ~ zc - close closest fold ~ zR - open all folds ~ zM - close all folds ~ zj - move to the start of the next fold ~ zk - move to the end of the previous fold
php: tags ~ for vim purposes, tags are PHP identi鍖ers (classes, functions, constants) ~ you can quickly jump to the de鍖nition of each tag, if you have a tags 鍖le ~ install Exuberant Ctags ~ it can scan your scripts and output tags 鍖le, containing identi鍖er info ~ currently does not support class membership info (outputs methods as functions) ~ have to apply a third-party patch to 鍖x
php: tags ~ use mapping to re-build tags 鍖le after editing nmap <silent> <F4> :!ctags-ex -f ./tags --langmap=quot;php:+.incquot; -h quot;.php.incquot; -R --totals=yes --tag-relative=yes --PHP-kinds=+cf-v .<CR> set tags=./tags,tags ~ all PHP 鍖les in current directory and under it recursively will be scanned
php: tags ~ CTRL-] - jump to tag under cursor ~ CTRL-W CTRL-] - jump to tag in a new window ~ :tag <ident> - jump to an arbitrary tag ~ :tag /<regexp> - jump to or list tags matching <regexp> ~ if multiple matches - select one from a list ~ :tselect <ident> or /<regexp> - list tags instead of jumping ~ CTRL-T - return to where you were ~ See also taglist.vim plugin
php: completion ~ vim 7 introduces powerful heuristics-based omni completion ~ CTRL-X CTRL-O starts the completion (i map it to CTRL-F) ~ completes classes, variables, methods in a smart manner, based on context
php: completion ~ completes built-in functions too ~ function completion shows prototype preview ~ array_<CTRL-X><CTRL-O> shows list of array functions ~ select one from the list, and the prototype shows in a preview window ~ CTRL-W CTRL-Z to close preview window
php: completion ~ switches to HTML/CSS/Javascript completion outside PHP blocks ~ see more: ~ :help ins-completion ~ :help popupmenu-completion ~ :help popupmenu-keys
plugins ~ vim can be in鍖nitely customized and expanded via plugins ~ there are thousands already written ~ installation is very easy, usually just drop them into .vim/plugin ~ read instructions 鍖rst though
netrw ~ makes it possible to read, write, and browse remote directories and 鍖les ~ i usually use it over ssh connections via scp ~ need to run ssh-agent to avoid continuous prompts for passphrase ~ don't use passphrase-less keys! ~ once set up: ~ vim scp://hostname/path/to/file ~ :new scp://hostname/path/to/dir/
NERDTree ~ similar to netrw browser but looks more like a hierarchical explorer ~ does not support remote 鍖le operations ~ :nmap <silent> <F7> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
taglist ~ provides an overview of the source code ~ provides quick access to classes, functions, constants ~ automatically updates window when switching buffers ~ can display prototype and scope of a tag ~ requires Exuberant Ctags
taglist ~ stick this in ~/.vim/after/plugin/general.vim let Tlist_Ctags_Cmd = quot;/usr/local/bin/ctags-exquot; let Tlist_Inc_Winwidth = 1 let Tlist_Exit_OnlyWindow = 1 let Tlist_File_Fold_Auto_Close = 1 let Tlist_Process_File_Always = 1 let Tlist_Enable_Fold_Column = 0 let tlist_php_settings = 'php;c:class;d:constant;f:function' if exists('loaded_taglist') nmap <silent> <F8> :TlistToggle<CR> endif
snippetsEmu ~ emulates some of the functionality of TextMate snippets ~ supports many languages, including PHP/HTML/ CSS/Javascript ~ by default binds to <Tab> but that's annoying ~ need to remap the key after it's loaded ~ put this in ~/.vim/after/plugin/general.vim if exists('loaded_snippet') imap <C-B> <Plug>Jumper endif inoremap <Tab> <C-R>=MyTabOrComplete()<CR>
php documentor ~ inserts PHP Documentor blocks automatically ~ works in single or multi-line mode ~ doesnt provide mappings by default ~ read documentation to set up default variables for copyright, package, etc ~ put this in ~/.vim/ftplugin/php.vim inoremap <buffer> <C-P> <Esc>:call PhpDocSingle()<CR>i nnoremap <buffer> <C-P> :call PhpDocSingle()<CR> vnoremap <buffer> <C-P> :call PhpDocRange()<CR> let g:pdv_cfg_Uses = 1
xdebug-ger ~ allows debugging with xdebug through DBGp protocol ~ fairly basic, but does the job ~ vim needs to be compiled with +python feature ~ see resources section for documentation links
vcscommand ~ provides interface to CVS/SVN ~ install it, then :help vcscommand
conclusion ~ vim rules ~ this has been only a partial glimpse ~ from my very subjective point of view ~ dont be stuck in an editor rut ~ keep reading and trying things out
resources ~ vim tips: http://www.vim.org/tips/ ~ vim scripts: http://www.vim.org/scripts/index.php ~ Exuberant Ctags: http://ctags.sourceforge.net ~ PHP patch for ctags: http://www.live-emotion.com/memo/index.php? plugin=attach&refer=%CA%AA%C3%D6&open鍖le=ctags-5.6j-php.zip ~ article on xdebug and vim: http://2bits.com/articles/using-vim-and- xdebug-dbgp-for-debugging-drupal-or-any-php-application.html ~ more cool plugins: ~ Surround: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=1697 ~ ShowMarks: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=152 ~ Vim Outliner: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=517 ~ Tetris: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=172
quot;As with everything, best not to look too deeply into this.quot;
Thank You! http://gravitonic.com/talks/

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Vim For Php

  • 1. VIM for (PHP) Programmers Andrei Zmievski Outspark, Inc php|works Atlanta September 14, 2007
  • 2. help ~ learn how to get help effectively ~ :help is your friend ~ use CTRL-V before a CTRL sequence command ~ use i_ and v_ pre鍖xes to get help for CTRL sequences in Insert and Visual modes ~ use CTRL-] (jump to tag) and CTRL-T (go back) in help window
  • 3. intro ~ how well do you know vims language? ~ what is the alphabet? ~ look at your keyboard ~ can you name what every key does? ~ modes - what are they? ~ how many do you know? ~ how many do you use?
  • 4. intro if you dont like the language, change it example: how do you quit vim quickly? ZZ (exit with saving) ZQ (exit without save) or :nmap ,w :x<CR> :nmap ,q :q!<CR> tip: set showcmd to see partial commands as you type them
  • 5. where am i? How do you tell where you are? ~ simple - CTRL-G ~ detailed - gCTRL-G ~ do yourself a favor and set ruler ~ shows line, column, and percentage in status line ~ or con鍖gure it however you want with rulerformat
  • 6. moving ~ do you us h/j/k/l for moving? ~ or are you stuck in GUIarrowy world? ~ if you are, re-learn ~ save yourself countless miles of movement between home row and arrows
  • 7. moving How do you move to: ~ start/end of buffer? gg and G ~ line n? nG or ngg ~ n% into the 鍖le? n% ~ the 鍖rst non-blank character in the line? ^ ~ 鍖rst non-blank character on next line? <CR> ~ 鍖rst non-blank character on previous line? -
  • 8. marks ~ we can bookmark locations in the buffer ~ m<letter> sets mark named <letter> at current location ~ `<letter> jumps precisely to that mark ~ <letter> jumps to the line with the mark ~ lowercase letter: mark is local to the buffer ~ uppercase letter: mark is global, your buffer will be switched to the 鍖le with the mark ~ :marks shows you your current marks
  • 9. marks ~ marks are very handy for changing text ~ set a mark (lets say ma) ~ then you can do: ~ c`a - change text from cursor to mark a ~ d`a - delete text from cursor to mark a ~ =a - reformat lines from current one to the one with mark a
  • 10. marks ~ lets say you jump somewhere ~ how do you go back? ~ `` moves you between the last two locations ~ you can set ` (the context mark) explicitly: ~ m`, jump elsewhere, then come back with `` tip: CTRL-O and CTRL-I move between positions in the full jump history, but cant be used as motions . and `. - jump to the line or exact location of the last modi鍖cation
  • 11. insert ~ gi - incredibly handy ~ goes to Insert mode where you left it last time ~ scenario: edit something, exit Insert, go look at something else, then gi back to restart editing
  • 12. insert Some more goodies: ~ CTRL-Y and CTRL-E (avoid work if you can) ~ inserts chars from above or below the cursor ~ CTRL-A (oops, i want to do that again) ~ inserts previously inserted text ~ CTRL-R=<expr> (built-in calculator) ~ inserts anything vim can calculate ~ CTRL-T and CTRL-D (tab and de-tab) ~ inserts or deletes one shiftwidth of indent at the start of the line
  • 13. delete set your <Backspace> free :set backspace=start,indent,eol lets you backspace past the start of edit, auto- indenting, and even start of the line
  • 14. search Search within the line: ~ f/F<char> jumps to the 鍖rst <char> to the right/left and places cursor on it ~ t/T<char> jumps does the same, but stops one character short of it ~ df; - delete text from cursor to the 鍖rst ; to the right ~ cT$ - change text from cursor up to the 鍖rst $ to the left
  • 15. search ~ often you want to 鍖nd other instances of word under the cursor ~ */# - 鍖nd next/previous instance of whole word ~ g*/g# - 鍖nd next/previous instance of partial word ~ or 鍖nd lines with a certain word: ~ [I and ]I - list lines with word under the cursor ~ more convenient to use a mapping to jump to a line: :map ,f [I:let nr = input(quot;Which one: quot;)<Bar>exe quot;normal quot; . nr .quot;[tquot;<CR>
  • 16. search ~ of course, theres always regexp search ~ /<pattern> - search forward for <pattern> ~ ?<pattern> - search backward for <pattern> ~ n repeats the last search ~ N repeats it in the opposite direction ~ vim regexp language is too sophisticated to be covered here
  • 17. search Control your search options ~ :set wrapscan - to make search wrap around ~ :set incsearch - incremental search, <Enter> accepts, <Esc> cancels ~ :set ignorecase - case-insensitive search, or use this within the pattern: ~ c - force case-insensitive search ~ C - force case-sensitive search
  • 18. search ~ remember that every search/jump can be used as a motion argument ~ d/^# - delete everything up to the next comment ~ y/^class/;?function - copy everything from current point to the 鍖rst function before the 鍖rst class
  • 19. replace ~ :[range]s/<pattern>/<replace>/{flags} is the substitute command ~ used mainly with range addresses ~ range addresses are very powerful (read the manual) ~ but who wants to count out lines and do something like :-23,ts/foo/bar/ ~ in reality you almost always use a couple of shortcuts and Visual mode for the rest
  • 20. replace ~ useful range addresses: ~ % - equal to 1,$ (the entire 鍖le) ~ . - current line ~ /<pattern>/ or ?<pattern>? - line where <pattern> matches ~ :%s/foo/bar/ - replace 鍖rst foo in each matching line with bar in the entire 鍖le ~ :.,/</body>/s,<br>,<br/>,gc - 鍖x br tags from current line until the one with </body> in it, asking for con鍖rmation (c - cautious mode)
  • 21. replace ~ & - repeat last substitution on current line ~ :&& - repeat it with the 鍖ags that were used ~ g& - repeat substitution globally, with 鍖ags
  • 22. text objects ~ better know what they are ~ since they are fantastically handy ~ can be used after an operator or in Visual mode ~ come in inner and ambient 鍖avors ~ inner ones always select less text than ambient ones
  • 23. text objects ~ aw, aW - ambient word or WORD (see docs) ~ iw, iW - inner word or WORD (see docs) ~ as, is - ambient or inner sentence ~ ap, ip - ambient or inner paragraph ~ a{, i{ - whole {..} block or text inside it ~ a(, i( - whole (..) block or just text inside it ~ a<, i< - whole <..> block or just text inside it
  • 24. text objects ~ there are some cooler ones ~ a, i - single-quoted string or just the text inside ~ a, i - double-quoted string or just the text inside ~ note that these are smart about escaped quotes inside strings ~ at, it- whole tag block or just text inside (HTML and XML tags)
  • 25. text objects examples: das - delete the sentence, including whitespace after ci( - change text inside (..) block yat - copy the entire closest tag block the cursor is inside gUi - uppercase text inside the single-quoted string vip - select the paragraph in Visual mode, without whitespace after
  • 26. copy/delete/paste ~ you should already know these ~ y - yank (copy), d - delete, p - paste after, P - paste before ~ ]p, ]P - paste after/before but adjust the indent ~ Useful mappings to paste and reformat/reindent :nnoremap <Esc>P P'[v']= :nnoremap <Esc>p p'[v']=
  • 27. registers ~ registers: your multi-purpose clipboard ~ you use them without even knowing ~ every y or d command copies to a register ~ unnamed or named ~ <char> before a copy/delete/paste speci鍖es register named <char>
  • 28. registers ~ copying to uppercase registers append to their contents ~ useful for picking out bits from the buffers and pasting as a chunk ~ wyy - copy current line into register w ~ WD - cut the rest of the line and append it to the contents of register W ~ wp - paste the contents of register w ~ CTRL-Rw - insert the contents of register w (in Insert mode)
  • 29. registers ~ you can record macros into registers ~ q<char> - start recording typed text into register <char> ~ next q stops recording ~ @<char> executes macro <char> ~ @@ repeats last executed macro ~ use :reg to see whats in your registers
  • 30. undo ~ original vi had only one level of undo ~ yikes! ~ vim has unlimited (limited only by memory) ~ set undolevels to what you need (1000 default)
  • 31. undo ~ simple case: u - undo, CTRL-R - redo ~ vim 7 introduces branched undo ~ if you undo something, and make a change, a new branch is created ~ g-, g+ - go to older/newer text state (through branches)
  • 32. undo ~ you can travel through time ~ :earlier Ns,m,h - go to text state as it was N seconds, minutes, hours ago ~ :later Ns,m,h - go to a later text state similarly ~ :earlier 10m - go back 10 minutes, before I drank a can of Red Bull and made all these crazy changes. Whew.
  • 33. visual mode ~ use it, it's much easier than remembering obscure range or motion commands ~ start selection with: ~ v - characterwise, ~ V - linewise ~ CTRL-V - blockwise ~ use any motion command to change selection ~ can execute any normal or : command on the selection
  • 34. visual mode ~ Visual block mode is awesome ~ especially for table-like text tip: o switches cursor to the other corner, continue selection from there ~ Once you are in block mode: ~ I<text><Esc> - insert <text> before block on every line ~ A<text><Esc> - append <text> after block on every line ~ c<text><Esc> - change every line in block to <text> ~ r<char><Esc> - replace every character with <char>
  • 35. abbreviations ~ Real-time string replacement ~ Expanded when a non-keyword character is typed ~ :ab tempalte template - 鍖x misspellings ~ more complicated expansion: ~ :iab techo <?php echo ?><Left><Left><Left>
  • 36. windows ~ learn how to manipulate windows ~ learn how to move between them ~ :new, :sp should be at your 鍖ngertips ~ CTRL-W commands - learn essential ones for resizing and moving between windows
  • 37. tab pages ~ vim 7 supports tab pages ~ :tabe <file> to edit 鍖le in a new tab ~ :tabc to close ~ :tabn, :tabp (or gt, gT to switch) ~ probably want to map these for easier navigation (if gt, gT are too dif鍖cult)
  • 38. completion ~ vim is very completion friendly ~ just use <Tab> on command line ~ for 鍖lenames, set wildmenu and wildmode (I like quot;list:longest,fullquot;) ~ :new ~/dev/fo<Tab> - complete 鍖lename ~ :help comp<Tab> - complete option name ~ :re<Tab> - complete command ~ hit <Tab> again to cycle, CTRL-N for next match, CTRL-P for previous
  • 39. completion ~ CTRL-X starts completion mode in Insert mode ~ follow with CTRL- combos (:help ins- completion) ~ i mostly use 鍖lename, identi鍖er, and omni completion ~ when there are multiple matches, a nice completion windows pops up
  • 40. completion ~ CTRL-X CTRL-F to complete 鍖lenames ~ CTRL-X CTRL-N to complete identi鍖ers ~ hey, thats so useful Ill remap <Tab> Insert <Tab> or complete identifier if the cursor is after a keyword character function MyTabOrComplete() let col = col('.')-1 if !col || getline('.')[col-1] !~ 'k' return quot;<tab>quot; else return quot;<C-N>quot; endif endfunction inoremap <Tab> <C-R>=MyTabOrComplete()<CR>
  • 41. completion ~ omni completion is heuristics-based ~ guesses what you want to complete ~ speci鍖c to the 鍖le type youre editing ~ more on it later
  • 42. maps ~ maps for every mode and then some ~ tired of changing text inside quotes? :nmap X ciquot; ~ make vim more browser-like? :nmap <Space> <PageDown> ~ insert your email quickly? :imap ;EM me@mydomain.com ~ make <Backspace> act as <Delete> in Visual mode? :vmap <BS> x
  • 43. options ~ vim has hundreds of options ~ learn to control the ones you need ~ :options lets you change options interactively ~ :options | resize is better (since there are so many)
  • 44. sessions ~ a session keeps the views for all windows, plus the global settings ~ you can save a session and when you restore it later, the window layout looks the same. ~ :mksession <file> to write out session to a 鍖le ~ :source <file> to load session from a 鍖le ~ vim -S <file> to start editing a session
  • 45. miscellaneous ~ gf - go to 鍖le under cursor (CTRL-W CTRL-F for new window) ~ :read in contents of 鍖le or process ~ :read foo.txt - read in foo.txt ~ :read !wc %:h - run wc on current 鍖le and insert result into the text ~ 鍖lter text: :%!sort, :%!grep, or use :! in visual mode ~ i like sorting lists like this: vip:!sort
  • 46. miscellaneous ~ use command-line history ~ : and / followed by up/down arrows move through history ~ : and / followed by pre鍖x and arrows restrict history to that pre鍖x ~ q: and q/ for editable history (<Enter> executes, CTRL-C copies to command line)
  • 47. miscellaneous ~ CTRL-A and CTRL-X to increment/decrement numbers under the cursor (hex and octal too) ~ ga - what is this character under my cursor? ~ :set number to turn line numbers on ~ or use this to toggle line numbers: :nmap <silent> <F6> set number!<CR> ~ :set autowrite - stop vim asking if you want to write the 鍖le before leaving buffer ~ CTRL-E/CTRL-Y - scroll window down/up without moving cursor
  • 48. miscellaneous ~ :set scroloff=N to start scrolling when cursor is N lines from the top/bottom edge ~ :set updatecount=50 to write swap 鍖le to disk after 50 keystrokes ~ :set showmatch matchtime=3 - when bracket is inserted, brie鍖y jump to the matching one ~ in shell: fc invokes vim on last command, and runs it after vim exits (or fc N to edit command N in history) ~ vimdiff in shell (:help vimdiff)
  • 49. customization ~ customize vim by placing 鍖les in you ~/.vim dir ~ filetype plugin on, filetype indent on .vimrc - global settings .vim/ after/ - files that are loaded at the very end ftplugin/ plugin/ syntax/ ... autoload/ - automatically loaded scripts colors/ - custom color schemes doc/ - plugin documentation ftdetect/ - filetype detection scripts ftplugin/ - filetype plugins indent/ - indent scripts plugin/ - plugins syntax/ - syntax scripts
  • 50. php: linting ~ vim supports arbitrary build/lint commands ~ if we set 'makeprg' and 'errorformat' appropriately.. :set makeprg=php -l % :set errorformat=%m in %f on line %l ~ now we just type :make (and <Enter> a couple of times) ~ cursor jumps to line with syntax error
  • 51. php: match pairs ~ you should be familiar with % command (moves cursor to matching item) ~ used with (), {}, [], etc ~ but can also be used to jump between PHP and HTML tags ~ use matchit.vim plugin ~ but syntax/php.vim has bugs and typos in the matching rule ~ i provide my own
  • 52. php: block objects ~ similar to vim's built-in objects ~ aP - PHP block including tags ~ iP - text inside PHP block examples: ~ vaP - select current PHP block (with tags) ~ ciP - change text inside current PHP block ~ yaP - copy entire PHP block (with tags) ~ provided in my .vim/ftplugin/php.vim 鍖le
  • 53. php: syntax options ~ vim comes with a very capable syntax plugin for PHP ~ provides a number of options ~ let php_sql_query=1 to highlight SQL syntax in strings ~ let php_htmlInStrings=1 to highlight HTML in string ~ let php_noShortTags = 1 to disable short tags ~ let php_folding = 1 to enable folding for classes and functions
  • 54. php: folding ~ learn to control folding ~ zo - open fold (if the cursor is on the fold line) ~ zc - close closest fold ~ zR - open all folds ~ zM - close all folds ~ zj - move to the start of the next fold ~ zk - move to the end of the previous fold
  • 55. php: tags ~ for vim purposes, tags are PHP identi鍖ers (classes, functions, constants) ~ you can quickly jump to the de鍖nition of each tag, if you have a tags 鍖le ~ install Exuberant Ctags ~ it can scan your scripts and output tags 鍖le, containing identi鍖er info ~ currently does not support class membership info (outputs methods as functions) ~ have to apply a third-party patch to 鍖x
  • 56. php: tags ~ use mapping to re-build tags 鍖le after editing nmap <silent> <F4> :!ctags-ex -f ./tags --langmap=quot;php:+.incquot; -h quot;.php.incquot; -R --totals=yes --tag-relative=yes --PHP-kinds=+cf-v .<CR> set tags=./tags,tags ~ all PHP 鍖les in current directory and under it recursively will be scanned
  • 57. php: tags ~ CTRL-] - jump to tag under cursor ~ CTRL-W CTRL-] - jump to tag in a new window ~ :tag <ident> - jump to an arbitrary tag ~ :tag /<regexp> - jump to or list tags matching <regexp> ~ if multiple matches - select one from a list ~ :tselect <ident> or /<regexp> - list tags instead of jumping ~ CTRL-T - return to where you were ~ See also taglist.vim plugin
  • 58. php: completion ~ vim 7 introduces powerful heuristics-based omni completion ~ CTRL-X CTRL-O starts the completion (i map it to CTRL-F) ~ completes classes, variables, methods in a smart manner, based on context
  • 59. php: completion ~ completes built-in functions too ~ function completion shows prototype preview ~ array_<CTRL-X><CTRL-O> shows list of array functions ~ select one from the list, and the prototype shows in a preview window ~ CTRL-W CTRL-Z to close preview window
  • 60. php: completion ~ switches to HTML/CSS/Javascript completion outside PHP blocks ~ see more: ~ :help ins-completion ~ :help popupmenu-completion ~ :help popupmenu-keys
  • 61. plugins ~ vim can be in鍖nitely customized and expanded via plugins ~ there are thousands already written ~ installation is very easy, usually just drop them into .vim/plugin ~ read instructions 鍖rst though
  • 62. netrw ~ makes it possible to read, write, and browse remote directories and 鍖les ~ i usually use it over ssh connections via scp ~ need to run ssh-agent to avoid continuous prompts for passphrase ~ don't use passphrase-less keys! ~ once set up: ~ vim scp://hostname/path/to/file ~ :new scp://hostname/path/to/dir/
  • 63. NERDTree ~ similar to netrw browser but looks more like a hierarchical explorer ~ does not support remote 鍖le operations ~ :nmap <silent> <F7> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
  • 64. taglist ~ provides an overview of the source code ~ provides quick access to classes, functions, constants ~ automatically updates window when switching buffers ~ can display prototype and scope of a tag ~ requires Exuberant Ctags
  • 65. taglist ~ stick this in ~/.vim/after/plugin/general.vim let Tlist_Ctags_Cmd = quot;/usr/local/bin/ctags-exquot; let Tlist_Inc_Winwidth = 1 let Tlist_Exit_OnlyWindow = 1 let Tlist_File_Fold_Auto_Close = 1 let Tlist_Process_File_Always = 1 let Tlist_Enable_Fold_Column = 0 let tlist_php_settings = 'php;c:class;d:constant;f:function' if exists('loaded_taglist') nmap <silent> <F8> :TlistToggle<CR> endif
  • 66. snippetsEmu ~ emulates some of the functionality of TextMate snippets ~ supports many languages, including PHP/HTML/ CSS/Javascript ~ by default binds to <Tab> but that's annoying ~ need to remap the key after it's loaded ~ put this in ~/.vim/after/plugin/general.vim if exists('loaded_snippet') imap <C-B> <Plug>Jumper endif inoremap <Tab> <C-R>=MyTabOrComplete()<CR>
  • 67. php documentor ~ inserts PHP Documentor blocks automatically ~ works in single or multi-line mode ~ doesnt provide mappings by default ~ read documentation to set up default variables for copyright, package, etc ~ put this in ~/.vim/ftplugin/php.vim inoremap <buffer> <C-P> <Esc>:call PhpDocSingle()<CR>i nnoremap <buffer> <C-P> :call PhpDocSingle()<CR> vnoremap <buffer> <C-P> :call PhpDocRange()<CR> let g:pdv_cfg_Uses = 1
  • 68. xdebug-ger ~ allows debugging with xdebug through DBGp protocol ~ fairly basic, but does the job ~ vim needs to be compiled with +python feature ~ see resources section for documentation links
  • 69. vcscommand ~ provides interface to CVS/SVN ~ install it, then :help vcscommand
  • 70. conclusion ~ vim rules ~ this has been only a partial glimpse ~ from my very subjective point of view ~ dont be stuck in an editor rut ~ keep reading and trying things out
  • 71. resources ~ vim tips: http://www.vim.org/tips/ ~ vim scripts: http://www.vim.org/scripts/index.php ~ Exuberant Ctags: http://ctags.sourceforge.net ~ PHP patch for ctags: http://www.live-emotion.com/memo/index.php? plugin=attach&refer=%CA%AA%C3%D6&open鍖le=ctags-5.6j-php.zip ~ article on xdebug and vim: http://2bits.com/articles/using-vim-and- xdebug-dbgp-for-debugging-drupal-or-any-php-application.html ~ more cool plugins: ~ Surround: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=1697 ~ ShowMarks: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=152 ~ Vim Outliner: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=517 ~ Tetris: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=172
  • 72. quot;As with everything, best not to look too deeply into this.quot;