Vital_signs-BddddddddddddddddddddP-1.ppt
- 2. Arterial blood pressure is a measure of pressure exerted by the blood as flows through the arteries. (measured by mmHg.)
- 3. Systolic BP is a measurement of the maximal pressure exerted against arterial walls during systole, primarily a reflection of cardiac output.
- 4. Diastolic BP is a measurement of pressure remaining in arterial system during diastole (period of relaxation that reflects the pressure remaining in blood vessels after heart has pumped), a reflection of peripheral vascular resistance.
- 5. Pulse Pressure Measurement of the ratio of stroke volume to compliance (total distensibility) of the arterial system.
- 6. BP normal limits 120/80 mmHg (adults)
- 7. Determinants of BP Cardiac output Peripheral vascular resistance Blood volume Blood viscosity (Hct. > 60-65%)
- 8. Factors affecting BP Age (elasticity of the arteries) Exercise Stress Race: African, European American males over 35 years have higher BP. Gender medications Obesity Diurnal variations Disease process (complications)
- 9. Assessing BP Sphygmomanometer & stethoscope Electronic Sphygmomanometer Doppler US Arterial lines
- 14. Assessing BP Contraindications For Brachial Artery BP Measurement Venous access devices, as IV infusion or AV fistula for renal dialysis Surgery in breast, axilla, shoulder, arm, hand Injury or disease to shoulder, arm, or hand, such as trauma, burns, or cast or bandage
- 15. Assessing BP Hypertension Primary hypertension Secondary hypertension
- 16. Assessing BP (Hypertension) Associated factors include: Smoking Obesity Alcohol Arteriosclerosis Lack of physical activity High blood cholesterol Stress
- 17. Assessing BP (Hypertension) Diagnostic measures: >140/90 mmHg in multiple readings Rx. : treatment of secondary causes, life style changes and monitoring.
- 18. Assessing BP (Hypotension) Orthostatic hypotension Assessment of: drugs, bleeding, severe burn and dehydration Management: supine position 2-3min., V/s, prevent falls, Rx of the cause.
- 19. Orthostatic Postural Hypotension Postural or orthostatic hypotension (sudden; temporary drop in BP when rising from a reclining position) Most common in those with circulatory problems, dehydrated, or those who take diuretics or other drugs that lower BP
- 20. Category Systolic (mmhg) Diastolic (mmhg) Follow-up recommended Optimal <120 <80 / 2 years Normal <130 <85 2 years High normal 130139 8589 1 year Hypertension Stage 1 140159 9099 In 2 months Stage 2 160179 100109 In 1 month Stage 3 180 or higher 110 or higher immediately or in 1 week