Volcano's
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Volcanoes form when magma from the earth's mantle rises through ruptures or openings in the crust. The movement of tectonic plates, particularly when they separate from each other, causes pressure that can lead to volcanic eruptions. In 1883, Krakatoa erupted with a force equivalent to 200 megatons, causing massive tsunamis that killed over 36,000 people and lowering the earth's temperatures by ejecting ash high into the atmosphere.
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Volcanoes form when magma rises up from below the Earth's crust and erupts. There are three main types of volcanic eruptions that differ based on the speed and viscosity of the magma: magmatic, phreatomagmatic, and phreatic. Monitoring volcanoes for changes in shape, temperature, and seismic activity can help predict eruptions and allow for evacuation planning to reduce risk to humans. The largest volcanic eruption in history was the Lake Toba eruption in Indonesia around 75,000 years ago.VOLCANIC ERUPTION PPT FOR CLASS 8 CBSE!!
VOLCANIC ERUPTION PPT FOR CLASS 8 CBSE!!VrandaRishi
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**Introduction: Volcanic Eruptions Understanding the Forces of Nature**
This presentation explores the fascinating and powerful phenomenon of volcanic eruptions. Aimed at Class 8 students, it covers the science behind volcanic activity, types of eruptions, and the impact of volcanoes on Earths landscape and human life. From the formation of volcanoes to the forces that drive explosive eruptions, this PPT provides a comprehensive overview of how volcanoes shape our world, both destructively and constructively. Dive into the science of magma, lava, and tectonic movements, and discover the various volcanic hazards that affect our planet. Whether youre a student or simply curious about Earth's dynamic processes, this presentation offers valuable insights into one of nature's most dramatic events.Endogenous disasters volcanoes
Endogenous disasters volcanoesMALLIKARJUNA REDDY KASIREDDY
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A油volcano油is a油rupture油in the油crust油of a油planetary-mass object, such as油Earth, that allows hot油lava,油volcanic ash, and油gases油to escape from a油magma chamber油below the surface.
Volcanism
VolcanismRomit Kumar
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Volcanoes form when hot molten rock (magma) rises from below the Earth's surface and erupts. They consist of a vent, conduit and surrounding cone built from erupted material. Most volcanoes occur at plate boundaries or hot spots. Magma rises due to lower density and pressure changes, erupting either explosively with gas-rich magma or effusively with low-viscosity magma. Eruptions produce hazards like lava flows, pyroclastic flows and falls. Notable examples include Vesuvius destroying Pompeii and Krakatoa's powerful 1883 eruption. Supervolcanoes are capable of much larger eruptions than normal volcanoes.Volcanoes
VolcanoesMuneeba Fatima
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Volcanoes are formed when magma from the Earth's upper mantle works its way to the surface and erupts. They are classified as active if erupting recently, dormant if not erupting recently but could in the future, or extinct if not likely to erupt again. When tectonic plates collide or move apart, the friction can cause volcanic eruptions near the plate boundaries due to changes in pressure. Magma becomes lava when it reaches the surface of the volcano. Explosive eruptions can send ash high into the sky and pose catastrophic hazards, while effusive eruptions allow lava to flow out more slowly.
Geo @HU Notes.pptx
Geo @HU Notes.pptxAbdullaahiHashiSabri
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Geohazards are natural hazards caused by geological processes within the Earth, such as volcanoes, earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, and cyclones, which can cause damage and loss of life. Earthquakes occur along faults in the Earth's crust due to the sudden release of accumulated strain, generating seismic waves that can damage infrastructure and trigger other hazards like tsunamis and landslides. Volcanic eruptions result from the buildup of pressure from magma and gases below the Earth's surface, which are released through explosions or lava flows that can endanger nearby populations and environments.volcanoes and volcanism
volcanoes and volcanismDiego Benites N.
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The document provides an introduction to volcanology, discussing key concepts such as the definition and parts of a volcano, the origin of volcanoes through magma rising from below the earth's surface, and volcanology as the study of volcanoes, lava, and related phenomena. It also covers types of volcanism including those related to mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, hotspots, and flood volcanism. The heat source for volcanoes comes from deep within the earth where rocks are hot enough to turn into lava.Defination and characteristics
Defination and characteristicsLynette Law
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Volcanic eruptions occur when lava and gas are discharged from a volcanic vent, often forcing large population movements. The most dangerous eruptions create pyroclastic flows - hot rocks and gas that surge down volcanoes at speeds up to hundreds of km/h. Plate tectonics causes volcanoes through the movement of tectonic plates. When plates converge, subduction can lead to magma rising and erupting violently. When plates diverge, magma rises to fill the gap and forms ocean ridges or volcanic islands like Iceland. A volcano erupts due to differences in magma density rising towards lower pressure, gases being released from magma, or injection of new magma.Earthquake & volcanism.pptx
Earthquake & volcanism.pptxMaksudulAminDurlov
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This document provides information about earthquakes and volcanoes. It defines an earthquake as the shaking and trembling that results from the sudden movement of parts of the earth's crust. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates. When the stress between plates becomes too great, the crust breaks and energy is released in waves. Volcanoes form at places where magma reaches the earth's surface. There are three main types of volcanoes - cinder cones formed from explosive eruptions, shield volcanoes composed of fluid lava flows, and composite volcanoes with layers of ejected material and lava.surbhishreemali-151007135358-lva1-app6892.pdf
surbhishreemali-151007135358-lva1-app6892.pdfAjitPal26
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The document discusses volcanic eruptions, including the process by which they occur, different types of eruptions, reasons for eruptions, and effects. It provides details on the top 10 deadliest eruptions in history. Safety tips are also listed, such as staying away from active volcanoes, keeping emergency supplies, knowing evacuation routes, and closing windows if ash is present.Volcanic Eruption
Volcanic EruptionAli Safaa97
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The document discusses volcanic eruptions, including the process by which they occur, different types of eruptions, reasons for eruptions, and effects. It provides details on the top 10 deadliest eruptions in history. Safety tips are also listed, such as staying away from active volcanoes, keeping emergency supplies, knowing evacuation routes, and closing windows if ash is present.Volcanic Eruption 
Volcanic Eruption surbhishreemali
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The document discusses volcanic eruptions, including the process by which they occur, different types of eruptions, reasons for eruptions, and effects. It provides details on the top 10 deadliest eruptions in history. Safety tips are also listed, such as staying away from active volcanoes, keeping emergency supplies, knowing evacuation routes, and closing windows if ash is present.Volcanoes Information
Volcanoes Informationsafdarali abbas
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Volcanoes form when magma rises from below the Earth's crust and erupts onto the surface. There are three main types of volcanoes: shield volcanoes which have gentle slopes and non-explosive eruptions, composite volcanoes which have steep slopes and more explosive eruptions, and super volcanoes which have massive eruptions over 1,000 cubic km. Volcanic eruptions can have both positive impacts such as fertilizing soils and negative impacts like killing people and damaging property. Scientists monitor volcanoes using techniques like seismometers and tilt meters to predict eruptions.Explain what happens when volcanoes erupt ppt.pptx
Explain what happens when volcanoes erupt ppt.pptxCristyVillamor2
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Grade 9 Science Explain what happens when volcanoes erupt ppt.pptxIntroduction-to-Volcanic-Eruptions grade 9.pptx
Introduction-to-Volcanic-Eruptions grade 9.pptxGLENNMENDOZA10
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The document discusses different types of volcanic eruptions:
- Effusive eruptions gently release lava to form lava flows and shield volcanoes.
- Explosive eruptions suddenly release high-pressure gas and magma, producing powerful explosions, pyroclastic flows, and volcanic bombs.
- Eruption types are categorized based on their characteristics and behaviors, such as lava fountains, ash plumes, or interactions with water. Proper classification is important for assessing eruption hazards and impacts.Everyday science presentation by junaid.pptx
Everyday science presentation by junaid.pptxamuqtadirqureshi1122
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Earth Science, Geologic Time & Fossils
Earth Sciences
earthquake
geology
Also known as: earth tremor
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Last Updated: Dec 9, 2024 Article History
Kbe earthquake of 1995
Kbe earthquake of 1995 Building knocked off its foundation by the January 1995 earthquake in Kbe, Japan.
Top Questions
Why is an earthquake dangerous?
What are earthquake waves?
How is earthquake magnitude measured?
News 'Swarm' of moderate to strong earthquakes hit Alaska's western Aleutian Islands without damage Dec. 9, 2024, 1:04 AM ET (AP)
earthquake-damaged neighbourhood of Port-au-Prince, Haiti
earthquake-damaged neighbourhood of Port-au-Prince, HaitiResidents of an earthquake-damaged neighbourhood of Port-au-Prince, Haiti, seeking safety in a sports field, January 13, 2010. The magnitude-7.0 earthquake struck the region the day before.
earthquake, any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earths rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in Earths crust is suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one another suddenly fracture and slip. Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. The major fault lines of the world are located at the fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up Earths crust. (See the table of major earthquakes.)
earthquake epicentres
earthquake epicentresGlobal seismic centres for earthquakes of magnitude 5.5 and greater occurring between 1975 and 1999.
Little was understood about earthquakes until the emergence of seismology at the beginning of the 20th century. Seismology, which involves the scientific study of all aspects of earthquakes, has yielded answers to such long-standing questions as why and how earthquakes occur.
Key People: John Michell Boris Borisovich, Prince Golitsyn Charles F. Richter Arthur L. Day
Related Topics: aftershock seismic wave epicentre deep-focus earthquake moonquake
San Francisco earthquake of 1906
San Francisco earthquake of 1906Crowds watching the fires set off by the earthquake in San Francisco in 1906, photo by Arnold Genthe.
About 50,000 earthquakes large enough to be noticed without the aid of instruments occur annually over the entire Earth. Of these, approximately 100 are of sufficient size to produce substantial damage if their centres are near areas of habitation. Very great earthquakes occur on average about once per year. Over the centuries they have been responsible for millions of deaths and an incalculable amount of damage to property.
The nature of earthquakes
Causes of earthquakes
Earths major earthquakes occur mainly in belts coinciding with the margins of tectonic plates. This has long been apparent from early catalogs of felt earthquakes andBiological effects of natural explosions 
Biological effects of natural explosions kbrunson
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The document discusses the biological effects of several types of natural explosions:
1) The Big Bang created the universe 15 billion years ago from a single point containing all matter and energy.
2) Hypernova explosions emit gamma rays that have the potential to cause global environmental changes and damage life through ionizing radiation.
3) Large volcanic eruptions can devastate landscapes and communities through pyroclastic flows, ash falls, and lahars, in addition to changing global climate.
Geophysics
GeophysicsKAZEMBETVOnline
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Geophysics is the study of the physical properties of the Earth. The Earth is composed of three main zones - the crust, mantle, and core. The crust makes up the outer solid layer and exists in two types, continental and oceanic. Below the crust is the mantle, which takes up 70% of the Earth's mass and is solid but plastic. The innermost part is the core, which has a liquid outer core and solid inner core. The Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into tectonic plates that move slowly over time. Volcanoes and earthquakes occur near plate boundaries as a result of this movement. Earthquakes release energy in seismic waves that can be measured on scales such as the RichterVolcano's
- 2. What is a volcano A volcano is an opening or rupture in the earths crust A volcano basically is a mountain/hill with a pocket of magma underneath that rises from the mantle of the earth and volcano's allow for magma gas and ashes to escape into the atmosphere from the mantle The mantle of the earth is composed of melted rock called magma The rupture in the earths surface allows for magma to escape the mantle
- 3. How does it form Volcanoes form as a result of tectonic plate movement The movement that causes volcanoes to form is called divergent movement and this is when the plates separate and push away from each other
- 4. Krakatoa Erupted on August 27 1883 During this event there was just a vicious explosion Mt Krakatoa IS 2667 FEET HIGH The sound of the explosion could be heard from 1,930 miles away Explosion equivalent to 200 megatons and in comparison the largest man made bomb the tsar bomba was only 50 megatons
- 5. Environmental effects Concussive airwaves travelled around the world seven times The ash produced by Krakatoa is what some scientists blame for our current environmental crisis Also the amount of ash released into the atmosphere caused the earths temperature to drop and in turn countless crops to fail The force of the blast also caused massive tsunamis to form Even though the blast killed no one the tsunamis generated killed over 36,000 people