WAN and Switching .pptx
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A WAN is a network that connects devices over a broad geographic area using common carrier transmission facilities. Components of a WAN include nodes, routers, hosts, and physical links. There are different switching techniques used in WANs, including circuit switching which establishes a dedicated connection for the duration of communication, and packet switching which divides data into packets that can take different paths to the destination. Packet switching includes datagram and virtual circuit approaches, with virtual circuits pre-establishing logical connections between sender and receiver. Frame relay is a virtual circuit WAN technology that uses permanent and switched virtual circuits.
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WAN and Switching .pptx
- 1. Dr. SUHAIL Q. MIR suhailmir@uok.edu.in M Sc. IT (2022 Batch) Directorate of Information Technology & Support Systems University of Kashmir WIDE AREA NETWORK & SWITCHING IN NETWORKS
- 2. A WAN is a data communications network that covers a relatively broad geographic area and that often uses transmission facilities provided by common carriers, such as telephone companies. What is a Wide Area Network (WAN) ? These networks are often established by service providers that then lease their WAN to businesses, schools, governments or the public.
- 3. WAN Subnet Components in a WAN: A Node or router Host Physical link A Simple WAN
- 4. ATM FRAME RELAY X.25 How a Portion of Internet looks with different WAN Network Techs
- 5. A stream of packets from sender to receiver. Sender and Receiver
- 6. What is Switching ? Switching involves moving packets between devices on the same network.
- 7. What is Routing ? T T L ? routing involves moving packets between different networks Source to destination Delivery of Packets across different networks
- 8. ATM FRAME RELAY X.25 SONET SDH How a Portion of Internet looks with different WAN Network Techs R R R R R R R R routing involves moving packets between different networks
- 9. (Obsolete) In large networks there might be multiple paths linking sender and receiver. Information may be switched as it travels through various communication channels. There are three typical switching techniques available for digital traffic. Taxonomy of switched networks
- 10. Dedicated communication physical path between two stations Circuit switching implies the need to first set up a dedicated, end-to- end path for the connection before the information transfer takes place. Communication via circuit switching involves three phases: Circuit Establishment Data Transfer Circuit Tear down Once the connection is made the only delay is propagation time. Circuit Switching
- 11. Advantage: The communication channel (once established) is dedicated Circuit Establishment Circuit Tear down Data Transfer Phases in Circuit Switching
- 13. Inefficient Channel capacity dedicated for duration of connection If no data, capacity wasted Set up (connection) takes time Once connected, transfer is transparent Developed for voice traffic (phone) Problems with Circuit Switching
- 14. Packet switching is a digital networking communications method that groups all transmitted data into suitably sized blocks, called packets, which are transmitted via a medium that may be shared by multiple simultaneous communication sessions. The packets may choose different paths en-route destination. Routing Algorithm needed Packet Switching is divided into: 1. Datagrams 2. Virtual Circuits. Packet Switching
- 15. Datagram Approach of switching
- 16. COST OR WEIGHTS Three Classes or Routing Algorithms 1. Flooding 2. Static Routing 3. Dynamic Routing
- 17. Routing table in a datagram network
- 19. In Packet Switching some packets may roam in the network for longer times Routing decisions can delay the arrival of packets
- 20. Pros Cons Circuit Switching a dedicated path when the communication is not taking place the channel is still occupied. Packet Switching Data divided into packets Multiple paths leading to different packet arrival time, packet loss, routing related issues
- 21. Virtual-circuit network The difference between virtual circuit and datagram approaches: With virtual circuit, the node does not need to make a routing decision for each packet. It is made only once for all packets using that virtual circuit In the virtual circuit approach, a preplanned route is established before any data packets are sent. A dedicated logical connection is established between a sender and a receiver
- 22. Virtual Circuit Packet Switching Once you define the virtual circuit path from source to destination , all the packets travel the same path
- 23. Virtual Circuit Identifier A virtual channel identifier (VCI) distinguishes virtual channels (also known as circuits) created in a packet/cell switched network Also Known as Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI)
- 24. Switch and tables in a virtual-circuit network
- 25. A virtual channel identifier (VCI) distinguishes virtual channels (also known as circuits) created in a packet/cell switched network Virtual Circuit Packet Switching VC 1 VC 2
- 28. Frame Relay is a virtual-circuit wide-area network Switching Technology that was designed in response to demands for a new type of WAN in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Frame relay has Permanent VCs and Switched VCs
- 29. The SVC creates a temporary, short connection that exists only when data are being transferred between source and destination. The DLCI's are temporary and are assigned by frame relay during the connection setup phase. Switched Virtual Circuit (SVC)
- 30. Switched Virtual Circuits (SVC) 1 2
- 31. Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVC) The connection setup is simple. The corresponding table entry is recorded for all switches by the administrator. The DLCI's here are permanent and assigned by frame relay network service provider (During the hardware installation of switches )