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NESTs: Do they rule the roost?
International Foundation Students Perceptions on Native and Non-Native
English Language Teachers



       Hazel McAllister
       Leeds Metropolitan University
Content

  The  Question
  First Spark
  Previous Research
  The Study
  What Students had to Say (Results)
  Discussion
  Your questions
The Question


 What are the perceptions of UK university
  foundation students towards NESTs and
                 NNESTs?
First Spark
            nts: aker
                                                       n
           e                                  ker ded i
     irem e spe                          Spea Nee esia
 Requ ativ                           ive chers ndon
   a) N ril/2012                  Nat Tea ta, I 12
                                            r     0
    8/Ap                                aka pril/2
                                       J A
                                        10/
                                                    Requireme
                                                                 nts:
                                                    - Native sp
                                                                eak
                                                        from UK, Uers
                                                        Canada, SA,
                                                        Australia, N
                                                       Zealand, ew
                                                       Ireland & S
                                                       8/April/201 A
                                                                   2
                         ndidakerte:
                     ca
            r idtealEnglish spea
          Ou na ive
             A        012
             8/April/2
First Spark (continued)
  Selvi (2010) on two online TEFL jobsites
   showed over 60% stated nativeness as a job
   requirement

  Illes
      (1991) Managers are responding to sts
   demand

  Medgyes  (1994) Schools use NESTs as a
   status badge. To recruit more students.
What is a NEST?

 Definition is problematic
Previous Research 1
     Students rate professional skills such as
     preparation and motivating students as more
     important than language skills.
                                                            (Cheung, 2002)

  Students would prefer to have both NESTs
     and NNESTs teaching them
                                            (Lasagabaster and Sierra, 2005)


  Students    recognise that NESTs and NNESTs
     have different strengths and weaknesses.
                      (Mahboobs,2003, cited in Lipovsky and Mahboob, 2010)
Previous Research 2

       NESTs                       NNESTs
  (+) pronunciation        (+) Learning strategy
   and cultural              knowledge of
   knowledge                 students L1
  (-) lack of knowledge    (-) pronunciation
   of the students L1
   and teaching ability


                               (Lasagabaster and Sierra, 2005)
Previous Research 3

  Teaching behaviour is statistically
  different between the two groups

 NNEST  structured approach to grammar
 NEST  more capable of encouraging
  speaking

                            Medgyes and Benke (2006)
The Study


 Some students think that only native English
   speakers can be good English language
   teachers. Others think that non-native
   English speakers can also be efficient
   teachers. What is your opinion about this
   issue? Please feel free to provide personal
   details and examples.
                      Adapted from Mahboob and Lipovsky (2010)
The Study

  Full-timeinternational foundation course
   students (approx 80 students)

     Total participants: 8
     Male 5     Female 3
     IELTS 5+
     All had NNESTs &NESTs
     Arabic and European L1s
What Students Had to Say
                            its b
                                   et t er
                                           l
                                 speak earning w
                                          ers b        ith na
                                    Pronu ecause o tive
                      o                      nciati        f
                 has n                              on
       na tive is d only
  The ntage an
        a
  disadv vantage
        ad

                                                        s
                                                   ssion
                   nt teachin
                              g            r expre
     m
                  e
        ore confid ure              riche
                    t
           about cul
What Students Had to Say

                                    nativ
                                           e t ea
                                    exper         cher
                                          ience         have
                                                             no
                   y [know]                        in tea
     do not reall        e
                                                         ching
                                                              
                 a bout th age
         ything            u
      an          h er lang ake
          ts mot             m
   studen ds which can
          un                r
  backgro ing easier fo
        learn
              stu dents                        l
                                                       ut
                                                 y to p ents
                                     le ss like to stud
                                                in
                                         elves s
                                  thems       shoe
What Students Had to Say
                                          The
                                  more langu y also le
                       e  have hing.  steps
                                             age s
                                                  o the
                                                        arne
                                                             d the
               - nativ in teac               and h      y kno
          Non ence                       the s    ow to       w the
                 i
          e xper                               tuden      think
                                                                as
                                o                    t thin
                                                           k.
                        r e als
                 rity a ore
         e majo any m              o
  th e of m                ing t
     aw  ar         f learn The best method to improve
             ues o                                            non-
    te chniq speak              your Eng lish is to start with
                                                                can
                               native spe  aker because they
                                  understan  d us/they pass the
                                                            
                                       same thing like us
What Students Had to Say

                                                       e
                                          in g it can b
                              Wh en speak kes with
                                             a
                               gram mar mist
                                        NNS
                        r
                 ard fo t          Do
  It is very h       hen i            not
                   w
         o f them                    cul have
 some         mes t
                    o                   ture    e
          co                                 bac qual
                ciation                        kgr Eng
       p ronun                                     oun    lish
                                                      d.
Key Finding

 Tendency to have a preference for NEST
  over NNEST


         The non-native can be more
         efficient in teaching but in my
          opinion native teachers are
                  always better
Key finding
 Not a homogenous group

          The ri
    matter        ght qua
            a re m o         lificatio
    non-na           re impo           ns and
           tive]. If             rtant th       experie
    he or s          a perso             an [bei       nce
            he will             n has t           ng nati
                     be an e             he righ          ve or
       same                     xcellen          t educa
                probab                                    t
          native         ility of s t teacher wit ion,
                                    uccess            h
                   and no
                             n-nativ          for both the
                                      e spea
                                              kers
Key Finding
 Pronunciation seems to be the real crux of
   the issue and outweighs all other
   considerations
                The
           spea        bene
                 ker in      fit of
                         my o       nativ
                               pinio       e or
                  prefe               n is t      non-n
           pronu         r nati              he sa       ative
                  nciat        ve te               me. E
             spea       ion a         ache                xcep
                   king,      nd flu          r bec            tI
                          wher        ency          ause
               learn             e the        is im
                      word
                            s in a      stude portant f
                                     foreig nt will no or
                                             n acc        t
                                                    ent
Key finding
 Pronunciation outweighs all other
 considerations


         The most important aspect of being
       a language teacher in my perspective is
       having a fluent accent of that language,
          everything else would usually come
                   in second place
Key Finding

 Influence of other stakeholders



                                             ss
                                ud ent depre
                Pa rents of st           ere
                             ch er were th
                  of the tea      speakers
                     non-native
So what?

  Echoes   findings from previous studies
  Found students held some positive
   views of NNESTs, they did not view
   NNESTs positively
  Suggested there are additional factors to
   consider such as influence of 3 rd
   parties/stakeholders
  How do we teach pronunciation
Limitations

  One group of students from one
  University in the UK.

  Impossible to make broad
  generalisations from the results

  Students were self-selecting
Future Studies

  How is pronunciation taught in NEST
   and NNEST classrooms?

 Is it taught differently?
                         or
 Is this an issue of how students perceive it
   is taught?
Questions?




             ?
References
   Illes, E. (1991) Correspondence ELT Journal Vol 45/1
   Lasagabaster, D and Sierra, J. (2005) What do students think about the pros and cons of having a
    native speaker teacher? In Llurda, E. (ed) Non-native language teachers: Perceptions, challenges
    and contributions to the profession New York: Springer and Business Media
   Mahboob, A. and Lipovsky, C. (2010) Students appraisal of their native and non-native English-
    speaking teachers WATESOL NNEST Caucus Annual review. Vol 1
   Medgyes P (1994) The Non-Native Teacher Macmillian Publishers
   Medgyes, P and Benke, E (2006) Differences in teaching behavious between native and non-
    native speaker teachers:As seen by Learners in Llurda, E (ed) Non-native Language Teachers:
    Perceptions, Challenges and Contributions to the Profession New York: Springer and Business
    Media
   Moussu, L. (2002) English as a Second Langauge students reactions to nonnative English-
    speaking Teachers MA Thesis Brigham Young University,
   Moussu, L. (2006) Native and nonnative English-speaking English as a second language
    teachers: students attitudes, teacher self-perceptions, and intensive English administrator beliefs
    and practices PH.D dissertation Purdue University, Indiana
   Selvi, A.(2010) All Teachers are Equal, but some teachers are more equal than others:trend
    analysis of job advertisements in English Language Teaching WATESOL NNEST Caucus Annual
    Review  Vol 1
Ad

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NESTs: Do they rule the roost?

  • 1. NESTs: Do they rule the roost? International Foundation Students Perceptions on Native and Non-Native English Language Teachers Hazel McAllister Leeds Metropolitan University
  • 2. Content The Question First Spark Previous Research The Study What Students had to Say (Results) Discussion Your questions
  • 3. The Question What are the perceptions of UK university foundation students towards NESTs and NNESTs?
  • 4. First Spark nts: aker n e ker ded i irem e spe Spea Nee esia Requ ativ ive chers ndon a) N ril/2012 Nat Tea ta, I 12 r 0 8/Ap aka pril/2 J A 10/ Requireme nts: - Native sp eak from UK, Uers Canada, SA, Australia, N Zealand, ew Ireland & S 8/April/201 A 2 ndidakerte: ca r idtealEnglish spea Ou na ive A 012 8/April/2
  • 5. First Spark (continued) Selvi (2010) on two online TEFL jobsites showed over 60% stated nativeness as a job requirement Illes (1991) Managers are responding to sts demand Medgyes (1994) Schools use NESTs as a status badge. To recruit more students.
  • 6. What is a NEST? Definition is problematic
  • 7. Previous Research 1 Students rate professional skills such as preparation and motivating students as more important than language skills. (Cheung, 2002) Students would prefer to have both NESTs and NNESTs teaching them (Lasagabaster and Sierra, 2005) Students recognise that NESTs and NNESTs have different strengths and weaknesses. (Mahboobs,2003, cited in Lipovsky and Mahboob, 2010)
  • 8. Previous Research 2 NESTs NNESTs (+) pronunciation (+) Learning strategy and cultural knowledge of knowledge students L1 (-) lack of knowledge (-) pronunciation of the students L1 and teaching ability (Lasagabaster and Sierra, 2005)
  • 9. Previous Research 3 Teaching behaviour is statistically different between the two groups NNEST structured approach to grammar NEST more capable of encouraging speaking Medgyes and Benke (2006)
  • 10. The Study Some students think that only native English speakers can be good English language teachers. Others think that non-native English speakers can also be efficient teachers. What is your opinion about this issue? Please feel free to provide personal details and examples. Adapted from Mahboob and Lipovsky (2010)
  • 11. The Study Full-timeinternational foundation course students (approx 80 students) Total participants: 8 Male 5 Female 3 IELTS 5+ All had NNESTs &NESTs Arabic and European L1s
  • 12. What Students Had to Say its b et t er l speak earning w ers b ith na Pronu ecause o tive o nciati f has n on na tive is d only The ntage an a disadv vantage ad s ssion nt teachin g r expre m e ore confid ure riche t about cul
  • 13. What Students Had to Say nativ e t ea exper cher ience have no y [know] in tea do not reall e ching a bout th age ything u an h er lang ake ts mot m studen ds which can un r backgro ing easier fo learn stu dents l ut y to p ents le ss like to stud in elves s thems shoe
  • 14. What Students Had to Say The more langu y also le e have hing. steps age s o the arne d the - nativ in teac and h y kno Non ence the s ow to w the i e xper tuden think as o t thin k. r e als rity a ore e majo any m o th e of m ing t aw ar f learn The best method to improve ues o non- te chniq speak your Eng lish is to start with can native spe aker because they understan d us/they pass the same thing like us
  • 15. What Students Had to Say e in g it can b Wh en speak kes with a gram mar mist NNS r ard fo t Do It is very h hen i not w o f them cul have some mes t o ture e co bac qual ciation kgr Eng p ronun oun lish d.
  • 16. Key Finding Tendency to have a preference for NEST over NNEST The non-native can be more efficient in teaching but in my opinion native teachers are always better
  • 17. Key finding Not a homogenous group The ri matter ght qua a re m o lificatio non-na re impo ns and tive]. If rtant th experie he or s a perso an [bei nce he will n has t ng nati be an e he righ ve or same xcellen t educa probab t native ility of s t teacher wit ion, uccess h and no n-nativ for both the e spea kers
  • 18. Key Finding Pronunciation seems to be the real crux of the issue and outweighs all other considerations The spea bene ker in fit of my o nativ pinio e or prefe n is t non-n pronu r nati he sa ative nciat ve te me. E spea ion a ache xcep king, nd flu r bec tI wher ency ause learn e the is im word s in a stude portant f foreig nt will no or n acc t ent
  • 19. Key finding Pronunciation outweighs all other considerations The most important aspect of being a language teacher in my perspective is having a fluent accent of that language, everything else would usually come in second place
  • 20. Key Finding Influence of other stakeholders ss ud ent depre Pa rents of st ere ch er were th of the tea speakers non-native
  • 21. So what? Echoes findings from previous studies Found students held some positive views of NNESTs, they did not view NNESTs positively Suggested there are additional factors to consider such as influence of 3 rd parties/stakeholders How do we teach pronunciation
  • 22. Limitations One group of students from one University in the UK. Impossible to make broad generalisations from the results Students were self-selecting
  • 23. Future Studies How is pronunciation taught in NEST and NNEST classrooms? Is it taught differently? or Is this an issue of how students perceive it is taught?
  • 25. References Illes, E. (1991) Correspondence ELT Journal Vol 45/1 Lasagabaster, D and Sierra, J. (2005) What do students think about the pros and cons of having a native speaker teacher? In Llurda, E. (ed) Non-native language teachers: Perceptions, challenges and contributions to the profession New York: Springer and Business Media Mahboob, A. and Lipovsky, C. (2010) Students appraisal of their native and non-native English- speaking teachers WATESOL NNEST Caucus Annual review. Vol 1 Medgyes P (1994) The Non-Native Teacher Macmillian Publishers Medgyes, P and Benke, E (2006) Differences in teaching behavious between native and non- native speaker teachers:As seen by Learners in Llurda, E (ed) Non-native Language Teachers: Perceptions, Challenges and Contributions to the Profession New York: Springer and Business Media Moussu, L. (2002) English as a Second Langauge students reactions to nonnative English- speaking Teachers MA Thesis Brigham Young University, Moussu, L. (2006) Native and nonnative English-speaking English as a second language teachers: students attitudes, teacher self-perceptions, and intensive English administrator beliefs and practices PH.D dissertation Purdue University, Indiana Selvi, A.(2010) All Teachers are Equal, but some teachers are more equal than others:trend analysis of job advertisements in English Language Teaching WATESOL NNEST Caucus Annual Review Vol 1

Editor's Notes

  • #5: According to Illes (1991) managers of such schools claim they are responding to student demand; students, they claim, prefer native English speaking teachers (NEST) (Mahboob, 2003. cited in Fathelbab, 2011) I first became interested last summer, on a discussion board the longest discussion, I was amazed at the direct discrimination teachers faced. It reminded me of the discrimination of the 50s in the UK. I asked a NNEST teacher on her opinions, did she think the different groups had different skills, because at this stage I hadnt really considered it. I also wrote a short blog post on it. And it just gives my opinion. So I was very aware of my own views bias on this, and in part thats what influenced the methodology I chose.
  • #7: intuitive generalisation of perceived differences among people (Moussu and Llurda, 2008: the dichotomy is misleading when you consider it within the world Englishes framework (Moussu and Llurda, 2008)
  • #11: 500-1,000 word essay Why? It allows the participants to highlight the topics that are meaningful to them It makes no presumptions about the kinds of answers participants might provide Minimizes the opportunity for researcher bias I could have opted to do a questionnaire, which in fact is what a lot of other researchers had done. But I was very aware of my bias. And I really wanted some data that I could be as confident as possible was not influenced by my own bias/views and thoughts. I also wanted to know exactly what it is students think and why. I wanted to get behind the headlines of a questionnaires. Students English level, Past exposure to NEST and NNEST Interest in the subject (self-selection) Cultural background Lack of triangulation with semi-structured interviews/ questionnaires Excludes those with low-level English Requires significant input from participants/motivation Snap-shot into the views of this group. The results are not generalisable
  • #13: Pronunciation this suggests its very important to students A total of 92 comments Most comments referred to NEST (51) and 44 of these were positive 37 comments were made about NNESTs, 19 were positive Language ability (42) and pronunciation (16) received the most comments
  • #17: Would be interesting to know whether this changes depending on student level There were some exceptions some said they didnt mind and didnt think it was important, but no-one said the NNEST ws preferable to a NEST unless
  • #19: Mahboob (2003) who found NNESTs received the greatest criticism for their oral sills. I find this at odds with my personal experience in the classroom when students groan at the idea of a pronunciation lesson This was what nnest were criticised for most and nest praised for most
  • #21: All of the comments in the other category expressed positive attitudes towards NEST. In this comment the student refers to an external stakeholder parents. The view of parents, who are often the ones who make the decisions about where a student will study, is rarely discussed in the literature. This comments gives us an insight into the views of one on these parents. The second comment seems to suggest that NNEST can teach you, but you must first have a good foundation in the language, which can only be attained through NESTs
  • #23: Professional/personal skills play a key role in being a good teacher. (Liang 2002, cited in Ling and Braine 2007; Cheung, 2002,cited in Moussu, 2010).
  • #24: Why is this issue of pronunciation so important to them? Is it because they feel the classroom is the only place they can practise it? Do they see it as the most important factor when learning a language? All these things require more research How do students think their pronunciation improves by having a NEST Is it by absorption? Is it by constant correction? Is it by model and drilling