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Water-Energy Nexus - Peiying Hong.pdf
- 1. Water-Energy Nexus 1 Peiying Hong King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST
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- 4. No water, no life No blue, no green - Sylvia Earle 4
- 5. Water Food Energy Drinking water treatment Wastewater treatment Transportation of water Energy generation Agriculture irrigation Water consumption by livestock Climate change 5
- 6. Energy-efficient water systems Develop efficient and sustainable water technological solutions for our future Cleaning our wastewater 6
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- 8. Cleaning wastewater 8 Screen/ Grit chamber Conventional activated sludge process Primary clarifier Secondary clarifier Disinfection Activated sludge treatment process Permeate Aerobic membrane bioreactor - The need for aeration increases energy demand - About 1 kWh/m3 for activated sludge - About 3 kWh/m3 for aerobic membrane bioreactor - 40-60% of energy consumption due to aeration
- 10. New directions: Anaerobic membrane bioreactor 10 Improved energy landscape (lower operational cost) due to elimination of aeration needs Biogas Permeate Conventional activated sludge process Primary clarifier Disinfection Permeate Biogas Anaerobic digestor Anaerobic membrane bioreactor
- 11. Anaerobic fermentation recovers methane as energy source 11 Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Polysaccharides Fatty acid Amino acids Volatile fatty acids, alcohols Hydrogen, Carbon dioxide, Ammonia Fermenters, Syntrophs Hydrogen, Acetic acid, Carbon dioxide Methane, Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen Methanogens
- 12. Improved energy landscape for AnMBR Methane, CH4 (predominant gaseous product in biogas, preferably > 65% v/v) CH4 has a caloric value of 8 kWh/m3 At 32-40% conversion rate to electrical energy, means ~ 3 kWh/m3 can be recovered Theoretical yield of methane can be estimated from COD concentration, ~ 365 mL CH4 /g COD Energy positive process 12
- 13. New directions: Anaerobic membrane bioreactor 13 Reduced sludge production (lower disposal cost) Biogas Permeate Conventional activated sludge process Primary clarifier Disinfection Permeate Biogas Anaerobic digestor Anaerobic membrane bioreactor
- 14. Lower sludge production from AnMBR Solid retention time in a conventional aerobic based treatment plant is maintained at about 20 to 40 days Estimated amount of sludge produced in conventional aerobic based treatment plant is about 35-85 g dry solids per population equivalent per day Anaerobic based treatment process prolongs the solid retention time by 3 times (120 days) Thus 3 times less volume of sludge generated = lower solid disposal costs 14
- 15. New directions: Anaerobic membrane bioreactor 15 Ammonium and phosphate retention (suitable for agriculture or landscape irrigation) Biogas Permeate Conventional activated sludge process Primary clarifier Disinfection Permeate Biogas Anaerobic digestor Anaerobic membrane bioreactor
- 16. Nutrient removal with tree pit gardens 16
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- 18. 18 Provisional U.S. Application filed April 28, 2020 | U.S. Application No. 63/016,519 | KAUST Ref: 2020-081-01 | PPB Ref: 0338-560
- 19. Water-Energy Nexus There is an energy cost associated with our water cycle Minimizing the associated energy costs is critical in achieving a smart water system Rapid development in technologies is significantly lowering the energy costs associated with water production and treatment For example, anaerobic-based treatment can clean wastewater with no additional energy costs Translation of sustainable technologies from lab to market need to progress rapidly
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