WEEK 1.INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANCIENT HISTORY
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natural science that studies non-living systems, in contrast to life science. It encompasses a broad range of fields and subjects that seek to understand the physical universe. The study of celestial objects and phenomena beyond Earth's atmosphere. Key Concepts: The Solar System: Planets, moons, and the sun. Stars and Galaxies: Life cycles of stars, types of galaxies, and cosmic distances. Cosmology: The origin, evolution, and fate of the universe. Observational Techniques: Telescopes and space probes. Earth Science Definition: The study of the Earth and its processes. Key Concepts: Geology: Earth's structure, minerals, rocks, and tectonics. Meteorology: Weather, climate, and atmospheric phenomena. Oceanography: Oceans, marine life, and oceanic processes. Environmental Science: Human impact on the environment and natural resources. Importance of Physical Science Understanding the Universe: Physical science helps us understand how the universe works, from the smallest particles to the largest galaxies. Technological Advancements: Knowledge in physical science leads to technological innovations that improve our quality of life. Problem-Solving: It provides the tools to solve practical problems in various fields like engineering, medicine, and environmental science. Critical Thinking: The study of physical science enhances analytical and critical thinking skills. Methods of Study The Scientific Method: A systematic approach to inquiry involving observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and conclusion. Mathematics: The language of physical science, used to quantify and model physical phenomena. Experimentation: Conducting controlled experiments to test hypotheses and theories. Observation: Using tools like telescopes, microscopes, and satellites to observe and collect data.
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- 4. What I know. Ptolemic Model
- 5. What I know. Oblate Spheroid
- 6. What I know. North Star
- 9. As early as 500 BC, Greeks already believed that the earths shape was round, not flat. Pythagoras first proposed the spherical Earth
- 10. What is it? Earths true shape --- OBLATE SPHEROID (bulging at the equator and squeezed poles
- 11. What is it? Anaxagoras (500 to 430 BC) supported the spherical Earth idea of Pythagoras
- 12. What is it? Aristotle (340 BC) included in his argument supporting a Spherical Earth: Position of the North Star The shape of the moon and the Sun Ships disappearing over the horizon.
- 13. What is it? How did the ancient Greeks come up with the measurement of the spherical Earth Eratosthenes measured the Earths circumference with a stick, a knowledge of the distance from Alexandria to Syene and geometry.
- 16. Greek Astronomers Anaxagoras explained the causes of the phases of the moon. Aristarchus proposed that the sun is the center of the universe.
Editor's Notes
- #9: Greeks are one of the major contributors in the different fields of knowledge. (Greek Philosopher, Scientist and Mathematicians as well) Greeks are amazing that they were able to measure the circumference of the Earth using basic geometry (stick) However, the ancient Greeks thought that the Earth is the center of the universe. The Earth is motionless and all the heavenly bodies move around the Earth.
- #11: Earth is not a perfect spheroid
- #12: Anaxagoras observed that the shadow of the Earth cast on the moon during a lunar eclipse was CIRCULAR
- #23: Moons shape depends on its position on the earth and the suns ray of light.
- #29: East to west earths rotation