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What are MINERALS?
Defined as naturally occurring,
inorganic solid with a
definite chemical
composition, and an ordered
chemical structure.
Every mineral is unique

There are about 3000 known minerals
Minerals are made of elements (either a single
element or a combination of elements)
Examples of Minerals
Native elements such as gold, a mineral made of
one element (gold…Au)
Compounds such as calcite, a mineral made of 3
elements (calcium, carbon, and oxygen…
CaCO3 )

Naturally
Occurring
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Inorganic
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Solid
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Ordered Internal
Structure
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Composition of
Minerals

Silicates


Oxides

Sulfides
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Sulfates
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Halides
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Carbonates

Native Metals
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Physical
Properties of
Minerals

Crystal form and
Habit
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Color and Streak
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Diaphaneity/
amount of
transparency
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Hardness
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Brittleness – a mineral turns to
powder

Malleability – a
mineral can
be
flattened using
a
hammer

Ductility – a mineral can be
stretched into wires

Flexible but inelastic – a
mineral can be
stretched but they
remain in its new
position
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Flexible and elastic – a
mineral can be bent and
goes back to its original
shape or position

Sectility – a mineral
can be sliced by a knife

Other
properties
Magnetism Taste
Effervescence Feel

Special Characteristics--
the “Acid Test” / Effervescence

Salty Taste
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Magnetism
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