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What are
MINERALS?
Defined as naturally occurring,
inorganic solid with a definite
chemical composition, and an
ordered chemical structure.
Every mineral is unique

There are about 3000 known minerals
Minerals are made of elements (either a single
element or a combination of elements)
Examples of Minerals
Native elements such as gold, a mineral made of
one element (gold…Au)
Compounds such as calcite, a mineral made of 3
elements (calcium, carbon, and
oxygen…CaCO3 )

Naturall
y
Occurrin
g
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Inorgani
c


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Soli
d
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Definite
Chemical
Compositio
n

Ordered
Internal
Structure
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Composition
of
Minerals
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Silicat
es


Oxide
s

Sulfide
s
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Sulfate
s


Halide
s This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under C C BY-NC-ND
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Carbonat
es

Native
Metals
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Physical
Properties
of Minerals

Crystal form and
Habit



Color and
Streak



Diaphaneity/
amount of
transparency

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Hardne
ss



Brittleness – a mineral
turns to powder

Malleability
– a mineral
can be
flattened using
a
hammer

Ductility – a mineral can
be stretched into wires

Flexible but inelastic
– a mineral can be
stretched but they
remain in its new
position
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Flexible and elastic –
a mineral can be
bent and goes back to
its original shape or
position

Sectility – a
mineral can be
sliced by a knife

Other
properti
es
Magnetism Taste
Effervescence Feel

Special Characteristics--
the “Acid Test” /
Effervescence

Special
Characteristics--
Salty Taste



Special
Characteristics--
Magnetism



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