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Life after Leveson
George Brock
Professor and Head of Journalism
City University London
The Hidden Cost of Free Comment
World Editors Forum, Bangkok, June 2013
Whod be a judge judging journalism?
Lord Justice Leveson Ray Finkelstein QC
Phone-hacking in the UKbut inquiries
held across the English-speaking world
 South Africa: worries about the new press law
(also Ghana NMC)
 New Zealand: worries about new media and
law
 Australia: press regulation and
concentration/plurality (+ separate
convergence inquiry)
 Britain: 2-part (?) Leveson Inquiry triggered by
phone-hacking
Why was all this happening? (1)
 Law-breaking
 Privacy concerns
 Self-regulation failing
 Ownership concentration
 New legal dilemmas driven by
new technology
Why was all this happening? (2)
 Some newspapers driven by economic
desperation (NB decline is a long trend)
 Law enforcement failed
 Increases in the velocity and volume of
information
 Is the definition of (a) privacy and (b) journalism
changed by technology?
 Is there any longer the press?
 Revisiting freedom of the press.
Is this an attack on press freedom?
 Sometimes, but not necessarily so
 There is no such thing as absolute press
freedom
 All societies balance freedom and restraint
 Asking if the balance is right or needs re-
tuning is a legitimate social and political
question
 Journalists shouldnt run away from it
This man has attacked press freedom
(and intends to continue)
This is not quite the same thing
2000 pages, 50+
recommendations
A messy parliamentary
deal which may not stick
Leveson in 30 seconds
 Operation Motorman
 Scandal revealed by journalists
 Phone-hacking: 5,000+ names found
 3 Scotland Yard inquiries
 Almost 60 people charged with crime (mostly
journalists)300m emails searched.
 Celebrities feature little in the report
 Trials begin SeptemberLeveson part 2?
What Leveson actually said
 Who guards the guards?
 Dilemma: self-regulation but uninfluenced by
bosses
 Preoccupied with lobbying power of popular
paper companies
 Arbitration, not courts
 Regulation must have quality control =
recognition body
 Last resort: could be Ofcom
 Not state regulation but not freedom either
The post-Leveson deal
 2 rival Royal Charters
 Vengeful lords
 Court cases to come
 Exemplary damages
Find your way through this
The Leveson effect
 Popular papers are now (a bit) more careful
More Leveson effects
 A very full recordcatharsis
 Phone-hacking+Leveson+trials = a public
humiliation for News Corp
What Leveson didnt do
(and what he might have done better)
 Look at the disruption of mainstream
media and what it means for law and
regulation
 Look at technology and privacy and
law
 Look at law and regulation combined
The issues will come up
again, elsewhere. So read on
 Out of Print published in
September
 www.georgebrock.net
 @georgeprof
 際際滷share: georgeprof
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Life After Leveson

  • 1. Life after Leveson George Brock Professor and Head of Journalism City University London The Hidden Cost of Free Comment World Editors Forum, Bangkok, June 2013
  • 2. Whod be a judge judging journalism? Lord Justice Leveson Ray Finkelstein QC
  • 3. Phone-hacking in the UKbut inquiries held across the English-speaking world South Africa: worries about the new press law (also Ghana NMC) New Zealand: worries about new media and law Australia: press regulation and concentration/plurality (+ separate convergence inquiry) Britain: 2-part (?) Leveson Inquiry triggered by phone-hacking
  • 4. Why was all this happening? (1) Law-breaking Privacy concerns Self-regulation failing Ownership concentration New legal dilemmas driven by new technology
  • 5. Why was all this happening? (2) Some newspapers driven by economic desperation (NB decline is a long trend) Law enforcement failed Increases in the velocity and volume of information Is the definition of (a) privacy and (b) journalism changed by technology? Is there any longer the press? Revisiting freedom of the press.
  • 6. Is this an attack on press freedom? Sometimes, but not necessarily so There is no such thing as absolute press freedom All societies balance freedom and restraint Asking if the balance is right or needs re- tuning is a legitimate social and political question Journalists shouldnt run away from it
  • 7. This man has attacked press freedom (and intends to continue)
  • 8. This is not quite the same thing 2000 pages, 50+ recommendations A messy parliamentary deal which may not stick
  • 9. Leveson in 30 seconds Operation Motorman Scandal revealed by journalists Phone-hacking: 5,000+ names found 3 Scotland Yard inquiries Almost 60 people charged with crime (mostly journalists)300m emails searched. Celebrities feature little in the report Trials begin SeptemberLeveson part 2?
  • 10. What Leveson actually said Who guards the guards? Dilemma: self-regulation but uninfluenced by bosses Preoccupied with lobbying power of popular paper companies Arbitration, not courts Regulation must have quality control = recognition body Last resort: could be Ofcom Not state regulation but not freedom either
  • 11. The post-Leveson deal 2 rival Royal Charters Vengeful lords Court cases to come Exemplary damages
  • 12. Find your way through this
  • 13. The Leveson effect Popular papers are now (a bit) more careful
  • 14. More Leveson effects A very full recordcatharsis Phone-hacking+Leveson+trials = a public humiliation for News Corp
  • 15. What Leveson didnt do (and what he might have done better) Look at the disruption of mainstream media and what it means for law and regulation Look at technology and privacy and law Look at law and regulation combined
  • 16. The issues will come up again, elsewhere. So read on
  • 17. Out of Print published in September www.georgebrock.net @georgeprof 際際滷share: georgeprof