際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo

Westward expansion after the civil war

Download as PPTX, PDF
Blake Harris
Blake Harris

Class PPT

1 of 24
Downloaded 49 times
WESTWARD EXPANSION AFTER THE CIVIL WAR EQ: How was America transformed as a result of westward expansion?
MINING Even though the California Gold Rush was over, people were still trying to get rich Gold was found at Pikes Peak in the Colorado Rockies Most gold was underground, therefore mining became a huge business A larger company would have greater success at finding gold than an individual
MINING Gold and silver strikes created boomtowns Miners made money quickly and quickly gambled it away Once all of the ore from the mines was gone, booms became busts and boomtowns became ghost towns As gold and silver mining decreased, mining for other metals such as copper, lead, and zinc increased
RAILROADS Transportation was vital to mining Metals had little value unless they could be transported Government gave subsidies (money) and land grants to railroad companies
A TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD In the 1850s railroad companies searched for a route to connect the Atlantic and Pacific coasts This was an enormous challenge- 1,700 miles of track across the country Two companies: 1.) Central Pacific Company and 2.) Union Pacific Company Central Pacific would begin in Sacramento, CA and work east Union Pacific would begin in Omaha, NE and work west (this would connect to existing railroads in the east) Work was very difficult and pay was low Most Union Pacific workers were Irish immigrants and African Americans Most Central Pacific immigrants were Chinese A specific crew of immigrants from both sides completed the last 10 miles in 12 hours to finish in time for the ceremony The two tracks met at Promontory Summit, Utah Leland Stanford, governor of California drove a final golden spike that completed the project.
A TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD
THE CATTLE BUSINESS Ranchers in places like Texas were herding wild longhorn cattle as a business Most of Texas was on the open range. In open range, cattle roam freely regardless of who owns the land Demand for beef was high in big cities ($40 per head of cattle) Ranchers would take drive cattle for hundreds of miles to reach railroads (long drives) Towns would pop up at the end of cattle drives, near railroads. These were called cow towns
COWHANDS (COWBOYS) Cowhands rode all day in all kinds of weather Faced many dangers including violent storms, rustlers who tried to steal cattle, and stampedes Many were Civil War veterans who moved west for a better life Some were Native Americans Western cowhands of Hispanic ethnicity were called vaqueros Vaqueros introduced riding, roping, and branding Nat (Nate) Love was one of the most famous He was a former slave
THE HOMESTEAD ACT This was passed to encourage settlement on the Great Plains Up to 160 acres were given to a family who agrees to pay a $10 fee and agree to live on the land for 5 years Later laws increased the amount of land given Some women and African Americans claimed homesteads as well African Americans would claim land to escape mistreatment in the South Not all settlers were homesteaders. Some bought land at a very cheap price.
LIFE ON THE GREAT PLAINS Wood was scarce because there weren't many trees Settlers built their houses out of sod (packed soil) Extreme climate was a challenge. Some years would be extremely dry and during some years, it would flood During drought, brushfires would spread Summer would bring clouds of grasshoppers, which would destroy crops Winters could be cold and snowy, so families had to store food Everyone in the family would work, therefore children couldnt attend school regularly
NEW FARMING METHODS Farmers were called sodbusters They developed new methods and tools Dry farming- trapping limited moisture in the soil. They would accomplish this by plowing right after rainfall John Deere invented the steel plow to cut through tough layers of sod
OTHER INVENTIONS Six-shooter: Invented by Samuel Colt. It was used by both sides in the Civil War and by the U.S. Army in conflicts with Native Americans Barbed-wire: Used instead of wood to build fences Windmills: Used wind energy to pump water from deep wells
CONFLICTS WITH NATIVE AMERICANS 1867- The Indian Peace Commission developed a policy for moving all Native Americans to a few large reservations Government gave themselves the authority to use military force on groups that refused to move
LIFE ON A RESERVATION Reservations were managed by the federal Bureau of Indian Affairs Most of the land was unfit for farming and hunting Government failed to deliver quality goods and supplies that they promised Native Americans began to believe that conflict was the only answer
LITTLE BIGHORN Many conflicts had occurred between the Great Plains Indians (Sioux, Cheyenne, Arapaho) and the military A treaty in 1868 was supposed to bring peace w/ Sioux but more conflict erupted over white settlement of the Black Hills in North and South Dakota The U.S. promised no white person or persons shall be permitted to settle in the Black Hills Rumors began to spread about gold in the Black Hills
LITTLE BIGHORN The government tried to buy the Black Hills Sioux chief, Sitting Bull, refused I do not want to sell any landNot even as much as this- Sitting Bull as hes holding a pinch of dust
LITTLE BIGHORN In June of 1876, Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse gathered Sioux and Cheyenne warriors along the Little Bighorn River U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer arrived w/ 250 soldiers Custers men faced THOUSANDS of warriors, but he still attacked Custer and almost all of his men were killed (Custers Last Stand)
SITTING BULL AFTER LITTLE BIGHORN The Sioux continued to fight after Little Bighorn but the disappearance of buffalo made life difficult Sitting Bull worked in a traveling Wild West Show operated by Buffalo Bill Cody
GERONIMO Born in Mexico Led his people (Apache) against colonization of land against both Mexican and U.S. settlers After the Apache were moved to Arizona, he led raids on behalf of his people He finally surrendered in 1886
CHIEF JOSEPH 1877- The U.S. ordered the Nez Perce to move to a reservation in Idaho or be removed by force Chief Joseph decided to leave, but before he could act, a small group from his tribe attacked and killed settlers Chief Joseph and others fled to Canada, knowing they had no chance against the U.S. Army The U.S. Army surrounded the Nez Perce and blocked them from getting food or water Chief Joseph final surrendered and uttered the famous words, From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.
WOUNDED KNEE 1889- western Native Americans were performing a ceremony called the Ghost Dance celebrating hope for the day where settlers would disappear and the buffalo would return The U.S. government began to get worried so they banned the Ghost Dance movement Officials blamed Sitting Bull and tried to arrest him During a scuffle, Sitting Bull was shot and killed
WOUNDED KNEE After Sitting Bulls death, several hundred armed Sioux gathered at Wounded Knee Creek The U.S. sent troops to Wounded Knee to collect weapons from the Sioux Somehow a gun went off and the army returned fire 200 Sioux and 25 soldiers were killed
ASSIMILATION Assimilation- blending Native Americans into white society Young Native Americans were sent to boarding schools to learn European American ways They were taught how to dress and act like European American children They were taught English and forbidden to speak their native language Many were given European American names
DAWES ACT Authorized the president to divide Native American land into individual allotments for Native Americans Those who separated from the tribe and accepted the allotments were granted citizenship This was meant to assimilate Native Americans into European-American lifestyles Excess reservation land after allotments were sold (even to non- Native Americans)

More Related Content

Westward expansion after the civil war

  • 1. WESTWARD EXPANSION AFTER THE CIVIL WAR EQ: How was America transformed as a result of westward expansion?
  • 2. MINING Even though the California Gold Rush was over, people were still trying to get rich Gold was found at Pikes Peak in the Colorado Rockies Most gold was underground, therefore mining became a huge business A larger company would have greater success at finding gold than an individual
  • 3. MINING Gold and silver strikes created boomtowns Miners made money quickly and quickly gambled it away Once all of the ore from the mines was gone, booms became busts and boomtowns became ghost towns As gold and silver mining decreased, mining for other metals such as copper, lead, and zinc increased
  • 4. RAILROADS Transportation was vital to mining Metals had little value unless they could be transported Government gave subsidies (money) and land grants to railroad companies
  • 5. A TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD In the 1850s railroad companies searched for a route to connect the Atlantic and Pacific coasts This was an enormous challenge- 1,700 miles of track across the country Two companies: 1.) Central Pacific Company and 2.) Union Pacific Company Central Pacific would begin in Sacramento, CA and work east Union Pacific would begin in Omaha, NE and work west (this would connect to existing railroads in the east) Work was very difficult and pay was low Most Union Pacific workers were Irish immigrants and African Americans Most Central Pacific immigrants were Chinese A specific crew of immigrants from both sides completed the last 10 miles in 12 hours to finish in time for the ceremony The two tracks met at Promontory Summit, Utah Leland Stanford, governor of California drove a final golden spike that completed the project.
  • 7. THE CATTLE BUSINESS Ranchers in places like Texas were herding wild longhorn cattle as a business Most of Texas was on the open range. In open range, cattle roam freely regardless of who owns the land Demand for beef was high in big cities ($40 per head of cattle) Ranchers would take drive cattle for hundreds of miles to reach railroads (long drives) Towns would pop up at the end of cattle drives, near railroads. These were called cow towns
  • 8. COWHANDS (COWBOYS) Cowhands rode all day in all kinds of weather Faced many dangers including violent storms, rustlers who tried to steal cattle, and stampedes Many were Civil War veterans who moved west for a better life Some were Native Americans Western cowhands of Hispanic ethnicity were called vaqueros Vaqueros introduced riding, roping, and branding Nat (Nate) Love was one of the most famous He was a former slave
  • 9. THE HOMESTEAD ACT This was passed to encourage settlement on the Great Plains Up to 160 acres were given to a family who agrees to pay a $10 fee and agree to live on the land for 5 years Later laws increased the amount of land given Some women and African Americans claimed homesteads as well African Americans would claim land to escape mistreatment in the South Not all settlers were homesteaders. Some bought land at a very cheap price.
  • 10. LIFE ON THE GREAT PLAINS Wood was scarce because there weren't many trees Settlers built their houses out of sod (packed soil) Extreme climate was a challenge. Some years would be extremely dry and during some years, it would flood During drought, brushfires would spread Summer would bring clouds of grasshoppers, which would destroy crops Winters could be cold and snowy, so families had to store food Everyone in the family would work, therefore children couldnt attend school regularly
  • 11. NEW FARMING METHODS Farmers were called sodbusters They developed new methods and tools Dry farming- trapping limited moisture in the soil. They would accomplish this by plowing right after rainfall John Deere invented the steel plow to cut through tough layers of sod
  • 12. OTHER INVENTIONS Six-shooter: Invented by Samuel Colt. It was used by both sides in the Civil War and by the U.S. Army in conflicts with Native Americans Barbed-wire: Used instead of wood to build fences Windmills: Used wind energy to pump water from deep wells
  • 13. CONFLICTS WITH NATIVE AMERICANS 1867- The Indian Peace Commission developed a policy for moving all Native Americans to a few large reservations Government gave themselves the authority to use military force on groups that refused to move
  • 14. LIFE ON A RESERVATION Reservations were managed by the federal Bureau of Indian Affairs Most of the land was unfit for farming and hunting Government failed to deliver quality goods and supplies that they promised Native Americans began to believe that conflict was the only answer
  • 15. LITTLE BIGHORN Many conflicts had occurred between the Great Plains Indians (Sioux, Cheyenne, Arapaho) and the military A treaty in 1868 was supposed to bring peace w/ Sioux but more conflict erupted over white settlement of the Black Hills in North and South Dakota The U.S. promised no white person or persons shall be permitted to settle in the Black Hills Rumors began to spread about gold in the Black Hills
  • 16. LITTLE BIGHORN The government tried to buy the Black Hills Sioux chief, Sitting Bull, refused I do not want to sell any landNot even as much as this- Sitting Bull as hes holding a pinch of dust
  • 17. LITTLE BIGHORN In June of 1876, Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse gathered Sioux and Cheyenne warriors along the Little Bighorn River U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer arrived w/ 250 soldiers Custers men faced THOUSANDS of warriors, but he still attacked Custer and almost all of his men were killed (Custers Last Stand)
  • 18. SITTING BULL AFTER LITTLE BIGHORN The Sioux continued to fight after Little Bighorn but the disappearance of buffalo made life difficult Sitting Bull worked in a traveling Wild West Show operated by Buffalo Bill Cody
  • 19. GERONIMO Born in Mexico Led his people (Apache) against colonization of land against both Mexican and U.S. settlers After the Apache were moved to Arizona, he led raids on behalf of his people He finally surrendered in 1886
  • 20. CHIEF JOSEPH 1877- The U.S. ordered the Nez Perce to move to a reservation in Idaho or be removed by force Chief Joseph decided to leave, but before he could act, a small group from his tribe attacked and killed settlers Chief Joseph and others fled to Canada, knowing they had no chance against the U.S. Army The U.S. Army surrounded the Nez Perce and blocked them from getting food or water Chief Joseph final surrendered and uttered the famous words, From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.
  • 21. WOUNDED KNEE 1889- western Native Americans were performing a ceremony called the Ghost Dance celebrating hope for the day where settlers would disappear and the buffalo would return The U.S. government began to get worried so they banned the Ghost Dance movement Officials blamed Sitting Bull and tried to arrest him During a scuffle, Sitting Bull was shot and killed
  • 22. WOUNDED KNEE After Sitting Bulls death, several hundred armed Sioux gathered at Wounded Knee Creek The U.S. sent troops to Wounded Knee to collect weapons from the Sioux Somehow a gun went off and the army returned fire 200 Sioux and 25 soldiers were killed
  • 23. ASSIMILATION Assimilation- blending Native Americans into white society Young Native Americans were sent to boarding schools to learn European American ways They were taught how to dress and act like European American children They were taught English and forbidden to speak their native language Many were given European American names
  • 24. DAWES ACT Authorized the president to divide Native American land into individual allotments for Native Americans Those who separated from the tribe and accepted the allotments were granted citizenship This was meant to assimilate Native Americans into European-American lifestyles Excess reservation land after allotments were sold (even to non- Native Americans)