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What Happened To The 4 River Civilizations

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The document discusses the origins and developments of several ancient river civilizations and world religions. It describes how Indo-European groups migrated and settled in Europe and India between 2000-1000 BCE, influencing civilizations like the Minoans, Phoenicians, and Aryans. It then summarizes the origins and key beliefs of Hinduism, Judaism, and Buddhism between 1200-500 BCE, noting how their foundations were linked to political, cultural, and economic changes during interactions between civilizations in Asia, Europe and the Mediterranean.

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What happens to the 4 River Civilizations? When civilizations meet.
Indo-Europeans Migrate Groups of nomadic people from the Caucus Mtn. steppes driven from Mesopotamia and Indus Valley. Settle in Eastern and Western Europe, India. Why? We don’t know.
Mesopotamia and Egypt Hittites: 2000 BCE: Occupy Anatolia (Turkey). 1650 BCE: Hattusas. Occupy Babylon, struggle with the Egyptians. Culture: Borrow. Technology: Chariots – iron ore and lumber 1190 BCE: Fall.
Mesopotamia Minoans: 2000 -1400 BCE. Lived on Crete, seafaring. Facilitate trade (between Asia Minor [Turkey], Europe, and the Middle East). 1470 BCE: Earthquake
Mesopotamia Phoenicians: 1100 BCE: Take over from the Minoans. Superior traders, merchant vessels. Connect Africa, Europe, and Asia.
Indus Valley Aryans: 2000 BCE: Settle in the Northwest Indus Valley. Vedas – sacred literature. Caste System: Brahmins, warriors, landowners, peasants or traders. Varna. 1000 BCE: Arrive in India; Magadha. 2 BCE: Magadha is modern India.
China Nothing! Why? Geography. Stable political, social, and economic landscape. Shang  Zhou lasts until 256 BCE.
The Birth of World Religions A metaphor for when civilizations meet.
Proof Given: World religions resulted from more sophisticated civilization, trade, and intermingling of the 4 River Civilizations. If: Religious beliefs are non-material culture. Religious icons and edifices are material culture. Religious texts are primary sources. Then: World religions can tell us the political, economic, and cultural events, individuals, and ideas from their historical time period.
Hinduism Date of Origin:1200 – 700 BCE. Area of Origin: India/Aryan Invasion Founders: Multiple founders. Beliefs: Holy Book: Vedas, Puranas, among others. Reincarnation. Enlightenment is achieved if you are free from earthly desires. Freedom from earthly desires comes from a lifetime of worship, knowledge, and virtuous acts.
Hinduism 1600 – 1000 BCE: Aryan invasions. 1500 – 1000 BCE: Vedic Age: Political: Expand to the Ganges Valley. Cultural: Sanskrit. Vedas. 1028: Rig-Veda.
Hinduism 1000 – 600 BCE: Epic Age: Poltical: Village organization: Chiefs  patriarch  children. Villages responsible for defense and regulation. Caste system? Cultural: Mahabrata, Ramanya, and the Upanishads. Caste system (varnas): Aryans vs. indigenous? Economic: Caste system
Judaism Date of Origin: 1200 BCE. Area of Origin: Mediterranean, Israel. Founders: Abraham. Beliefs: Holy Book: The Torah. One god. People are accountable for their sins. People serve god by studying the Torah and living by its teaching.
Judaism 1200 BCE: The Jews settle in Israel. Lose and regain independence several times: Abraham – Canaan. Egypt. Moses and Exodus. 63 BCE: Romans seize the state outright.
Buddhism Date of Origin: 500 BCE. Area of Origin: India  China, East Asia Founder: Siddharatha Gautama, The Buddha Beliefs: Holy Book: Perfection of Wisdom Sutra, among others. People achieve nirvana (complete peace and happiness) by eliminating their attachment to worldly things. Nirvana is reached by following the eightfold path: Right livelihood. Right endeavor. Right mindfulness Right meditation. Right views. Right aspiration. Right speech. Right conduct.
Buddhism 563 BCE: Indian prince named Siddartha Gautama born. Brahman opposition. Hinduism adapts with mysticism. Spread to southeast Asia, Sri Lanka. Indian pockets.

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What Happened To The 4 River Civilizations

  • 1. What happens to the 4 River Civilizations? When civilizations meet.
  • 2. Indo-Europeans Migrate Groups of nomadic people from the Caucus Mtn. steppes driven from Mesopotamia and Indus Valley. Settle in Eastern and Western Europe, India. Why? We don’t know.
  • 3. Mesopotamia and Egypt Hittites: 2000 BCE: Occupy Anatolia (Turkey). 1650 BCE: Hattusas. Occupy Babylon, struggle with the Egyptians. Culture: Borrow. Technology: Chariots – iron ore and lumber 1190 BCE: Fall.
  • 4. Mesopotamia Minoans: 2000 -1400 BCE. Lived on Crete, seafaring. Facilitate trade (between Asia Minor [Turkey], Europe, and the Middle East). 1470 BCE: Earthquake
  • 5. Mesopotamia Phoenicians: 1100 BCE: Take over from the Minoans. Superior traders, merchant vessels. Connect Africa, Europe, and Asia.
  • 6. Indus Valley Aryans: 2000 BCE: Settle in the Northwest Indus Valley. Vedas – sacred literature. Caste System: Brahmins, warriors, landowners, peasants or traders. Varna. 1000 BCE: Arrive in India; Magadha. 2 BCE: Magadha is modern India.
  • 7. China Nothing! Why? Geography. Stable political, social, and economic landscape. Shang  Zhou lasts until 256 BCE.
  • 8. The Birth of World Religions A metaphor for when civilizations meet.
  • 9. Proof Given: World religions resulted from more sophisticated civilization, trade, and intermingling of the 4 River Civilizations. If: Religious beliefs are non-material culture. Religious icons and edifices are material culture. Religious texts are primary sources. Then: World religions can tell us the political, economic, and cultural events, individuals, and ideas from their historical time period.
  • 10. Hinduism Date of Origin:1200 – 700 BCE. Area of Origin: India/Aryan Invasion Founders: Multiple founders. Beliefs: Holy Book: Vedas, Puranas, among others. Reincarnation. Enlightenment is achieved if you are free from earthly desires. Freedom from earthly desires comes from a lifetime of worship, knowledge, and virtuous acts.
  • 11. Hinduism 1600 – 1000 BCE: Aryan invasions. 1500 – 1000 BCE: Vedic Age: Political: Expand to the Ganges Valley. Cultural: Sanskrit. Vedas. 1028: Rig-Veda.
  • 12. Hinduism 1000 – 600 BCE: Epic Age: Poltical: Village organization: Chiefs  patriarch  children. Villages responsible for defense and regulation. Caste system? Cultural: Mahabrata, Ramanya, and the Upanishads. Caste system (varnas): Aryans vs. indigenous? Economic: Caste system
  • 13. Judaism Date of Origin: 1200 BCE. Area of Origin: Mediterranean, Israel. Founders: Abraham. Beliefs: Holy Book: The Torah. One god. People are accountable for their sins. People serve god by studying the Torah and living by its teaching.
  • 14. Judaism 1200 BCE: The Jews settle in Israel. Lose and regain independence several times: Abraham – Canaan. Egypt. Moses and Exodus. 63 BCE: Romans seize the state outright.
  • 15. Buddhism Date of Origin: 500 BCE. Area of Origin: India  China, East Asia Founder: Siddharatha Gautama, The Buddha Beliefs: Holy Book: Perfection of Wisdom Sutra, among others. People achieve nirvana (complete peace and happiness) by eliminating their attachment to worldly things. Nirvana is reached by following the eightfold path: Right livelihood. Right endeavor. Right mindfulness Right meditation. Right views. Right aspiration. Right speech. Right conduct.
  • 16. Buddhism 563 BCE: Indian prince named Siddartha Gautama born. Brahman opposition. Hinduism adapts with mysticism. Spread to southeast Asia, Sri Lanka. Indian pockets.