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What is Cancer

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Zenaida Almodovar
Zenaida Almodovar

Cancer is a group of diseases caused by changes in genes that control cell growth. Normally, cells grow and divide as needed by the body but cancer occurs when this process goes wrong and new cells form when unneeded. The most common cancer is skin cancer due to sun exposure. Lung cancer causes the most cancer deaths because of cigarette smoking. Common signs of cancer include lumps, skin changes, persistent coughs or difficulty swallowing. Cancer is typically treated through surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone or biological therapy.

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WHAT IS CANCER? Zenaida Almodovar 8th Grade Unity Middle School Livestrong at School Questions and Answers About Cancer
WHAT IS CANCER? • Cancer is a group of more than 100 related diseases that begin in cells, the body’s basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. N • Normally, cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this process goes wrong. • Then, new cells from when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. • Cancer is not contagious.
WHAT IS A ? or growth is when the extra cells from a mass of tissue. • Not all tumors are cancerous, tumors can be benign. or malignant Benign Malignant It is not cancer. It can be removed through a minor surgery and in most cases they do not come back. It will stop growing. It is cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order. Cancer cells are invade and destroy the tissue around them. Moving widespread is metastasis get away from tumor and get into blood or lymph nodes.
WHAT CAUSES CANCER? • Cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. We do not know the cause of all types of cancer. • Gene change are inherited from one or both parents. For instance, 50% chance of getting breast cancer if one parent came down with it. • Lifestyle and environmental factors can change normal genes that allow the growth of cancer. • Tobacco use • Diet • Exposure of the sun • Exposure of carcinogens (cancer-causing substances) in the environment. Such as pesticides, virus, bacteria, etc. • Radiation such as x-rays in a dentist office.
CANCER BEGINS • It starts 1/20 of the width of a piece of a hair. • Million cells clumped to the size of a pinhead. • Billion cells can be seen but it’s 2 1/2 years size of a grape. • Biopsy is the process of the removal piece of a tissue from the tumor. • Then it sent to the laboratory for testing.
CAN CANCER BE PREVENTED? • People can reduce their risk (chance) of developing some types of cancer by: Types of Prevention Not using tobacco products, such as cigarettes or chewing tobacco. Choosing foods with less fat and by eating more vegetables, fruits and whole grains: High fat intake (1/3 cancer death) (correlation with fat intake and cancer death) Exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy weight Avoiding the harmful rays of the sun, using sunscreen and wearing clothing that protects the skin. Avoiding the harmful rays of the sun, using sunscreen and wearing clothing that protects the skin. Talking with a doctor about the possible benefits of taking drugs that may reduce the risk of certain cancers.
WHO GETS CANCER? • The age of 55 • 10.5 million cancer survivors living in the United States. • Second leading cause of death in this country. • 77% of all cancers are diagnosed in people over the age of 55. • About .014 of children under the age of 15 are diagnosed with cancer each year. • About 64% of all people diagnosed with cancer will be alive 5 years of diagnosis.
WHAT TYPE OF CANCER IS THE MOST COMMON? • Skin cancer is the most common of all cancers. • Why? • Each year, there is 600,000 new skin cancer (dark or multi-colored skin, changing in size not same all over. • Sunlight exposure is by far the most significant risk factor for several types of skin cancer. • Prevention to reduce the harmful effects of excessive sun exposure: • Avoid sun exposure at peak hours of the day (10 a.m. to 2 p.m.) • Wearing protective hats and clothing. • Proper use of sunscreen
WHAT TYPE OF CANCER CAUSES THE MOST DEATH? • Lung Cancer is the number one cancer killer in the United States among both men and women. • Cigarette smoking causes 82% of these deaths as well as deaths from several other types of cancer. • Smoking is responsible for more than 400,000 deaths each year in the United States. • Worst genetic damage to lungs were youngest smokers (when they started at a young age) • Lung were not fully developed – more susceptible to long- term damage.
WHAT ARE SOME OF THE COMMON SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CANCER? • Symptoms or side effects • New thickening or lump in the breast of any part of the body • New Mole or an obvious change in the appearance of an existing wart or mole • A sore that does not heal • Nagging cough or hoarseness • Changes in bowel or bladder habits • Persistent indigestion or difficulty swallowing • Unexplained weight loss or weight gain • Unusual bleeding or discharge
HOW IS CANCER TREATED? Surgery is an operation to remove cancer Radiation Therapy Radiotherapy: Uses high-enery rays to kill cancer cells in a targeted area of the body. Side effects: nausea, hard to swallow Chemotherapy: Is the use of drugs that kill cancer cells throughout the body. Healthy cells can also be harmed. The doctor may one drug or a combination of drugs. Fatigue, poor appetite, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and mouth and lip sores. Hair loos is a common side effect of chemotherapy. Hormone Therapy: It is used to treat certain cancers that depend on hormones for their growth. It works by keeping cancer cells from getting or using hormones they need to grow. Another ovaries may be removed to treat breast cancer or the testicles may be removed to treat prostrate cancer. Biological Therapy: It the usage of body’s own immune system to fight disease and to lessen some of the side effects of cancer treatment.
WHO SMOKES CIGARETTES? • The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report that 42 million were cigarette smokers in 2012. That is 18% of all adults. A bit under 1 in 5 people. Race/Ethnicity Numbers Whites 19.7% African Americans 18.1% Hispanics 12.5% American Indians/Alaska Natives 21.8% Asian Americans 10.7% Multi-racial people 26.1%
HIGH SCHOOL AND MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS • Nationwide, 14% of high school students were smoking cigarettes in 2012. • 13% of them are smoking cigars most of which are now small, filtered and sold in packs just like cigarettes. • Kids like them because they cost less and can have chocolate, fruit and other candy flavors • Middle school students – 4% were smoking cigarettes, and nearly 3% smoked cigars

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What is Cancer

  • 1. WHAT IS CANCER? Zenaida Almodovar 8th Grade Unity Middle School Livestrong at School Questions and Answers About Cancer
  • 2. WHAT IS CANCER? • Cancer is a group of more than 100 related diseases that begin in cells, the body’s basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. N • Normally, cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this process goes wrong. • Then, new cells from when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. • Cancer is not contagious.
  • 3. WHAT IS A ? or growth is when the extra cells from a mass of tissue. • Not all tumors are cancerous, tumors can be benign. or malignant Benign Malignant It is not cancer. It can be removed through a minor surgery and in most cases they do not come back. It will stop growing. It is cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order. Cancer cells are invade and destroy the tissue around them. Moving widespread is metastasis get away from tumor and get into blood or lymph nodes.
  • 4. WHAT CAUSES CANCER? • Cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. We do not know the cause of all types of cancer. • Gene change are inherited from one or both parents. For instance, 50% chance of getting breast cancer if one parent came down with it. • Lifestyle and environmental factors can change normal genes that allow the growth of cancer. • Tobacco use • Diet • Exposure of the sun • Exposure of carcinogens (cancer-causing substances) in the environment. Such as pesticides, virus, bacteria, etc. • Radiation such as x-rays in a dentist office.
  • 5. CANCER BEGINS • It starts 1/20 of the width of a piece of a hair. • Million cells clumped to the size of a pinhead. • Billion cells can be seen but it’s 2 1/2 years size of a grape. • Biopsy is the process of the removal piece of a tissue from the tumor. • Then it sent to the laboratory for testing.
  • 6. CAN CANCER BE PREVENTED? • People can reduce their risk (chance) of developing some types of cancer by: Types of Prevention Not using tobacco products, such as cigarettes or chewing tobacco. Choosing foods with less fat and by eating more vegetables, fruits and whole grains: High fat intake (1/3 cancer death) (correlation with fat intake and cancer death) Exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy weight Avoiding the harmful rays of the sun, using sunscreen and wearing clothing that protects the skin. Avoiding the harmful rays of the sun, using sunscreen and wearing clothing that protects the skin. Talking with a doctor about the possible benefits of taking drugs that may reduce the risk of certain cancers.
  • 7. WHO GETS CANCER? • The age of 55 • 10.5 million cancer survivors living in the United States. • Second leading cause of death in this country. • 77% of all cancers are diagnosed in people over the age of 55. • About .014 of children under the age of 15 are diagnosed with cancer each year. • About 64% of all people diagnosed with cancer will be alive 5 years of diagnosis.
  • 8. WHAT TYPE OF CANCER IS THE MOST COMMON? • Skin cancer is the most common of all cancers. • Why? • Each year, there is 600,000 new skin cancer (dark or multi-colored skin, changing in size not same all over. • Sunlight exposure is by far the most significant risk factor for several types of skin cancer. • Prevention to reduce the harmful effects of excessive sun exposure: • Avoid sun exposure at peak hours of the day (10 a.m. to 2 p.m.) • Wearing protective hats and clothing. • Proper use of sunscreen
  • 9. WHAT TYPE OF CANCER CAUSES THE MOST DEATH? • Lung Cancer is the number one cancer killer in the United States among both men and women. • Cigarette smoking causes 82% of these deaths as well as deaths from several other types of cancer. • Smoking is responsible for more than 400,000 deaths each year in the United States. • Worst genetic damage to lungs were youngest smokers (when they started at a young age) • Lung were not fully developed – more susceptible to long- term damage.
  • 10. WHAT ARE SOME OF THE COMMON SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CANCER? • Symptoms or side effects • New thickening or lump in the breast of any part of the body • New Mole or an obvious change in the appearance of an existing wart or mole • A sore that does not heal • Nagging cough or hoarseness • Changes in bowel or bladder habits • Persistent indigestion or difficulty swallowing • Unexplained weight loss or weight gain • Unusual bleeding or discharge
  • 11. HOW IS CANCER TREATED? Surgery is an operation to remove cancer Radiation Therapy Radiotherapy: Uses high-enery rays to kill cancer cells in a targeted area of the body. Side effects: nausea, hard to swallow Chemotherapy: Is the use of drugs that kill cancer cells throughout the body. Healthy cells can also be harmed. The doctor may one drug or a combination of drugs. Fatigue, poor appetite, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and mouth and lip sores. Hair loos is a common side effect of chemotherapy. Hormone Therapy: It is used to treat certain cancers that depend on hormones for their growth. It works by keeping cancer cells from getting or using hormones they need to grow. Another ovaries may be removed to treat breast cancer or the testicles may be removed to treat prostrate cancer. Biological Therapy: It the usage of body’s own immune system to fight disease and to lessen some of the side effects of cancer treatment.
  • 12. WHO SMOKES CIGARETTES? • The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report that 42 million were cigarette smokers in 2012. That is 18% of all adults. A bit under 1 in 5 people. Race/Ethnicity Numbers Whites 19.7% African Americans 18.1% Hispanics 12.5% American Indians/Alaska Natives 21.8% Asian Americans 10.7% Multi-racial people 26.1%
  • 13. HIGH SCHOOL AND MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS • Nationwide, 14% of high school students were smoking cigarettes in 2012. • 13% of them are smoking cigars most of which are now small, filtered and sold in packs just like cigarettes. • Kids like them because they cost less and can have chocolate, fruit and other candy flavors • Middle school students – 4% were smoking cigarettes, and nearly 3% smoked cigars