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WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY?

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Annumchaudhary

This document discusses Richard Hartshorne's theory of centripetal and centrifugal forces as they relate to political geography and state integration. Centripetal forces unite a state by promoting nationalism, shared culture, religion, language, and history. They also include national heroes, icons/symbols, economic resources, infrastructure, and shared cultural elements like religion. Centrifugal forces act to pull a state apart. For a state to remain unified, centripetal forces must outweigh centrifugal forces.

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Prepared by: Anum Chaudhary
The theory of centripetal and centrifugal forces is associated with political geographer Richard Hartshorne. He argued that the integration of a states geographical area involved two competing forces.
Forces from within A state that unite it Forces that keep a country together
Centripetal forces unite a country . That country must have centripetal forces of greater magnitude than the centrifugal forces Nationalism, or the strong love of and loyalty to ones country, is also a powerful centripetal force
A strong common culture religion language history etc. A popular national hero Quaid-e-Azam In Pakistan Mao zedong In China A common outside threat a historical "enemy"
National identity is a strong centripetal force in the political dimension. A popular way of showing national identity is through the use of icons and expressions, depicted in flags, national anthems, and sports teams. These symbols reinforce a national awareness and instill in the population a sense of pride and loyalty
WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY?
Centripetal forces in the economic dimension unite a country by ensuring the population that there are sufficient resources to support the long-term stability of the state
WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY?
A first-class infrastructure would be a centripetal force in a state. When there is a good transportation system that is available to all citizens, all the resources of the country are accessible, making life easier for the everyone. The excellent railroad system in India is an example of a centripetal force in the economic dimension
The most commonly used modes of transportation in Pakistan are buses, cars, bikes and railway trains
Centripetal forces in the cultural realm can be the most powerful unifying force all. Religion and language are tied closely with culture and emote strong, sometimes overpowering feelings of unity and are examples centripetal forces within in a state. Hinduism in Nepal and India brings people together as they feel a sense of unity.
WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY?
WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY?

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WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY?

  • 2. The theory of centripetal and centrifugal forces is associated with political geographer Richard Hartshorne. He argued that the integration of a states geographical area involved two competing forces.
  • 3. Forces from within A state that unite it Forces that keep a country together
  • 4. Centripetal forces unite a country . That country must have centripetal forces of greater magnitude than the centrifugal forces Nationalism, or the strong love of and loyalty to ones country, is also a powerful centripetal force
  • 5. A strong common culture religion language history etc. A popular national hero Quaid-e-Azam In Pakistan Mao zedong In China A common outside threat a historical "enemy"
  • 6. National identity is a strong centripetal force in the political dimension. A popular way of showing national identity is through the use of icons and expressions, depicted in flags, national anthems, and sports teams. These symbols reinforce a national awareness and instill in the population a sense of pride and loyalty
  • 8. Centripetal forces in the economic dimension unite a country by ensuring the population that there are sufficient resources to support the long-term stability of the state
  • 10. A first-class infrastructure would be a centripetal force in a state. When there is a good transportation system that is available to all citizens, all the resources of the country are accessible, making life easier for the everyone. The excellent railroad system in India is an example of a centripetal force in the economic dimension
  • 11. The most commonly used modes of transportation in Pakistan are buses, cars, bikes and railway trains
  • 12. Centripetal forces in the cultural realm can be the most powerful unifying force all. Religion and language are tied closely with culture and emote strong, sometimes overpowering feelings of unity and are examples centripetal forces within in a state. Hinduism in Nepal and India brings people together as they feel a sense of unity.