What is N+1 problem? - by Fitri Ratna Dewi

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The n+1 problem in programming occurs when too many database queries are made to retrieve related information, leading to inefficiency. For example, retrieving a list of blog posts with their authors can result in 101 queries when one efficient query could suffice. Solutions include optimizing database queries, fetching all necessary data at once, and using strategies like joins or batch loading to reduce the number of database trips.

Technology

What is N+1
problem?
A simple explanation along with example in
programming terms
by Fitri Ratna Dewi

Imagine you have a big toy box full of different
kinds of toys. You want to show each toy to your
friend one by one

Every time you show a toy
Step 1
Go back to the toy
box
Step 2
Open it
Step 3
Take out one toy
Step 4
Close the box
Step 5
Show it to your friend

Now, let's say you have 100 toys. If you go back to the toy box 100
times, it takes a lot of time because you keep opening and closing the
box for each toy
This is similar to the N+1 problem in programming,
especially when dealing with databases
The problem

To solve this
Instead of making many trips, you can open the toy box
once, take out all the toys, and then show them to your
friend. It’s much faster and more efficient!

So, the N+1 problem is
when you make too many trips to get
information, and the solution is to get all the
information you need in as few trips as possible

Scenario
Imagine you have a blog platform. Each blog post has
an author. You want to display a list of blog posts
along with the author's name.
Database Tables
You have two tables in your database:
• Posts table: Each row contains details of a blog post,
including the post's ID and the author's ID.
• Authors table: Each row contains details of an author,
including the author's ID and name.

N+1 Problem Example
You write some code to display a list of blog posts with their authors. Here's what it
might look like in a typical scenario:
The problem:
• The first query gets all the posts (1 query).
• Then, for each post, you make another query to get the author's details. If there are
100 posts, that's 100 additional queries.
So, if you have 100 posts, you end up making 1 + 100 = 101 queries. This is the N+1
problem.

Solution
To fix the N+1 problem, you can fetch all the necessary data in one or a few queries.
Here's how you can do it:

The Benefit
• With this approach, you make only one query to get all the
posts and their authors
• This reduces the number of queries from 101 to just 1, making
the operation much faster and more efficient
This is a common example of the N+1 problem and how you can
solve it by optimizing your database queries to minimize the
number of trips to the database

Strategies
Fetch all necessary data in
one go using techniques
provided.
Combine data from multiple
tables in a single query.
Fetch related data in batches
rather than individually
Allows you to specify exactly
what data you need
01
03
02
04
Use JOINs Batch Loading
Eager Loading GraphQL
The general solution to handle the N+1 problem in every programming language involves optimizing
your database queries. Here are the common strategies:
In NoSQL databases like MongoDB,
you can store related data together
to avoid multiple queries
05 NoSQL Database Design

CREDITS: This presentation template was created by
�ݺ�ߣsgo, and includes icons by Flaticon, and infographics
& images by Freepik
Let’s connect
fitrirdz.github.io
@fitrirdz
Thanks!

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What is N+1 problem? - by Fitri Ratna Dewi

1. What is N+1 problem? A simple explanation along with example in programming terms by Fitri Ratna Dewi

2. Imagine you have a big toy box full of different kinds of toys. You want to show each toy to your friend one by one

3. Every time you show a toy Step 1 Go back to the toy box Step 2 Open it Step 3 Take out one toy Step 4 Close the box Step 5 Show it to your friend

4. Now, let's say you have 100 toys. If you go back to the toy box 100 times, it takes a lot of time because you keep opening and closing the box for each toy This is similar to the N+1 problem in programming, especially when dealing with databases The problem

5. To solve this Instead of making many trips, you can open the toy box once, take out all the toys, and then show them to your friend. It’s much faster and more efficient!

6. So, the N+1 problem is when you make too many trips to get information, and the solution is to get all the information you need in as few trips as possible

7. Example in programming terms

8. Scenario Imagine you have a blog platform. Each blog post has an author. You want to display a list of blog posts along with the author's name. Database Tables You have two tables in your database: • Posts table: Each row contains details of a blog post, including the post's ID and the author's ID. • Authors table: Each row contains details of an author, including the author's ID and name.

9. N+1 Problem Example You write some code to display a list of blog posts with their authors. Here's what it might look like in a typical scenario: The problem: • The first query gets all the posts (1 query). • Then, for each post, you make another query to get the author's details. If there are 100 posts, that's 100 additional queries. So, if you have 100 posts, you end up making 1 + 100 = 101 queries. This is the N+1 problem.

10. Solution To fix the N+1 problem, you can fetch all the necessary data in one or a few queries. Here's how you can do it:

11. The Benefit • With this approach, you make only one query to get all the posts and their authors • This reduces the number of queries from 101 to just 1, making the operation much faster and more efficient This is a common example of the N+1 problem and how you can solve it by optimizing your database queries to minimize the number of trips to the database

12. Strategies Fetch all necessary data in one go using techniques provided. Combine data from multiple tables in a single query. Fetch related data in batches rather than individually Allows you to specify exactly what data you need 01 03 02 04 Use JOINs Batch Loading Eager Loading GraphQL The general solution to handle the N+1 problem in every programming language involves optimizing your database queries. Here are the common strategies: In NoSQL databases like MongoDB, you can store related data together to avoid multiple queries 05 NoSQL Database Design

13. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by �ݺ�ߣsgo, and includes icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik Let’s connect fitrirdz.github.io @fitrirdz Thanks!

Editor's Notes

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What is N+1 problem? - by Fitri Ratna Dewi

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