The document discusses the new features introduced in recent versions of C#, including C# 6, 7, 7.1, and 7.2. Some of the key additions are read-only auto-properties, expression-bodied function members, null-conditional operators, tuples, ref locals and returns, local functions, and reference semantics with value types. It also provides information on what is required to use the new C# 7 features, such as installing .NET Framework 4.7 or higher.