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Why do young people have little hope in japan?

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Kazuhiko Kawasaki
Kazuhiko Kawasaki

Presentation by prof. Kenji Suzuki, Meiji University at the 16th meeting of the Project 2018 at the Stockholm School of Economics.

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1 Why do young people have little hope in Japan? Kenji Suzuki Global Japanese Studies Meiji University Hope as a measure of public policy ? The assessment of public policy with happiness has recently become popular. ? However, “happiness” (and even “life satisfaction”) may be increased by short- sighted treatments, even though it would damage long-term prosperity. ? “Hope” may be a good measure of the public assessment of long-term prosperity. Life satisfaction, 1999-2014 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Age 20-29 All ages % of those who say that they are “satisfied” or “rather satisfied” with their life. Source: Cabinet Office of Japan, National Life Survey. Suicide rate, 1989-2014 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Age 20-29 All ages Per 100,000 population Source: Cabinet Office of Japan, National Life Survey. How many people are happy? 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% South Korea France Germany Japan Sweden United Kingdom United States Completely happy Very happy Fairly happy Neither happy nor unhappy Fairly unhappy Very unhappy How many young people have hope for the future? 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Japan France Germany Korea UK Sweden US I have hope I have some hope I don't have much hope I don't have hope
2 Hope of young people by gender, Sweden and Japan 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Japan-male Japan-female Sweden-male Sweden-female I have hope I have some hope I don't have much hope I don't have hope Men suffer from gender gap more than women Rank of Gender Gap Index Difference of hope (male-female) Sweden 4 1% Germany 11 -1% France 15 1% UK 18 -1% US 28 -7% Japan 101 -11% Korea 115 -16% Hope by working status (Japan, by gender] 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Work full time Work part time Unemployed Housewife Not in education, employment or training Men Women Gap of hope between full time workers and house-husbands/ wives -50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% * Association not significant Unemployment by duration Japan Within 1 month, 19% 1-3 month s, 26% 3-6 month s, 13% 6-12 month s, 16% 1 year and over, 26% Sweden Within 1 month, 45% 1-3 month s, 25% 3-6 month s, 16% 6-12 month s, 10% 1 year and over, 5% Gap of hope between employed and unemployed -40% -35% -30% -25% -20% -15% -10% -5% 0% * Association not significant
3 Political interest of young people Japan Very interes ted, 10% Kind of interes ted, 44% Not very interes ted, 28% Not interes ted, 18% Sweden Very interes ted, 14% Kind of interes ted, 34% Not very interes ted, 33% Not interes ted, 19% “My participation may be the catalyst for some change in social phenomena that I want changed” Japan Agree, 8% Kind of agree, 30% Not really agree, 37% Not agree, 26% Sweden Agree, 19% Kind of agree, 38% Not really agree, 31% Not agree, 11% % of those who have interactions with foreign people 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Effect of interactions with foreign people on hope 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Japan US Korea France Germany UK* Sweden* * Association not significant Effect of hope on challenge spirit (Japan] 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Hope No hope Agree Kind of agree Not really agree Not agree “I am motivated to engage in things even if I am not sure they will turn out okay.” “I am motivated to engage in things even if I am not sure they will turn out okay.” Japan Agree, 9% Kind of agree, 43% Not really agree, 40% Not agree, 8% Sweden Agree, 22% Kind of agree, 44% Not really agree, 28% Not agree, 6%
4 Effect of hope on the ideal number of children (Japan] 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Hope No hope None 1 2 3+ Conclusion ? Lack of hope among young Japanese largely reflects inflexibility of various social systems in Japan. ? Improving hope among young Japanese is a key to increase the viability of the Japanese society.

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Why do young people have little hope in japan?

  • 1. 1 Why do young people have little hope in Japan? Kenji Suzuki Global Japanese Studies Meiji University Hope as a measure of public policy ? The assessment of public policy with happiness has recently become popular. ? However, “happiness” (and even “life satisfaction”) may be increased by short- sighted treatments, even though it would damage long-term prosperity. ? “Hope” may be a good measure of the public assessment of long-term prosperity. Life satisfaction, 1999-2014 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Age 20-29 All ages % of those who say that they are “satisfied” or “rather satisfied” with their life. Source: Cabinet Office of Japan, National Life Survey. Suicide rate, 1989-2014 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Age 20-29 All ages Per 100,000 population Source: Cabinet Office of Japan, National Life Survey. How many people are happy? 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% South Korea France Germany Japan Sweden United Kingdom United States Completely happy Very happy Fairly happy Neither happy nor unhappy Fairly unhappy Very unhappy How many young people have hope for the future? 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Japan France Germany Korea UK Sweden US I have hope I have some hope I don't have much hope I don't have hope
  • 2. 2 Hope of young people by gender, Sweden and Japan 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Japan-male Japan-female Sweden-male Sweden-female I have hope I have some hope I don't have much hope I don't have hope Men suffer from gender gap more than women Rank of Gender Gap Index Difference of hope (male-female) Sweden 4 1% Germany 11 -1% France 15 1% UK 18 -1% US 28 -7% Japan 101 -11% Korea 115 -16% Hope by working status (Japan, by gender] 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Work full time Work part time Unemployed Housewife Not in education, employment or training Men Women Gap of hope between full time workers and house-husbands/ wives -50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% * Association not significant Unemployment by duration Japan Within 1 month, 19% 1-3 month s, 26% 3-6 month s, 13% 6-12 month s, 16% 1 year and over, 26% Sweden Within 1 month, 45% 1-3 month s, 25% 3-6 month s, 16% 6-12 month s, 10% 1 year and over, 5% Gap of hope between employed and unemployed -40% -35% -30% -25% -20% -15% -10% -5% 0% * Association not significant
  • 3. 3 Political interest of young people Japan Very interes ted, 10% Kind of interes ted, 44% Not very interes ted, 28% Not interes ted, 18% Sweden Very interes ted, 14% Kind of interes ted, 34% Not very interes ted, 33% Not interes ted, 19% “My participation may be the catalyst for some change in social phenomena that I want changed” Japan Agree, 8% Kind of agree, 30% Not really agree, 37% Not agree, 26% Sweden Agree, 19% Kind of agree, 38% Not really agree, 31% Not agree, 11% % of those who have interactions with foreign people 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Effect of interactions with foreign people on hope 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Japan US Korea France Germany UK* Sweden* * Association not significant Effect of hope on challenge spirit (Japan] 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Hope No hope Agree Kind of agree Not really agree Not agree “I am motivated to engage in things even if I am not sure they will turn out okay.” “I am motivated to engage in things even if I am not sure they will turn out okay.” Japan Agree, 9% Kind of agree, 43% Not really agree, 40% Not agree, 8% Sweden Agree, 22% Kind of agree, 44% Not really agree, 28% Not agree, 6%
  • 4. 4 Effect of hope on the ideal number of children (Japan] 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Hope No hope None 1 2 3+ Conclusion ? Lack of hope among young Japanese largely reflects inflexibility of various social systems in Japan. ? Improving hope among young Japanese is a key to increase the viability of the Japanese society.