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Writing Strategies Chapter8

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Robert Brunet
Robert Brunet

This document provides a brief guide to basic punctuation rules. It covers the use of capital letters, commas, semicolons, colons, parentheses, quotation marks, hyphens, and apostrophes. For each punctuation mark, it lists the main uses with short examples to illustrate proper usage in writing university assignments and research projects. The overall purpose is to help make written work easier to read and understand through correct punctuation.

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Writing Up You University Assignments and Research Projects ROBERT BRUNET SOL Department of Chemical Engineering, URV, Tarragona Sustainable Computer Aided Process Engineering Group Robert Brunet Page 1 of 12
8. Puntuation basics: A brief guide to punctuation use 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Capital letters 8.3. The comma 8.4. The semicolon 8.5. The colon 8.6. Parentheses 8.7. Inverted commas 8.8. The hyphen 8.9. The apostrophe Robert Brunet Page 2 of 12
8.1. Introduction A well-punctuated thesis should make your work easier to read and understant and will therefore help it make a more favourable impression on your readers. Robert Brunet Page 3 of 12
8.2. Capital letters Used after a full stop For all proper nouns and adjectives and their abbreviated forms Robert, the Englsih man, England, English, the United Kingdom, the UK 3. At the beginning of main words which form the title of a textbook, journal, play, poem or other publication An Integrated Approach to Business Studies (a textbook title) Harvard Business Review (a journal title) 4. In titles or names used to refer to a specific person or place The Principal of Kings College London had talks with the Secretary of State for Education. Robert Brunet Page 4 of 12
8.3. The comma To list items separate list of adjectives and adjectival phrases, nouns and noun phrases, and verbs and verb phrases. The course will examine the films of Pasolini, Fellini, de Sica and Zeffirelli. (nouns) He enterd the room, sat down, opened his textbook and began to read. (verb phrases) To separate cluases joined by and, but, yet, so, for Captain Corelli has been a very popular novel, and it has also enjoyed considerable success as film. Captain Corelli has been a very popular novel and has also enjoyed considerable success as film. 3. To separate a word (or a group of words) from the sentences it introduces 4. To separate and distinguish subordiante clauses from main clauses When the experiment was repeated a week later, the results confirmed previous findings. 5. To separate and distinguish inserted information Arithis, which attacks the joints, is the single biggest cause of disability in the UK. 6. To separate words which explain or describe a preceding noun The work of Rosalind Franklin, a chemist at Kings College London, was crucial to the discovery of the helix. Robert Brunet Page 5 of 12
8.4. The semicolon It indicates a pause that is longer than that of a comma, but shorter than that of a full stop. It is usually used by indicating the close relationship between two ideas, where the second extents the first one. When two ideas are closely connected in meaning 2. When connecting words (however, therefore, nevertheless, etc.) are used to join two ideas so closely related that a full stop is unnecessary The students work was not well presented; however, despite this, she achieved a pass. 3. When recording a list of ideas, each of which is quite long Robert Brunet Page 6 of 12
8.5. The colon To introduce an explanation or examples Today, laptops are more rigours of fieldwork: they are more durable, lighter, and have integrate more complex navigation systems. 2. To introduce a quotation As Joan Laporta says: Barcelona is the more than a club Robert Brunet Page 7 of 12
8.6. Parentheses They are also known as brackets. They can be either round ( ) or square [ ] Round brackets are used: 6. To enclose citations within text The group SUSCAPE (http://www.etseq.urv.es/suscape) is one of the most important research groups 2. To introduce a quotation Actually it is difficult to find good defensor as before (Cafu, Hierro, Maldini); however, Puyol and Pique are quite well. Round brackets are used: 1. To enclose words or an idea within a quotation which is not part of the original quotation His reply was always the same: I appreciate it [the purpose], but I must refuse to be in a relatinship. Robert Brunet Page 8 of 12
8.7. Inverted commas They are also known as quotation marks. There are two types single and doubles, there are no hard rules about when to use one or the other Single quotation marks: 6. To identify a direct quotation Soccer s a team sport played between two teams of eleven players using a spherical ball. It is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world (FIFA) 2. To enclose/ highlight words which are not accepted as normal English Actually it is difficult to find good defensor as before (Cafu, Hierro, Maldini); however, Puyol and Pique are quite well. 3. To enclose a word(s) which has a specialised meaning in particular context Actually it is difficult to find good defensor as before (Cafu, Hierro, Maldini); however, Puyol and Pique are quite well. 4. To enclose product names Actually it is difficult to find good defensor as before (Cafu, Hierro, Maldini); however, Puyol and Pique are quite well. 5. To express doubt over the accuracy or appropriateness of a particular word or phrase Actually it is difficult to find good defensor as before (Cafu, Hierro, Maldini); however, Puyol and Pique are quite well. Double quotation marks: 1. To enclose a quotation which is used as part of another quotation His reply was always the same: I appreciate it [the purpose], but I must refuse to be in a relatinship. Robert Brunet Page 9 of 12
8.8. The hyphen 1. In word units of more than onr word numbers: seventy-seven ranges: 1965-80, 23-45, Barcelona-Madrid adjectives: long-wave radiation, north.east USA nouns: super-organisms, high-technology 2. To separate a word which begins on one line finisheses on the following line 3. To signal incidental information Robert Brunet Page 10 of 12
8.9. The aphostrophe 1. To show the omission of one or more letters cant: instead of cannot); isnt: instead of is not); itd: instead of it would) 2. To show possession a. Where there is a single owner: The girls trousers; Jennifers trousers b. Where there is more than one owner The girls trousers; Jennifer and Marys trousers Robert Brunet Page 11 of 12
Thanks for your attention! ROBERT BRUNET SOL Department of Chemical Engineering, URV, Tarragona Sustainable Computer Aided Process Engineering Group Robert Brunet Page 12 of 12

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Writing Strategies Chapter8

  • 1. Writing Up You University Assignments and Research Projects ROBERT BRUNET SOL Department of Chemical Engineering, URV, Tarragona Sustainable Computer Aided Process Engineering Group Robert Brunet Page 1 of 12
  • 2. 8. Puntuation basics: A brief guide to punctuation use 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Capital letters 8.3. The comma 8.4. The semicolon 8.5. The colon 8.6. Parentheses 8.7. Inverted commas 8.8. The hyphen 8.9. The apostrophe Robert Brunet Page 2 of 12
  • 3. 8.1. Introduction A well-punctuated thesis should make your work easier to read and understant and will therefore help it make a more favourable impression on your readers. Robert Brunet Page 3 of 12
  • 4. 8.2. Capital letters Used after a full stop For all proper nouns and adjectives and their abbreviated forms Robert, the Englsih man, England, English, the United Kingdom, the UK 3. At the beginning of main words which form the title of a textbook, journal, play, poem or other publication An Integrated Approach to Business Studies (a textbook title) Harvard Business Review (a journal title) 4. In titles or names used to refer to a specific person or place The Principal of Kings College London had talks with the Secretary of State for Education. Robert Brunet Page 4 of 12
  • 5. 8.3. The comma To list items separate list of adjectives and adjectival phrases, nouns and noun phrases, and verbs and verb phrases. The course will examine the films of Pasolini, Fellini, de Sica and Zeffirelli. (nouns) He enterd the room, sat down, opened his textbook and began to read. (verb phrases) To separate cluases joined by and, but, yet, so, for Captain Corelli has been a very popular novel, and it has also enjoyed considerable success as film. Captain Corelli has been a very popular novel and has also enjoyed considerable success as film. 3. To separate a word (or a group of words) from the sentences it introduces 4. To separate and distinguish subordiante clauses from main clauses When the experiment was repeated a week later, the results confirmed previous findings. 5. To separate and distinguish inserted information Arithis, which attacks the joints, is the single biggest cause of disability in the UK. 6. To separate words which explain or describe a preceding noun The work of Rosalind Franklin, a chemist at Kings College London, was crucial to the discovery of the helix. Robert Brunet Page 5 of 12
  • 6. 8.4. The semicolon It indicates a pause that is longer than that of a comma, but shorter than that of a full stop. It is usually used by indicating the close relationship between two ideas, where the second extents the first one. When two ideas are closely connected in meaning 2. When connecting words (however, therefore, nevertheless, etc.) are used to join two ideas so closely related that a full stop is unnecessary The students work was not well presented; however, despite this, she achieved a pass. 3. When recording a list of ideas, each of which is quite long Robert Brunet Page 6 of 12
  • 7. 8.5. The colon To introduce an explanation or examples Today, laptops are more rigours of fieldwork: they are more durable, lighter, and have integrate more complex navigation systems. 2. To introduce a quotation As Joan Laporta says: Barcelona is the more than a club Robert Brunet Page 7 of 12
  • 8. 8.6. Parentheses They are also known as brackets. They can be either round ( ) or square [ ] Round brackets are used: 6. To enclose citations within text The group SUSCAPE (http://www.etseq.urv.es/suscape) is one of the most important research groups 2. To introduce a quotation Actually it is difficult to find good defensor as before (Cafu, Hierro, Maldini); however, Puyol and Pique are quite well. Round brackets are used: 1. To enclose words or an idea within a quotation which is not part of the original quotation His reply was always the same: I appreciate it [the purpose], but I must refuse to be in a relatinship. Robert Brunet Page 8 of 12
  • 9. 8.7. Inverted commas They are also known as quotation marks. There are two types single and doubles, there are no hard rules about when to use one or the other Single quotation marks: 6. To identify a direct quotation Soccer s a team sport played between two teams of eleven players using a spherical ball. It is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world (FIFA) 2. To enclose/ highlight words which are not accepted as normal English Actually it is difficult to find good defensor as before (Cafu, Hierro, Maldini); however, Puyol and Pique are quite well. 3. To enclose a word(s) which has a specialised meaning in particular context Actually it is difficult to find good defensor as before (Cafu, Hierro, Maldini); however, Puyol and Pique are quite well. 4. To enclose product names Actually it is difficult to find good defensor as before (Cafu, Hierro, Maldini); however, Puyol and Pique are quite well. 5. To express doubt over the accuracy or appropriateness of a particular word or phrase Actually it is difficult to find good defensor as before (Cafu, Hierro, Maldini); however, Puyol and Pique are quite well. Double quotation marks: 1. To enclose a quotation which is used as part of another quotation His reply was always the same: I appreciate it [the purpose], but I must refuse to be in a relatinship. Robert Brunet Page 9 of 12
  • 10. 8.8. The hyphen 1. In word units of more than onr word numbers: seventy-seven ranges: 1965-80, 23-45, Barcelona-Madrid adjectives: long-wave radiation, north.east USA nouns: super-organisms, high-technology 2. To separate a word which begins on one line finisheses on the following line 3. To signal incidental information Robert Brunet Page 10 of 12
  • 11. 8.9. The aphostrophe 1. To show the omission of one or more letters cant: instead of cannot); isnt: instead of is not); itd: instead of it would) 2. To show possession a. Where there is a single owner: The girls trousers; Jennifers trousers b. Where there is more than one owner The girls trousers; Jennifer and Marys trousers Robert Brunet Page 11 of 12
  • 12. Thanks for your attention! ROBERT BRUNET SOL Department of Chemical Engineering, URV, Tarragona Sustainable Computer Aided Process Engineering Group Robert Brunet Page 12 of 12