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WS5 TA

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Transactional analysis (TA) focuses on how people interact and communicate. It views people as comprising three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. TA therapy aims to help clients become aware of outdated beliefs and decisions from childhood, make new empowering decisions, and change problematic interaction patterns. Therapists use techniques like roleplaying, confronting discounts and games, exploring racket systems, and contracting with clients to practice new behaviors. TA offers a practical framework for understanding communication and relationships and facilitating positive change.

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IMPART Workshop 5 TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS AND REDECISION THERAPY
Eric Berne
With Claude Steiner, Eric Bernes associate
Practice & Philosophy of TA People are OK. Everyone has the capacity to think. People decide their own destiny, and these decisions can be changed.
CRITICAL: COMMANDS, ORDERS (DATA OF UNVERIFIED AUTHENTICITY) E NURTURING: CARING, LOVING G O PROCESSING DETAILS, RATIONAL THINKING CAUSE & EFFECT RELATIONSHIP G REALITY R A ADAPTED: BORROWED EMOTIONS M NATURAL: CURIOSITY, SPONTANEOUS EMOTIONS, CREATIVITY, FUN, JOY, SEXUAL EMOTION, INTUITION
S=Stimulus R=Response Complimentary P S P R Transaction A A The transactional vectors are parallel and C C the ego state addressed is the one which responds. It can P P be from any ego state to any other ego state. A A C C
Crossed Transaction The transactional vectors are not parallel or the ego P P state addressed is not the one which responds. In a A A crossed transaction the response comes from an C C unexpected ego state.
Ulterior Transaction (Angular) P P A transaction is overtly directed at one (social) level, but covertly at A A another (psychological) level. C C
Ulterior Transaction (Duplex) Both the persons P P involve in a more important secret (psychological) A A transaction underlying the overt (social) transaction. C C
How do we remember? Memory = Event + Emotion Recall = Emotion + Event
Strokes Positive, Negative & discounting Conditional & Unconditional Verbal, Non-verbal, action
Claude Steiners Stroke Economy DONT GIVE +VE STROKES GIVE VE STROKES DONT ACCEPT +VE STROKES ACCEPT VE STROKES DONT SELF-STROKE
Stroke Economy DONT GIVE +VE STROKES DONT GIVE VE STROKES DONT ACCEPT +VE STROKES DONT ACCEPT VE STROKES DONT SELF-STROKE
Common Script Beliefs COMMANDS BELIEFS You mustnt exist. I mustnt exist. You mustnt be you. I mustnt be me. You mustnt be a child. I mustnt be a child. You mustnt grow up. I mustnt grow up. You mustnt make it. I mustnt make it. You mustnt do anything. I mustnt do anything. You mustnt be important. I mustnt be important. You mustnt belong. I mustnt belong. You mustnt be close. I mustnt be close. You mustnt be well (sane). I mustnt be well (sane). You mustnt think. I mustnt think. You mustnt feel. I mustnt feel.
Life Script Each person decides upon a plan for his/her life beginning in earliest childhood. It is constructed in the form of drama with a clear-cut beginning, middle, & end. Script payoff: Closing scene of the script
Life course depends on Heredity External events Life-script Autonomous decisions
Early Decisions Injunctions Commands Attributes Modelling
What decides our behaviour? Early experiences Decisions & Scripts Psychological positions Script-reinforcing behaviours
Life Positions Im not OK, Youre OK. Im not OK, Youre not OK. Im OK, Youre not OK. Im OK, Youre OK.
YOU ARE OKAY WITH ME I AM NOT OK I AM OK YOU ARE OK YOU ARE OK I AM NOT OKAY WITH ME One down position Healthy position I AM OKAY WITH ME Get away from, helpless Get on with, happy I AM NOT OK I AM OK YOU ARE NOT OK YOU ARE NOT OK Helpless position One up position Get nowhere with, hopeless Get rid of, Angry YOU ARE NOT OKAY WITH ME
Tragic Script Outcomes Killing or Harming self Killing or Harming others Going crazy
Racket and Racket Feelings RACKET FEELING: A familiar emotion, acquired in childhood, and expressed later under stress. It is a substitute for another feeling prohibited in family of origin. RACKET: A set of manipulative thoughts & behaviours intended outside awareness to justify in experiencing a racket feeling. Each time a person gets strokes for a racket or racket feeling, she will interpret this in Child as confirmation of her script beliefs.
Questions to elicit racket feelings How do you express when you fail in exams? What do you tell to your Boss/Wife when you arrive late? What kinds of topics do you like most? What aspects do you expect from your favorite film star? While talking for long time with your friend in mobile, What excuse do you give to your mother?
A Racket System RACKET SYSTEM SCRIPT BELIEFS RACKETY DISPLAYS REINFORCING MEMORIES Beliefs about: 1 Observable behaviours Emotional memories 1 Self (stylized, repetitive) (trading stamps) 2 Others provide evidence & 2 Reported internal 3 Quality of life justification experience (somatic (Intrapsychic process) ailments: physical Feelings repressed at sensations) the time of script 3 Fantasies decision
Time Structuring Withdrawal: Being to oneself Procedures: Give & take Rituals: Wishing each other Pastimes: Mine is better than yours Activities: Action and satisfaction Games: Transaction with a switch > negative strokes Intimacy: Opening with others without walls > positive strokes
Arena of the Games: Karpmans Triangle Persecutor Rescuer Victim
Applying TA Therapy Help client close escape hatches. Develop therapeutic contract. Describe specific tenets & terminology of TA. Create awareness of scripts. Reinforce redecisions. Enforce cognitive/rational domain of behaviou.r Challenge to change current pattern.s Enhance client autonomy to reduce dependence.
Closing Escape Hatches You need to promise yourself that - You will never, in any circumstances, kill or harm yourself, try to kill or harm yourself, or set up to kill or harm yourself, accidentally or on purpose. - You will never, in circumstances, kill or harm anyone else, try to kill or harm anyone else, or set up to kill or harm anyone else, accidentally or on purpose. - You will never, in any circumstances, go crazy, try to go crazy or set up to go crazy, accidentally or on purpose.
Therapeutic Contract: Why? 1. To have the client actively involved in the counselling process 2. To provide a mental set towards change 3. To know when the work is complete 4. To guard against imposition of the therapists goals on the client. 5. To discourage pursuit of covert agendas
Effective Contract-making 1. Is the contract goal feasible? 2. Is it safe? 3. Is it stated in positive words? 4. Is it observable? 5. Is it placed in a clear context? 6. Does this mark a movement out of script and into the autonomy for the client?
Tasks of Therapist Confront Script Invite Autonomy INTERVENTION - Effective - Harmful - Ineffective
Techniques of TA Active listening skills Finding the script Confrontation for redecision process Role-play Contracts to achieve target Enhance redecision process: get commitment to change Self-scripting
ELICITATION WINDOW Dr VINOD CHEBBI, Bangalore
Discovering Racket & Racket Feelings When things go wrong for you, how do you feel? Do you recognize this as a familiar feeling of yours? Is it a feeling you experience in response to a wide range of different situations? When did you last feel these feelings? What was the situation in which you felt it? With hindsight, how far would you say you had a part in setting up that situation, though you are not responsible?
Discovering Racket & Racket Feelings (Contd.) Did the feeling you felt help you to get your needs met in the here-and-now? When you were a child, was this feeling favoured or rewarded in your family? Suppose you were using this favoured feeling to cover up another feeling that was prohibited or punished when you were a child, what would you guess is this original feeling you were covering up?
Outdated Beliefs Redefining: Distorting of self, others & world Discounting: Ignoring / minimizing contrary evidence Detect clues in behaviour. Help to update script beliefs, resolve script feelings, and move out of scripty behaviour.
Therapy Through TA: 1 Challenging Out-Dated Beliefs Working with racket feelings Peeling the onion Confronting the games Confronting the discounts Moving to intimacy at Switch
Therapy Through TA: 2 Making New Decisions (Robert and Mary Goulding) Making the contract Closing the escape hatch Providing safe setting
Making a Redecision: 1 Establish a session contract. Invite a client to re-experience a problem scene. Invite a client to re-experience a related scene from childhood. While client is in child ego state invite to the present resources (the Adult ego state).
Making a Redecision: 2 When during the Child ego state, invite client to make a new decision and watch the shift to authentic feeling. Bring client to Adult ego state; invite to anchor the re- decision immediately in the Here-and-Now Carry out Adult to de-brief, the meaning of the new decision. Negotiate with client a contract to practice new decision.
TA: Advantages Quick psychoanalysis: Understood on a "here-and- now" basis. Universal usage: Utilized in day-to-day communication with others, irrespective of age, sex & situation. Repairing relationships: Used in understanding and managing relationship with another. Self-analysis: Used to understand and change oneself. Restructuring PT: Used in restructuring psychotherapy

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WS5 TA

  • 1. IMPART Workshop 5 TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS AND REDECISION THERAPY
  • 3. With Claude Steiner, Eric Bernes associate
  • 4. Practice & Philosophy of TA People are OK. Everyone has the capacity to think. People decide their own destiny, and these decisions can be changed.
  • 5. CRITICAL: COMMANDS, ORDERS (DATA OF UNVERIFIED AUTHENTICITY) E NURTURING: CARING, LOVING G O PROCESSING DETAILS, RATIONAL THINKING CAUSE & EFFECT RELATIONSHIP G REALITY R A ADAPTED: BORROWED EMOTIONS M NATURAL: CURIOSITY, SPONTANEOUS EMOTIONS, CREATIVITY, FUN, JOY, SEXUAL EMOTION, INTUITION
  • 6. S=Stimulus R=Response Complimentary P S P R Transaction A A The transactional vectors are parallel and C C the ego state addressed is the one which responds. It can P P be from any ego state to any other ego state. A A C C
  • 7. Crossed Transaction The transactional vectors are not parallel or the ego P P state addressed is not the one which responds. In a A A crossed transaction the response comes from an C C unexpected ego state.
  • 8. Ulterior Transaction (Angular) P P A transaction is overtly directed at one (social) level, but covertly at A A another (psychological) level. C C
  • 9. Ulterior Transaction (Duplex) Both the persons P P involve in a more important secret (psychological) A A transaction underlying the overt (social) transaction. C C
  • 10. How do we remember? Memory = Event + Emotion Recall = Emotion + Event
  • 11. Strokes Positive, Negative & discounting Conditional & Unconditional Verbal, Non-verbal, action
  • 12. Claude Steiners Stroke Economy DONT GIVE +VE STROKES GIVE VE STROKES DONT ACCEPT +VE STROKES ACCEPT VE STROKES DONT SELF-STROKE
  • 13. Stroke Economy DONT GIVE +VE STROKES DONT GIVE VE STROKES DONT ACCEPT +VE STROKES DONT ACCEPT VE STROKES DONT SELF-STROKE
  • 14. Common Script Beliefs COMMANDS BELIEFS You mustnt exist. I mustnt exist. You mustnt be you. I mustnt be me. You mustnt be a child. I mustnt be a child. You mustnt grow up. I mustnt grow up. You mustnt make it. I mustnt make it. You mustnt do anything. I mustnt do anything. You mustnt be important. I mustnt be important. You mustnt belong. I mustnt belong. You mustnt be close. I mustnt be close. You mustnt be well (sane). I mustnt be well (sane). You mustnt think. I mustnt think. You mustnt feel. I mustnt feel.
  • 15. Life Script Each person decides upon a plan for his/her life beginning in earliest childhood. It is constructed in the form of drama with a clear-cut beginning, middle, & end. Script payoff: Closing scene of the script
  • 16. Life course depends on Heredity External events Life-script Autonomous decisions
  • 17. Early Decisions Injunctions Commands Attributes Modelling
  • 18. What decides our behaviour? Early experiences Decisions & Scripts Psychological positions Script-reinforcing behaviours
  • 19. Life Positions Im not OK, Youre OK. Im not OK, Youre not OK. Im OK, Youre not OK. Im OK, Youre OK.
  • 20. YOU ARE OKAY WITH ME I AM NOT OK I AM OK YOU ARE OK YOU ARE OK I AM NOT OKAY WITH ME One down position Healthy position I AM OKAY WITH ME Get away from, helpless Get on with, happy I AM NOT OK I AM OK YOU ARE NOT OK YOU ARE NOT OK Helpless position One up position Get nowhere with, hopeless Get rid of, Angry YOU ARE NOT OKAY WITH ME
  • 21. Tragic Script Outcomes Killing or Harming self Killing or Harming others Going crazy
  • 22. Racket and Racket Feelings RACKET FEELING: A familiar emotion, acquired in childhood, and expressed later under stress. It is a substitute for another feeling prohibited in family of origin. RACKET: A set of manipulative thoughts & behaviours intended outside awareness to justify in experiencing a racket feeling. Each time a person gets strokes for a racket or racket feeling, she will interpret this in Child as confirmation of her script beliefs.
  • 23. Questions to elicit racket feelings How do you express when you fail in exams? What do you tell to your Boss/Wife when you arrive late? What kinds of topics do you like most? What aspects do you expect from your favorite film star? While talking for long time with your friend in mobile, What excuse do you give to your mother?
  • 24. A Racket System RACKET SYSTEM SCRIPT BELIEFS RACKETY DISPLAYS REINFORCING MEMORIES Beliefs about: 1 Observable behaviours Emotional memories 1 Self (stylized, repetitive) (trading stamps) 2 Others provide evidence & 2 Reported internal 3 Quality of life justification experience (somatic (Intrapsychic process) ailments: physical Feelings repressed at sensations) the time of script 3 Fantasies decision
  • 25. Time Structuring Withdrawal: Being to oneself Procedures: Give & take Rituals: Wishing each other Pastimes: Mine is better than yours Activities: Action and satisfaction Games: Transaction with a switch > negative strokes Intimacy: Opening with others without walls > positive strokes
  • 26. Arena of the Games: Karpmans Triangle Persecutor Rescuer Victim
  • 27. Applying TA Therapy Help client close escape hatches. Develop therapeutic contract. Describe specific tenets & terminology of TA. Create awareness of scripts. Reinforce redecisions. Enforce cognitive/rational domain of behaviou.r Challenge to change current pattern.s Enhance client autonomy to reduce dependence.
  • 28. Closing Escape Hatches You need to promise yourself that - You will never, in any circumstances, kill or harm yourself, try to kill or harm yourself, or set up to kill or harm yourself, accidentally or on purpose. - You will never, in circumstances, kill or harm anyone else, try to kill or harm anyone else, or set up to kill or harm anyone else, accidentally or on purpose. - You will never, in any circumstances, go crazy, try to go crazy or set up to go crazy, accidentally or on purpose.
  • 29. Therapeutic Contract: Why? 1. To have the client actively involved in the counselling process 2. To provide a mental set towards change 3. To know when the work is complete 4. To guard against imposition of the therapists goals on the client. 5. To discourage pursuit of covert agendas
  • 30. Effective Contract-making 1. Is the contract goal feasible? 2. Is it safe? 3. Is it stated in positive words? 4. Is it observable? 5. Is it placed in a clear context? 6. Does this mark a movement out of script and into the autonomy for the client?
  • 31. Tasks of Therapist Confront Script Invite Autonomy INTERVENTION - Effective - Harmful - Ineffective
  • 32. Techniques of TA Active listening skills Finding the script Confrontation for redecision process Role-play Contracts to achieve target Enhance redecision process: get commitment to change Self-scripting
  • 33. ELICITATION WINDOW Dr VINOD CHEBBI, Bangalore
  • 34. Discovering Racket & Racket Feelings When things go wrong for you, how do you feel? Do you recognize this as a familiar feeling of yours? Is it a feeling you experience in response to a wide range of different situations? When did you last feel these feelings? What was the situation in which you felt it? With hindsight, how far would you say you had a part in setting up that situation, though you are not responsible?
  • 35. Discovering Racket & Racket Feelings (Contd.) Did the feeling you felt help you to get your needs met in the here-and-now? When you were a child, was this feeling favoured or rewarded in your family? Suppose you were using this favoured feeling to cover up another feeling that was prohibited or punished when you were a child, what would you guess is this original feeling you were covering up?
  • 36. Outdated Beliefs Redefining: Distorting of self, others & world Discounting: Ignoring / minimizing contrary evidence Detect clues in behaviour. Help to update script beliefs, resolve script feelings, and move out of scripty behaviour.
  • 37. Therapy Through TA: 1 Challenging Out-Dated Beliefs Working with racket feelings Peeling the onion Confronting the games Confronting the discounts Moving to intimacy at Switch
  • 38. Therapy Through TA: 2 Making New Decisions (Robert and Mary Goulding) Making the contract Closing the escape hatch Providing safe setting
  • 39. Making a Redecision: 1 Establish a session contract. Invite a client to re-experience a problem scene. Invite a client to re-experience a related scene from childhood. While client is in child ego state invite to the present resources (the Adult ego state).
  • 40. Making a Redecision: 2 When during the Child ego state, invite client to make a new decision and watch the shift to authentic feeling. Bring client to Adult ego state; invite to anchor the re- decision immediately in the Here-and-Now Carry out Adult to de-brief, the meaning of the new decision. Negotiate with client a contract to practice new decision.
  • 41. TA: Advantages Quick psychoanalysis: Understood on a "here-and- now" basis. Universal usage: Utilized in day-to-day communication with others, irrespective of age, sex & situation. Repairing relationships: Used in understanding and managing relationship with another. Self-analysis: Used to understand and change oneself. Restructuring PT: Used in restructuring psychotherapy