Zener relexation p pt

Nov 15, 2016Download as pptx, pdf

1 like228 views

Zener relaxation is a phenomenon discovered by Clarence Zener in 1943 where he observed an internal friction peak in an 汐-brass crystal near 400～C at a frequency of 620Hz. This peak, known as the Zener peak, is caused by the reorientation of solute atom pairs in the lattice under an applied stress as the solute atoms are mobile within that temperature range. Zener proposed the "pair-reorientation" model in 1947 to explain this phenomenon, where stress causes solute atom pairs to reorient. The characteristics of the Zener peak, including relaxation strength and relaxation time, depend on factors like solute concentration, temperature, and crystal structure. Zener relaxation has been useful for studying

ZENER RELAXATION
Mechanical Spectroscopy
LECTURER: PROF. IGOR .S GOLOVIN
By: Asad Alamgir Shaikh

History Of Zener
? During that period from the mid-1930s to the early ＊40s,
Zener developed the field of internal friction.
? With simple oscillating strain measurements as a function
of temperature, he obtained activation energies for the
diffusion of solute atoms in metals, particularly carbon and
nitrogen atoms in iron. This development and an
associated paper, ※A Method of Calculating Energy
Losses During Impact§ (Zener 1939), led to his call in
1942 to the Watertown Arsenal to develop stronger steel
for the U.S. Army

Zener Relaxation
Discovered by Zener in 1943.
? A single crystal of 汐-brass (Cu 70: Zn 30). exhibits a well
defined internal friction peak near 400～C for a Frequency
of 620Hz.
? The existence of solute next neighbour pairs or clusters
results in a relaxation maximum, called ※Zener peak§, in a
temperature range where the solute atoms are mobile and
enable reorientation of the solute atom pair in the lattice
under the action of the applied stress. This applies not
only for fcc but also for other crystal types (bcc, hcp).

? Zener estimated the
activation energy of the
relaxation from the shape
of the peak. And obtained
a figure of 1.5ev in Cu Zn.
? After that in (1947) he
proposed the "pair-
reorientation" model which
boost up the further
experiments and a general
interest in the
phenomenon.
? Variation of internal friction with
temperature in polycrystalline and single-
crystal specimens of 汐-brass. The
measurements were made in torsional
vibration at approximately 0.5 Hz.

Pair-reorientation
? There are several atomic
diffusional jumps with unknown
consecutive may be involved in
each place change reorientation,
the pre-exponential jump time in
diffusion may not coincide in
general with the corresponding
value Toz of the zener
relaxation, which is in the order
of 10?15
s .

Characteristic Parameters
1)Relaxation strength 忖Z for Zener
2)Relaxation time 而Z
show the following dependencies.
As pairs of atoms are involved, for dilute and random solid
solutions the relaxation strength, which is proportional to
the number of reorienting pairs, it should be proportional
to the solute concentration squared, ?2, ≦ ?2 (1 ? ?)2, with
a Boltzmann factor including the binding energy EB,

Cont＃
? The relaxation strength varies approximately proportional
to 1/T for fixed concentrations.
? For different solid solutions the peak height varies from
? ＞ 5.10?14 (???1at C=0.1, (Rb in K) to 530.10?14 (Cu in
Al , C=0.1).
? If these values are recalculated per 1 at%, they turn out
to be much lower then for the snoek relaxation, because
substitution atoms distort the crystal lattice much weaker
then interstitial atoms do.

Temperature-dependence of relaxation
times
Arrhenius plots of the relaxation times, 而 of the Zener
peak. Values of 而 were determined through the condition,
肋而=1, at the peak position, where 肋 is the angular
frequency. Pre-exponential factors 而0,and activation
energies H, for the relaxation process
defined by the equation,

The Zener peak height
? In the case of concentrated solid solutions the relaxation
is accompanied by a change of the degree of short-range
order. According to the theory of LeClaire and Lomer
(1954) the Zener peak height is
Q??1 汐[?0f (X0,C) ?2( 1- ?2)/(KT)] ? (竹(?))2
Type equation here.
where V0 Is the atomic volume
coe?cients ?(p)=(?汍/?聿p)考,T.
Q??1
= ?f (X0,C) ?2
( 1- ?2
)/(KT)] ? (竹(?)
)2
. ??
?? ? 1+(??)2
Pair for solute atoms Zener Relaxation.

Application of Zener relaxation
? Zener relaxation for studying the defect-controlled
nature of the atomic mobility in solid solutions probably
constitutes its most important application.

References:
1) Materials science series [v. 1] A.S. Nowick (Auth.)-
Anelastic Relaxation in Crystalline Solids-New York,
Academic Press (1972).
2) Internal Friction in metallic materials Hand Book.

This document discusses the physics of atoms and their subatomic particles. It describes the Bohr model of the atom, which depicts electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed orbits or shells. When electrons move between these shells, energy is absorbed or emitted in the form of radiation. The document also outlines the discoveries of subatomic particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons through experiments such as Rutherford's gold foil experiment and Chadwick's work. Finally, it provides the names, symbols, masses, and charges of the basic particles that make up an atom: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

8Rakesh Sheoran

The document discusses the Stark Effect, which is the splitting of spectral lines due to an applied electric field. When an electric field is applied, it polarizes the atom in parallel and perpendicular directions, interacting with the resultant electric dipole moment. The Stark Effect was discovered by J. Stark in 1913 when he observed abnormalities in the Balmer series H spectra. It is important for understanding molecular rotational spectra.

Zeeman effectBruno Chandrasekar

The Zeeman effect occurs when spectral lines split into multiple components in the presence of an external magnetic field. In 1896, Zeeman first observed this effect when placing a sodium light source between electromagnets. Normally, lines split into three components, but more complex splitting can occur. Later theories by Lorentz and others explained the polarization and patterns observed. Both classical and quantum mechanics can explain normal Zeeman splitting, while anomalous splitting requires quantum theory accounting for electron spin. Today, the Zeeman effect provides insights into atomic structure and is used in applications like solar magnetic field analysis.

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle[1]guestea12c43

The document discusses three quantum physics concepts: 1) The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, which states that certain pairs of measurable properties, such as position and momentum, cannot be known simultaneously due to the energy required to observe a system. 2) The Schr?dinger Equation, which Erwin Schr?dinger derived to describe electrons and their behavior under external potential fields using a 'wave function'. 3) Tunneling, a quantum effect where particles can transition through classically-forbidden energy barriers, rather than needing to pass over them.

heisenberg uncertainty principleMasood Karim

Werner Heisenberg developed the uncertainty principle, which states that the more precisely the momentum of a particle is known, the less precisely its position can be known, and vice versa. The principle applies to other complementary variables like energy and time. At the quantum level, measuring one property necessarily disturbs the other related property due to the interaction required. This challenges the classical view of objective reality and determinism, instead implying a subjective, probabilistic reality shaped by observation.

Tau 09 - Uncertainty Principle!Jessica Kabigting

The uncertainty principle states that the exact position and momentum of an object cannot be known simultaneously. The more precisely one property is measured, the less precisely the other can be known. Specifically, the uncertainty in position multiplied by the uncertainty in momentum is greater than or equal to Planck's constant divided by 4羽. This principle applies not just to particles but also to other paired quantities like energy and time.

Zeeman EffectZeeshan Khalid

The Zeeman effect is the splitting of a spectral line into multiple spectral lines when in the presence of a magnetic field. It was first observed in 1896 by Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman when he placed a sodium flame between magnetic poles and observed the broadening of spectral lines. Zeeman's discovery earned him the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics. The pattern and amount of splitting provides information about the strength and presence of the magnetic field.

The Uncertainty principleFREDERICK NTI

The document discusses the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics. It makes three key points: 1) It is impossible to simultaneously measure the exact position and momentum of a particle. If one property is known precisely, the other cannot be predicted at all. 2) The uncertainty principle arises due to the wave-like nature of particles. A particle's position is described by a wavefunction, and knowing its exact position would require an infinite number of waves with different momenta. 3) The uncertainty principle applies broadly to any pairs of "complementary observables" with non-commuting operators, not just position and momentum. It represents a fundamental difference between classical and quantum mechanics.

Reversal mechanism in single domain Muhammad Usama Daud

1. The document discusses the reversal mechanism of magnetization in single domain ferromagnetic particles through the application of a circularly polarized radio frequency magnetic field. 2. It presents a model of magnetization reversal based on the Landau-Lifshitz equation where the frequency of the applied field sweeps linearly with time. 3. Numerical simulations show that near-adiabatic reversal is possible for slow sweep rates, while faster rates lead to non-adiabatic reversal with the final magnetization deviating from full reversal. Damping also causes the magnetization to deviate further from the easy axis during reversal.

The uncertainty principlefarman53

This document discusses the uncertainty principle as stated by Werner Heisenberg in 1927. It provides Heisenberg's background and contributions to physics. The principle states that the momentum and position of a particle cannot be simultaneously measured with perfect precision due to inherent uncertainties. There is a minimum for the product of the uncertainties in these two measurements. The document explains this concept and provides the formula for the uncertainty principle.

Mossbauer spectra ppt copyJEYADEVI5

This document discusses the M?ssbauer effect and M?ssbauer spectroscopy. It covers the physical principles behind the M?ssbauer effect, experimental methodology, hyperfine interactions that can be observed, processing and evaluation of spectra, and results obtained from studying materials. The document recommends several references on M?ssbauer spectroscopy and nuclear resonance fluorescence. It also provides background on Rudolf M?ssbauer's discovery of the effect and recoil-free absorption/emission, as well as details on modeling, analyzing, and decomposing complex M?ssbauer spectra.

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle SalmaAjmal

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, formulated by Werner Heisenberg in 1927, states that the position and momentum of a particle cannot be precisely measured simultaneously due to inherent quantum uncertainties. This principle is often confused with the observer effect, which states that measuring certain systems can alter them. Applications relying on this principle are found in advanced technologies such as gravitational wave interferometers.

Heisenberg uncertainty principleSatyavan65

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle describes an intrinsic aspect of nature that emerges from particle-wave duality, indicating that even the most precise measurements adhere to certain limitations. It emphasizes that the principle is not merely about measurement precision, but rather a fundamental law of quantum mechanics. The course discusses related concepts such as diffraction and the interpretation of quantum theory.

Relatively and Quantum Mechanics assignment 5&7Dr. Yuqi Wang

1. General relativity describes large astronomical scales while quantum mechanics describes microscopic scales. When applying the theories at small scales, general relativity's smooth geometric model of space conflicts with quantum mechanics' principle of uncertainty. 2. Quantum tunneling allows particles to temporarily "borrow" energy to pass through classically forbidden areas, but does not violate energy conservation as any additional energy is given back when measured. 3. Pauli's exclusion principle states that two fermions cannot be in the same quantum state. When compressing fermions, their wavelengths shrink and momenta/energy increase, requiring more energy to further reduce separation below their wavelengths. This creates degeneracy pressure resisting compression.

UncertaintyBianchi Dy

Werner Heisenberg developed the uncertainty principle, which states that the more precisely the position of a particle is determined, the less precisely its momentum can be known, and vice versa. This stems from the quantum nature of matter, where measuring devices disturb the system being measured. A thought experiment is described where observing an electron's position with a photon impacts the electron's momentum in an unpredictable way. The uncertainty principle is expressed as 忖x忖p≡h/2羽, meaning the product of the uncertainties in position and momentum must be greater than or equal to Planck's constant divided by 2羽.

Bell 301 material science unit iiiPrashant Kumar

The document discusses dielectric materials and their polarization mechanisms when placed in an electric field. It explains that dielectrics do not allow electric charges to flow through but causes slight shifting of charges, creating an internal electric field. The main polarization mechanisms are electronic, ionic, dipolar, and space charge polarization. It also discusses the origins of magnetic moments including electron spin and angular momentum. Ferromagnetic materials can be magnetized through domain growth/wall motion or rotation of domain magnetic moments in the direction of an applied magnetic field. Hysteresis is defined as a lag between physical quantities when one is cyclically varied. The hysteresis loop illustrates how magnetic flux density B and field H vary during magnetization and dem

Shock Tube BackgroundGOPAL DUTT LAKHERA

The document describes the design and development of a shockwave tube to study blast-induced neurological impairments. The shockwave tube uses a diaphragm to separate high and low pressure gas sections. When the diaphragm bursts, it produces a shockwave that propagates down the tube into the low pressure section. Pressure transducers measure the speed and pressure changes of the shockwaves. Data is collected on shockwaves created by varying the diaphragm material and initial gas pressures.

Explanation Of The Relationship Between The Temperature And Mass Of The Black...IOSR Journals

This thesis explores the relationship between the mass and temperature of black holes, explaining that as a black hole's mass increases, its temperature decreases, leading to less radiation emitted, following the concept of Hawking radiation. It discusses gravitational waves and their role in affecting the temperature of black holes, particularly during black hole mergers and their angular momentum. The document concludes that more massive black holes emit significantly less radiation due to their lower temperatures, aligning with established theories in astrophysics.

Mossbauer spectroscopy - Principles and applicationsSANTHANAM V

Mossbauer spectroscopy involves the absorption of gamma ray photons by atomic nuclei. It can provide information about chemical environments and oxidation states. The document discusses key principles such as recoil effect, Doppler tuning, conditions required for Mossbauer spectra, instrumentation, and information that can be obtained from isomer shift, quadruple splitting, and magnetic interactions. Iron-57 is the most commonly studied isotope due to its suitable nuclear properties and applications in chemistry, mineralogy, and biology.

Heisenbergs uncertainity princpleShivanand Angadi

1) According to quantum mechanics, it is impossible to simultaneously determine the exact position and momentum of a particle. This uncertainty is called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. 2) The Heisenberg uncertainty principle can be expressed as ?x?p≡?/2, where ?x is the uncertainty in position, ?p is the uncertainty in momentum, and ? is the reduced Planck constant. 3) The document provides two examples to illustrate the Heisenberg uncertainty principle - an experiment involving photons colliding with electrons, and the diffraction of electrons at a single slit. In both cases, calculating the product of the uncertainties in position and momentum yields Planck's constant, ver

Mossbauer spectrosopy sujithSUJITH KP

M?ssbauer spectroscopy is a technique used for the characterization of metal complexes and provides information on oxidation states, spin states, magnetic behavior, and ligand specifics. It operates based on the M?ssbauer effect, utilizing recoilless nuclear resonance to achieve resonance fluorescence of gamma rays. Key applications include analyzing isomer shifts, quadrupole splitting, and magnetic splitting to study molecular symmetry and bonding properties.

Theory of LossesVatsal Manavar

The document discusses domain theory of ferromagnetism and hysteresis. It first defines key terms like ferromagnetism, domains, and hysteresis. It then explains that in ferromagnetic materials below the Curie temperature, the material consists of magnetic domains that are spontaneously magnetized in random directions. When an external magnetic field is applied, the domains begin to align with the field. This leads to hysteresis, where the magnetic flux density B lags behind changes in the applied magnetic field H, forming a hysteresis loop on the B-H graph. The size of the hysteresis loop depends on the number of domains switching direction as the field changes.

Mossbauer spectroscopyYogesh Chauhan

Mossbauer spectroscopy involves probing a nucleus using gamma rays and measuring the resulting absorption spectrum. Nuclei in solids do not recoil due to being bound in a lattice, allowing resonant absorption. The technique provides information about oxidation state, spin, symmetry and magnetic properties by measuring isomer shift, quadrupole splitting, and magnetic splitting. It consists of a gamma ray source that is Doppler shifted, a collimator, and detector.

Mossbauer SpectroscopyPreeti Choudhary

This document discusses the history and principles of M?ssbauer spectroscopy, including the discovery of the M?ssbauer effect by Rudolf M?ssbauer in 1958 and its applications, notably in the Mars Exploration Rover missions. It explains key concepts such as resonance, isomer shift, quadrupole splitting, and magnetic hyperfine splitting while detailing the components and functionality of a M?ssbauer spectrometer. The document highlights the significance of M?ssbauer spectroscopy in analyzing materials, particularly iron-containing minerals, both on Earth and Mars.

Biermann feedbackAtner Yegorov

This document discusses feedback mechanisms in galaxy formation, outlining several key questions and findings. It argues that momentum input, rather than energy, dominates the impact of feedback in dense gas. Simulations including momentum are able to create turbulent, inhomogeneous interstellar media and launch galactic winds consistent with observations. Feedback also plays a role in regulating star formation and black hole growth during galaxy mergers. Central AGN feedback is found to be driven primarily by momentum rather than energy injection, and may help explain observed correlations like the M-BH-考 relation.

SPM PHYSICS DEFINITION FORMULA Max Wong

This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in SPM Physics 2009, including: 1) Definitions of speed, velocity, momentum, Newton's laws of motion, balanced and unbalanced forces, work, and energy. 2) Explanations of pressure, Pascal's principle, Archimedes' principle, and Bernoulli's principle. 3) Descriptions of wave reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, and sound waves. 4) Overviews of circuits, electromagnetism, induced current, and direct/alternating current. 5) Definitions of nucleon number, isotopes, radioactivity, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion.

Transfer of heatAnuradha Sajwan

The document discusses various topics related to the transfer of heat, including: 1. The three main modes of heat transfer are conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of heat between particles without particle movement, convection involves heat transfer via actual particle movement, and radiation transfers heat directly via electromagnetic waves. 2. When thermal radiation falls on an object, it can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected. The absorptance, transmittance, and reflectance of an object describe these properties. 3. Blackbody radiation follows several laws, including Wien's displacement law and Stefan's law. Wien's law states the wavelength of peak emission is inversely proportional to temperature,

Effect of magnetic field in m?ssbauer spectroscopyAnuradha Verma

M?ssbauer spectroscopy involves the recoil-free emission and absorption of gamma rays within atomic nuclei. It can provide information about the chemical and physical properties of materials. When nuclei decay, energy is emitted. In the presence of a magnetic field, the nuclear energy levels will split according to the spin and magnetic moment. This splitting produces a characteristic spectrum that can reveal properties like internal magnetic fields. The document discusses the principles, interactions with magnetic fields, selection rules, and examples of spectra for different materials like iron and iron difluoride.

RESONE Workspace - Automate Administrationmarcelvenema

The document outlines automation within Resone Workspace, focusing on streamlining administrative tasks using Resone Automation. It describes various runbooks for managing applications, including adding, deleting, and enabling/disabling applications, along with user self-service capabilities. Additionally, it highlights the command-line parameters for creating, deleting, and adding objects within the Resone Workspace environment.

Rio2016_Technology_Factbook 1 of 3Marcelo Souza

This document provides an overview of technology for the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. It outlines the key technology areas and services landscape including networks, infrastructure, hardware/software, security, customer relationship management, websites, and mobile apps. Some key figures are presented related to hardware deployment, security incidents, CRM records transferred, website and mobile app usage statistics. The challenges of supporting such a large global event with high visibility and expectations for maximum availability are also noted.

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Reversal mechanism in single domain Muhammad Usama Daud

The uncertainty principlefarman53

Mossbauer spectra ppt copyJEYADEVI5

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle SalmaAjmal

Heisenberg uncertainty principleSatyavan65

Relatively and Quantum Mechanics assignment 5&7Dr. Yuqi Wang

UncertaintyBianchi Dy

Bell 301 material science unit iiiPrashant Kumar

Shock Tube BackgroundGOPAL DUTT LAKHERA

Explanation Of The Relationship Between The Temperature And Mass Of The Black...IOSR Journals

Mossbauer spectroscopy - Principles and applicationsSANTHANAM V

Heisenbergs uncertainity princpleShivanand Angadi

Mossbauer spectrosopy sujithSUJITH KP

Theory of LossesVatsal Manavar

Mossbauer spectroscopyYogesh Chauhan

Mossbauer SpectroscopyPreeti Choudhary

Biermann feedbackAtner Yegorov

SPM PHYSICS DEFINITION FORMULA Max Wong

Transfer of heatAnuradha Sajwan

Effect of magnetic field in m?ssbauer spectroscopyAnuradha Verma

Reversal mechanism in single domain Muhammad Usama Daud

The uncertainty principlefarman53

Mossbauer spectra ppt copyJEYADEVI5

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle SalmaAjmal

Heisenberg uncertainty principleSatyavan65

Relatively and Quantum Mechanics assignment 5&7Dr. Yuqi Wang

UncertaintyBianchi Dy

Bell 301 material science unit iiiPrashant Kumar

Shock Tube BackgroundGOPAL DUTT LAKHERA

Explanation Of The Relationship Between The Temperature And Mass Of The Black...IOSR Journals

Mossbauer spectroscopy - Principles and applicationsSANTHANAM V

Heisenbergs uncertainity princpleShivanand Angadi

Mossbauer spectrosopy sujithSUJITH KP

Theory of LossesVatsal Manavar

Mossbauer spectroscopyYogesh Chauhan

Mossbauer SpectroscopyPreeti Choudhary

Biermann feedbackAtner Yegorov

SPM PHYSICS DEFINITION FORMULA Max Wong

Transfer of heatAnuradha Sajwan

Effect of magnetic field in m?ssbauer spectroscopyAnuradha Verma

Viewers also liked (20)

RESONE Workspace - Automate Administrationmarcelvenema

Rio2016_Technology_Factbook 1 of 3Marcelo Souza

Rio2016_Technology_Factbook 3 of 3Marcelo Souza

This document provides an overview and results from various technology operations for an event. Some key points: - The Technology Overview Center (TOC) was responsible for monitoring all systems and infrastructure during operations. Other technology venues included the Equipment Deployment Center (EDC), Primary Data Center (PDC), Secondary Data Center (SDC), and Integration Testing Lab (ITL). - Results showed equipment and room layouts designed, millions of messages sent and received, thousands of user accounts and print jobs. Headcount included over 5,500 contractors supporting the event. - Venue technology services planned requirements and installations at each venue, provided audio/video systems, and supported over 200 sports projects with over 500

Updated CCV Rahul Tab 2016 short Rahul Srivastava

Rahul Srivastava has over 4.6 years of experience in quality control, metallurgical operations, and research and development. He is currently an Assistant Manager at POSCO India Pvt. Ltd., where he oversees quality control and provides technical support. Previously, he held roles at Mittal Corp Ltd. and VBC Ferro Alloys Ind. Ltd. Rahul has expertise in steelmaking processes, quality standards, and metallurgical testing. He aims to take on challenging assignments to further enhance his knowledge and support organizational growth.

A Tight Ship: How Containers and SDS Optimize the EnterpriseEric Kavanagh

The document discusses the significant role of containers and software-defined storage (SDS) in optimizing enterprise IT environments, particularly highlighting Red Hat's offerings in these areas. It emphasizes the evolution of application management through containerization, the benefits of using open-source solutions, and future trends in storage technology. The document also presents insights from key Red Hat figures on their vision for transforming application deployment and the impact of innovative technologies on business agility.

Rio2016_Technology_Factbook 2 of 3Marcelo Souza

SilabusUlfi Wahyu

Silabus ini membahas pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) tentang Surat Al-Quran At-Tin di semester 1 untuk kelas IX. Materi pelajaran meliputi membaca surat At-Tin dengan benar, menyebutkan arti ayat-ayatnya, dan menjelaskan makna surat tersebut. Metode pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah membaca langsung, diskusi kelompok, dan penugasan rumah. Penilaian dilakukan secara lisan dan tertulis untuk meng

Bab 5 edowi fixAdit Kurniadi

Dokumen ini menjelaskan praktik kerja lapangan di proyek peningkatan jalan Lemahbang-Kaloran, dengan fokus pada pekerjaan konstruksi tanah dan dinding penahan tanah. Persiapan dan pengelolaan sumber daya manusia, material, alat, lalu lintas, dan drainase menjadi kunci sukses proyek ini. Proyek juga memerlukan sistem drainase yang baik untuk menjaga stabilitas dan mencegah keruntuhan struktur dinding penahan tanah.

Ppt50.pptm [autoguardado]lisbesita14

Este documento explica la diferencia entre identificar y conocer. Identificar es reconocer la identidad de algo o alguien, mientras que conocer implica tener una comprensi車n m芍s profunda a trav谷s del entendimiento y reconocimiento de las cualidades y circunstancias. La diferencia principal es que conocer involucra un estudio m芍s detallado del origen o definici車n, mientras que identificar se enfoca m芍s en las caracter赤sticas externas.

Headache in preeclampsiaStefannus Wibisono

Headaches in preeclampsia are caused by cerebrovascular overregulation and vasospasm as a result of acute and severe hypertension that exceeds the brain's autoregulatory capacity. Normally, cerebral blood flow remains constant through autoregulation, but in preeclampsia it decreases by 20% in the third trimester. Eclampsia occurs when endothelial damage from hypertension forces cerebral hyperperfusion and capillary fluid into the brain's interstitium, causing perivascular edema and neurological symptoms like headaches, visual changes, and seizures.

MyEpcTeam v1.1Tejas Patel

This document provides information about MyEpcTeam.com, a cloud-based project management solution for the construction industry. It discusses common challenges in construction project management and how MyEpcTeam addresses them through an integrated platform. Key features are highlighted such as construction scheduling, engineering workflows, procurement tracking, progress measurement, and issue/punchlist management. Pricing details are also included, with subscription rates ranging from $25-60 per user per quarter.

Una vez una granjaLucelida Garcia

Una tormenta repentina arras車 con la granja, llev芍ndose a uno de los pollitos y al pap芍 gallo. La mam芍 gallina y los pollitos restantes se sienten tristes y adoloridos. Un doctor conejo los examina y les explica que sus dolores son emocionales, producto del gran susto y las p谷rdidas sufridas. Los aconseja aceptar lo sucedido, desahogarse emocionalmente y reconstruir sus vidas con la ayuda de la comunidad.

Lisbet canolisbesita14

Este documento explica la diferencia entre identificar y conocer. Identificar es reconocer la identidad de alguien o algo, mientras que conocer implica tener una comprensi車n m芍s profunda de la naturaleza, cualidades y circunstancias de una persona u objeto. La diferencia clave es que conocer proporciona un estudio m芍s detallado, mientras que identificar se centra m芍s en las caracter赤sticas externas.

Klausz Melinda - Hirdet谷s a Facebook-onKlausz Melinda

Lisbet canolisbesita14

Este documento explica la diferencia entre identificar y conocer. Identificar es reconocer la identidad de alguien o algo, mientras que conocer implica tener una comprensi車n m芍s profunda a trav谷s del entendimiento de la naturaleza, cualidades y circunstancias. La diferencia clave es que conocer proporciona un estudio m芍s detallado, en comparaci車n con identificar que se enfoca m芍s en las caracter赤sticas externas.

Lisbet canolisbesita14

Este documento explica la diferencia entre identificar y conocer. Identificar es reconocer la identidad de alguien o algo, mientras que conocer implica tener una comprensi車n m芍s profunda a trav谷s del entendimiento de la naturaleza, cualidades y circunstancias. La diferencia clave es que conocer va m芍s all芍 de las caracter赤sticas superficiales e implica un estudio detallado del origen o definici車n.

wudhu'Ulfi Wahyu

A tour of ethereum ecosystemChang-Wu Chen

Ppt50.pptm [autoguardado]lisbesita14

Este documento explica la diferencia entre identificar y conocer. Identificar es reconocer la identidad de alguien o algo, mientras que conocer implica tener una comprensi車n m芍s profunda a trav谷s del entendimiento de la naturaleza, cualidades y circunstancias. La diferencia principal es que conocer va m芍s all芍 de las caracter赤sticas y requiere un estudio detallado del origen o definici車n.

Transformation of martensiteAsad Alamgir Shaikh

Martensitic transformations are diffusionless, solid-state structural changes driven by shear displacements. They occur rapidly in many metal, ceramic, and polymer systems. Important examples include the transformation of austenite to martensite in steels during quenching, and the shape memory effect exploited in medical devices like stents. The Bain model originally proposed the mechanism as a combination of homogeneous lattice deformation and atomic shuffles, but has inconsistencies. Modern understanding involves dislocation or shear-based mechanisms constrained by the crystallography of the parent and product phases.

RESONE Workspace - Automate Administrationmarcelvenema

Rio2016_Technology_Factbook 1 of 3Marcelo Souza

Rio2016_Technology_Factbook 3 of 3Marcelo Souza

Updated CCV Rahul Tab 2016 short Rahul Srivastava

A Tight Ship: How Containers and SDS Optimize the EnterpriseEric Kavanagh

Rio2016_Technology_Factbook 2 of 3Marcelo Souza

SilabusUlfi Wahyu

Bab 5 edowi fixAdit Kurniadi

Ppt50.pptm [autoguardado]lisbesita14

Headache in preeclampsiaStefannus Wibisono

MyEpcTeam v1.1Tejas Patel

Una vez una granjaLucelida Garcia

Lisbet canolisbesita14

Klausz Melinda - Hirdet谷s a Facebook-onKlausz Melinda

Lisbet canolisbesita14

wudhu'Ulfi Wahyu

A tour of ethereum ecosystemChang-Wu Chen

Ppt50.pptm [autoguardado]lisbesita14

Transformation of martensiteAsad Alamgir Shaikh

Recently uploaded (20)

VARICELLA VACCINATION: A POTENTIAL STRATEGY FOR PREVENTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSISijab2

郔陔唳藝弊吤蘆攝縐悝埏救珛痐ㄗ釦紼唬救珛痐抎ㄘ埻唳隅秶Taqyea

牖衾森ㄛ隅秶吤蘆攝縐悝埏悝弇痐抎枑汔薩盪▽q瑄1954292140▼埻唳詢溘吤蘆攝縐悝埏救珛痐(SMC救珛痐抎)褫珂艘傖ⅲ欴掛▽q瑄1954292140▼堆蠟賤樵婓藝弊吤蘆攝縐悝埏帤救珛麵枙ㄛ藝弊救珛痐劃鎗ㄛ藝弊恅ⅹ劃鎗ㄛ▽q峚1954292140▼藝弊恅ⅹ劃鎗ㄛ藝弊恅ⅹ隅秶ㄛ藝弊恅ⅹ硃域﹝蚳珛婓盄隅秶藝弊湮悝恅ⅹㄛ隅酕藝弊掛褪恅ⅹㄛ▽q峚1954292140▼葩秶藝弊Santa Monica College completion letter﹝婓盄辦厒硃域藝弊掛褪救珛痐﹜侀尪恅ⅹ痐抎ㄛ劃鎗藝弊悝弇痐﹜吤蘆攝縐悝埏Offerㄛ藝弊湮悝恅ⅹ婓盄劃鎗﹝ ⺼彆蠟揭衾眕狟撓笱ロ錶ㄩ ⊙婓苺ヽ潔ㄛ秪跪笱埻秪帤夔佼瞳救珛＃＃鏽祥善夥源救珛痐 ⊙醱勤虜譫腔揤薯ㄛ洷咡鴃辦鏽善˙ ⊙祥ラ奠＇痐霜最眕摯第蹋蜆⺼睡袧掘˙ ⊙隙弊奀潔竭酗ㄛ咭暮域燴˙ ⊙隙弊鎮奻憩猁梑馱釬ㄛ域跤蚚�等弇艘˙ ⊙き岈珛等弇斛剕猁А域燴腔 ⊙剒猁惆蕉鼠昢埜﹜劃鎗轎阭陬﹜邈蛌誧諳 ⊙扠ワ隱悝汜斐珛價踢 ▽葩覦珨杶吤蘆攝縐悝埏救珛痐傖憎等陓猾脹第蹋郔ッ馴謹,Buy Santa Monica College Transcripts▼ 劃鎗゜澈傖憎等﹜荎弊湮悝傖憎等﹜藝弊湮悝傖憎等﹜凰粔湮悝傖憎等﹜樓鏽湮湮悝傖憎等ㄗq峚1954292140ㄘ陔樓亠湮悝傖憎等﹜陔昹擘湮悝傖憎等﹜乾嫌擘傖憎等﹜昹啤挴傖憎等﹜肅弊傖憎等﹝傖憎等腔砩砱翋猁极珋婓痐隴悝炾夔薯﹜丿嘛悝扲掖劓﹜桯尨軘磁匼窐﹜枑詢翹龰薹ㄛ眕摯岆釬峈隱陓＇痐扠ワ第蹋腔珨窒煦﹝ 吤蘆攝縐悝埏傖憎等夔劂极珋蠟腔腔悝炾夔薯ㄛ婦嬤吤蘆攝縐悝埏諺最傖憎﹜蚳珛夔薯﹜旃噶夔薯﹝ㄗq峚1954292140ㄘ撿极懂佽ㄛ傖憎惆豢等籵都婦漪悝汜腔悝炾撮夔迵炾嫦﹜跪褪傖憎眕摯橾呇丿逄脹窒煦ㄛ秪森ㄛ傖憎等祥躺岆悝汜悝扲夔薯腔痐隴ㄛ珩岆丿嘛悝汜岆瘁巠磁議跺諒郤砐醴腔笭猁甡擂ㄐ

Engineering Mechanics Introduction and its ApplicationSakthivel M

Modern multi-proposer consensus implementationsFran?ois Garillot

Multi-proposer consensus protocols let multiple validators propose blocks in parallel, breaking the single-leader throughput bottleneck of classic designs. Yet the modern multi-proposer consensus implementation has grown a lot since HotStuff. THisworkshop will explore the implementation details of recent advances 每 DAG-based approaches like Narwhal and Sui＊s Mysticeti 每 and reveal how implementation details translate to real-world performance gains. We focus on the nitty-gritty: how network communication patterns and data handling affect throughput and latency. New techniques such as Turbine-like block propagation (inspired by Solana＊s erasure-coded broadcast) and lazy push gossip broadcasting dramatically cut communication overhead. These optimizations aren＊t just theoretical 每 they enable modern blockchains to process over 100,000 transactions per second with finality in mere milliseconds? redefining what is possible in decentralized systems.

Industry 4.o the fourth revolutionWeek-2.pptxKNaveenKumarECE

COMPOSITE COLUMN IN STEEL CONCRETE COMPOSITES.pptravicivil

Water demand - Types , variations and WDSdhanashree78

Microwatt: Open Tiny Core, Big PossibilitiesIBM

Fundamentals of Digital Design_Class_12th April.pptxdrdebarshi1993

Understanding Amplitude Modulation : A GuideCircuitDigest

chemistry investigatory project for class 12Susis10

IPL_Logic_Flow.pdf Mainframe IPLMainframe IPLKhadijaKhadijaAouadi

362 Alec Data Center Solutions-Slysium Data Center-AUH-Adaptaflex.pdfdjiceramil

Introduction to Natural Language Processing - Stages in NLP Pipeline, Challen...resming1

362 Alec Data Center Solutions-Slysium Data Center-AUH-ABB Furse.pdfdjiceramil

NALCO Green Anode Plant,Compositions of CPC,Pitcharpitprachi123

The basics of hydrogenation of co2 reactionkumarrahul230759

Center Enamel can Provide Aluminum Dome Roofs for diesel tank.docxCenterEnamel

362 Alec Data Center Solutions-Slysium Data Center-AUH-Adaptaflex.pdfdjiceramil

02 - Ethics & Professionalism - BEM, IEM, MySET.PPTSharinAbGhani1

VARICELLA VACCINATION: A POTENTIAL STRATEGY FOR PREVENTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSISijab2

郔陔唳藝弊吤蘆攝縐悝埏救珛痐ㄗ釦紼唬救珛痐抎ㄘ埻唳隅秶Taqyea

Engineering Mechanics Introduction and its ApplicationSakthivel M

Modern multi-proposer consensus implementationsFran?ois Garillot

Industry 4.o the fourth revolutionWeek-2.pptxKNaveenKumarECE

COMPOSITE COLUMN IN STEEL CONCRETE COMPOSITES.pptravicivil

Water demand - Types , variations and WDSdhanashree78

Microwatt: Open Tiny Core, Big PossibilitiesIBM

Fundamentals of Digital Design_Class_12th April.pptxdrdebarshi1993

Understanding Amplitude Modulation : A GuideCircuitDigest

chemistry investigatory project for class 12Susis10

IPL_Logic_Flow.pdf Mainframe IPLMainframe IPLKhadijaKhadijaAouadi

362 Alec Data Center Solutions-Slysium Data Center-AUH-Adaptaflex.pdfdjiceramil

Introduction to Natural Language Processing - Stages in NLP Pipeline, Challen...resming1

362 Alec Data Center Solutions-Slysium Data Center-AUH-ABB Furse.pdfdjiceramil

NALCO Green Anode Plant,Compositions of CPC,Pitcharpitprachi123

The basics of hydrogenation of co2 reactionkumarrahul230759

Center Enamel can Provide Aluminum Dome Roofs for diesel tank.docxCenterEnamel

362 Alec Data Center Solutions-Slysium Data Center-AUH-Adaptaflex.pdfdjiceramil

02 - Ethics & Professionalism - BEM, IEM, MySET.PPTSharinAbGhani1

Zener relexation p pt

1. ZENER RELAXATION Mechanical Spectroscopy LECTURER: PROF. IGOR .S GOLOVIN By: Asad Alamgir Shaikh

2. History Of Zener ? During that period from the mid-1930s to the early ＊40s, Zener developed the field of internal friction. ? With simple oscillating strain measurements as a function of temperature, he obtained activation energies for the diffusion of solute atoms in metals, particularly carbon and nitrogen atoms in iron. This development and an associated paper, ※A Method of Calculating Energy Losses During Impact§ (Zener 1939), led to his call in 1942 to the Watertown Arsenal to develop stronger steel for the U.S. Army

3. Zener Relaxation Discovered by Zener in 1943. ? A single crystal of 汐-brass (Cu 70: Zn 30). exhibits a well defined internal friction peak near 400～C for a Frequency of 620Hz. ? The existence of solute next neighbour pairs or clusters results in a relaxation maximum, called ※Zener peak§, in a temperature range where the solute atoms are mobile and enable reorientation of the solute atom pair in the lattice under the action of the applied stress. This applies not only for fcc but also for other crystal types (bcc, hcp).

4. ? Zener estimated the activation energy of the relaxation from the shape of the peak. And obtained a figure of 1.5ev in Cu Zn. ? After that in (1947) he proposed the "pair- reorientation" model which boost up the further experiments and a general interest in the phenomenon. ? Variation of internal friction with temperature in polycrystalline and single- crystal specimens of 汐-brass. The measurements were made in torsional vibration at approximately 0.5 Hz.

5. Pair-reorientation ? There are several atomic diffusional jumps with unknown consecutive may be involved in each place change reorientation, the pre-exponential jump time in diffusion may not coincide in general with the corresponding value Toz of the zener relaxation, which is in the order of 10?15 s .

6. Characteristic Parameters 1)Relaxation strength 忖Z for Zener 2)Relaxation time 而Z show the following dependencies. As pairs of atoms are involved, for dilute and random solid solutions the relaxation strength, which is proportional to the number of reorienting pairs, it should be proportional to the solute concentration squared, ?2, ≦ ?2 (1 ? ?)2, with a Boltzmann factor including the binding energy EB,

7. Cont＃ ? The relaxation strength varies approximately proportional to 1/T for fixed concentrations. ? For different solid solutions the peak height varies from ? ＞ 5.10?14 (???1at C=0.1, (Rb in K) to 530.10?14 (Cu in Al , C=0.1). ? If these values are recalculated per 1 at%, they turn out to be much lower then for the snoek relaxation, because substitution atoms distort the crystal lattice much weaker then interstitial atoms do.

8. Temperature-dependence of relaxation times Arrhenius plots of the relaxation times, 而 of the Zener peak. Values of 而 were determined through the condition, 肋而=1, at the peak position, where 肋 is the angular frequency. Pre-exponential factors 而0,and activation energies H, for the relaxation process defined by the equation,

9. The Zener peak height ? In the case of concentrated solid solutions the relaxation is accompanied by a change of the degree of short-range order. According to the theory of LeClaire and Lomer (1954) the Zener peak height is Q??1 汐[?0f (X0,C) ?2( 1- ?2)/(KT)] ? (竹(?))2 Type equation here. where V0 Is the atomic volume coe?cients ?(p)=(?汍/?聿p)考,T. Q??1 = ?f (X0,C) ?2 ( 1- ?2 )/(KT)] ? (竹(?) )2 . ?? ?? ? 1+(??)2 Pair for solute atoms Zener Relaxation.

10. Application of Zener relaxation ? Zener relaxation for studying the defect-controlled nature of the atomic mobility in solid solutions probably constitutes its most important application.

11. References: 1) Materials science series [v. 1] A.S. Nowick (Auth.)- Anelastic Relaxation in Crystalline Solids-New York, Academic Press (1972). 2) Internal Friction in metallic materials Hand Book.

端端舝

Zener relexation p pt

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Zener relexation p pt