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? Introduction
? History
? Device Types
? How Zigbee Works
? Layer of Zigbee Networks
? Stack Architecture
? Topologies
? Uses
? Applications
? Future
? Conclusion

? Technological Standard Created for Control and Sensor
Networks
? Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard
? High level Communication
? Operates in Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) and
Device-to-Device networks
? Created by the ZigBee Alliance
? Connectivity between small packet devices
? Control of lights, switches, thermostats, appliances, etc.

? ZigBee-style networks began to be conceived about 1998,
when many engineers realized that both WiFi and Bluetooth
were going to be unsuitable for many applications.
In particular, many engineers saw a need for self-organizing
ad-hoc digital radio networks.
? The IEEE 802.15.4 standard was completed in May 2003.
? The ZigBee specifications were ratified on 14 December
2004.
? The ZigBee Alliance announces public availability of
Specification 1.0 on 13 June 2005.

There are three different types of ZigBee device:
? ZigBee coordinator (ZC)
? ZigBee Router (ZR)
? ZigBee End Device (ZED)

? ZigBee coordinator (ZC): The most capable device, the
coordinator forms the root of the network tree and might
bridge to other networks.
There is exactly one ZigBee coordinator in each network. It
is able to store information about the network, including
acting as the repository for security keys.

? ZigBee Router (ZR): Routers can act as an intermediate
router, passing data from other devices.
? ZigBee End Device (ZED): Contains just enough
functionality to talk to its parent node (either the coordinator
or a router); it cannot relay data from other devices. It
requires the least amount of memory, and therefore can be
less expensive to manufacture than a ZR or ZC.

? Low cost
? Low power consumption
? Low data rate
? Relatively short transmission range
? Scalability and reliability
? Flexible protocol design suitable for many applications

? 65,536 network (client) nodes
? 27 channels over 2 bands
? 250Kbps data rate
? Optimized for timing-critical
applications and power
management
? Full Mesh Networking Support
Network coordinator
Full Function node
Reduced Function node
Communications flow
Virtual links
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? Topology
Star
Cluster Tree
Mesh
? Network coordinator, routers, end devices

? Network and Application Support layer
? Physical (PHY) layer
? Media access control (MAC) layer

Application
Initiate and join network
Manage network
Determine device relationships
Send and receive messages
Physical Radio (PHY)
Medium Access (MAC)
Application ZDO
NWK
App Support (APS)
SSP
Security functions
Network organization
Route discovery
Message relaying
Device binding
Messaging
Device management
Device discovery
Service discovery
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? Different topologies as illustrated below: star, peer-to-
peer, mesh

? Star Topology
? Advantage
? Easy to synchronize
? Low latency
? Disadvantage
? Small scale

? Mesh Topology
? Advantage
? Robust multihop communication
? Network is more flexible
? Lower latency
? Disadvantage
? Route discovery is costly
? Needs storage for routing table

? Cluster Tree
? Advantage
? Low routing cost
? Allow multihop communication
? Disadvantage
? Route reconstruction is costly
? Latency may be quite long

? Optimized for different applications
? ZigBee
? Smaller packets over large network
? Mostly Static networks with many, infrequently used devices
? Home automation, toys, remote controls, etc.
? Bluetooth
? Larger packets over small network
? Ad�\hoc networks
? File transfer
? Screen graphics, pictures, handsfree audio, Mobile phones,
headsets, PDAs, etc.

In all of its uses, zigbee offers four inherent, beneficial
characteristics:
? Low cost:
? Range and obstruction issue avoidance:
? Multisource products:
? Low power consumption:

PERSONAL
HEALTH CARE
HOME
AUTOMATION
CONSUMER
ELECTRONIC
PC &
PERIPHERALS
consoles
portables
educational TOYS &
GAMES
INDUSTRIAL &
COMMERCIAL
monitors
sensors
automation
control
monitors
diagnostics
sensors
security
HVAC
lighting
closures
mouse
keyboard
joystick
TV VCR
DVD/CD
Remote
control
APPLICATIONS

? A recent analyst report issued by West Technology
Research Solutions estimates that by the year 2008,
"annual shipments for ZigBee chipsets into the home
automation segment alone will exceed 339 million
units," and will show up in "light switches, fire and
smoke detectors, thermostats, appliances in the kitchen,
video and audio remote controls, landscaping, and
security systems."
? Futurists are sure to hold ZigBee up and say, "See, I told
you so".

? ZigBee is one of the global standards of communication
protocol formulated by the relevant task force.
? ZigBee is the newest and provides specifications for devices
that have low data rates, consume very low power and are
thus characterized by long battery life.

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Zigbee Technology

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