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data link layer banwidth transmission media infrared connection microwave bluetooth connectivity services provided by operating system operating system introduction components of operating system direct&indirect communication synchronization message format message passing promitives inter process communication file attributes file structure open file methods file operation file types file system interface interrupt handling with i/o i/o with polling i/o i/o hardware cable tv network digital subcriber line dial up modems introduction to telephone network datagram message switching packet switching types of switching switching bouded buffer technique semaphore in unix variables used in semaphore semaphore presentation and application layer transport layer osi model session layer physical layer broad band services tcp/ip connection types home network computer network connecting to iternet device management approaches