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Language and gender presentation

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悋悗悸 惡悋
悋悗悸 惡悋

This document discusses gender differences in language use. It begins by defining sex as biological differences between male and female, while gender describes masculine and feminine social and cultural characteristics. Several studies and theorists are cited that suggest women generally talk more, are more polite and cooperative, while men swear more, talk about sports and women in objectifying ways, and dominate conversations. Differences are also noted in topics discussed, use of questions versus statements, eye contact, and intent to connect versus gain status. In conclusion, literature shows clear differences between male and female conversational styles, likely influenced by differing social roles and expectations.

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LANGUAGE AND GENDER Prepared By: HOURIA Afafe
CONTENT: Introduction Sex and Gender Gender differences in language use Conclusion
INTRODUCTION: Who is possibly talking ? 1-a) oh dear, youve put the ice-cream into the fridge, again? 1-b)damn ! Youve put the ice-cream into the fridge, again? 2-a) what a divine idea! 2-b) what a terrific idea! It is obvious that the men and women who speak a language use it in different ways; it can be claimed that there are differences in mens and womens speech since boys and girls are brought up in different ways and they generally fill different roles in society.
SEX AND GENDER: Sex = male and female Gender = masculine and feminine So Sex refers to biological differences; chromosomes, hormonal profiles, internal and external sex organs. Gender describes the characteristics that a society or culture delineates as masculine or feminine.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN LANGUAGE USE: George Keith and John Shuttleworth (2008) in Living Language (p.222) suggest that: women - talk more than men, talk too much, are more polite, are indecisive/hesitant, complain and nag, ask more questions, support each other, are more co-operative while men - swear more, don't talk about emotions, talk about sport more, talk about women and machines in the same way, insult each other frequently, are competitive in conversation, dominate conversation, speak with more authority, give more commands, interrupt more.
Jennifer Coates (1993) claims that: Men will often reject a topic of conversation introduced by women while women will accept the topics introduced by men, they discuss male topics e.g. business, sport, politics, economics Women are more likely to initiate conversation than men, but less likely to make the conversation succeed .
Deborah Tannens views: Physical orientation: male avoid eye contact while female use eye contact. Status and connection: male talks for status and female talks for solidarity. Directness and indirectness: male generally moves from decision to discussion in contrast female moves from discussion to decision. Male is talkative in public and quite in private while female is quite in public and talkative in private.
Robin Lakoff in his book Language and Womans Place (1975) and in a related article published some claims that women; Speak less frequently Show they are listening by using minimal responses mm, yeah Speak more quietly than men and tend to use the higher pitch range of their voices Use hyper-correct grammar and pronunciation: Standard English Use a greater range of intonation and speak in italics: so, very, quite. Use question intonation in declarative statements: women make declarative statements into questions by raising the pitch of their voice at the end of a statement, expressing uncertainty. Overuse qualifiers: (for example, I think that...) Hedge: using phrases like sort of, kind of, it seems like. Use super-polite forms: Would you mind...,I'd appreciate it if..., ...if you don't mind. Apologise more: (for instance, I'm sorry, but I think that...) Use tag questions: You're going to dinner, aren't you? Have a special lexicon: e.g. women use more words for colours, men for sports
CONCLUSION: As the literature shows, there is obviously a difference between men and women and the way, the style they hold their conversations. Mens language is clearly different than womens. Women are frequently asked why they are not direct, why they seem to be hesitating a lot which makes them look uncertain. On the other hand, men tend to raise topics more frequently than women do; men tend to use conversation to swap information, instead of building up intimacy or community, unlike women. A possible explanation for this might be laying in the evolution we had and the different tasks assigned to men and women.
Language and gender presentation

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Language and gender presentation

  • 1. LANGUAGE AND GENDER Prepared By: HOURIA Afafe
  • 2. CONTENT: Introduction Sex and Gender Gender differences in language use Conclusion
  • 3. INTRODUCTION: Who is possibly talking ? 1-a) oh dear, youve put the ice-cream into the fridge, again? 1-b)damn ! Youve put the ice-cream into the fridge, again? 2-a) what a divine idea! 2-b) what a terrific idea! It is obvious that the men and women who speak a language use it in different ways; it can be claimed that there are differences in mens and womens speech since boys and girls are brought up in different ways and they generally fill different roles in society.
  • 4. SEX AND GENDER: Sex = male and female Gender = masculine and feminine So Sex refers to biological differences; chromosomes, hormonal profiles, internal and external sex organs. Gender describes the characteristics that a society or culture delineates as masculine or feminine.
  • 5. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN LANGUAGE USE: George Keith and John Shuttleworth (2008) in Living Language (p.222) suggest that: women - talk more than men, talk too much, are more polite, are indecisive/hesitant, complain and nag, ask more questions, support each other, are more co-operative while men - swear more, don't talk about emotions, talk about sport more, talk about women and machines in the same way, insult each other frequently, are competitive in conversation, dominate conversation, speak with more authority, give more commands, interrupt more.
  • 6. Jennifer Coates (1993) claims that: Men will often reject a topic of conversation introduced by women while women will accept the topics introduced by men, they discuss male topics e.g. business, sport, politics, economics Women are more likely to initiate conversation than men, but less likely to make the conversation succeed .
  • 7. Deborah Tannens views: Physical orientation: male avoid eye contact while female use eye contact. Status and connection: male talks for status and female talks for solidarity. Directness and indirectness: male generally moves from decision to discussion in contrast female moves from discussion to decision. Male is talkative in public and quite in private while female is quite in public and talkative in private.
  • 8. Robin Lakoff in his book Language and Womans Place (1975) and in a related article published some claims that women; Speak less frequently Show they are listening by using minimal responses mm, yeah Speak more quietly than men and tend to use the higher pitch range of their voices Use hyper-correct grammar and pronunciation: Standard English Use a greater range of intonation and speak in italics: so, very, quite. Use question intonation in declarative statements: women make declarative statements into questions by raising the pitch of their voice at the end of a statement, expressing uncertainty. Overuse qualifiers: (for example, I think that...) Hedge: using phrases like sort of, kind of, it seems like. Use super-polite forms: Would you mind...,I'd appreciate it if..., ...if you don't mind. Apologise more: (for instance, I'm sorry, but I think that...) Use tag questions: You're going to dinner, aren't you? Have a special lexicon: e.g. women use more words for colours, men for sports
  • 9. CONCLUSION: As the literature shows, there is obviously a difference between men and women and the way, the style they hold their conversations. Mens language is clearly different than womens. Women are frequently asked why they are not direct, why they seem to be hesitating a lot which makes them look uncertain. On the other hand, men tend to raise topics more frequently than women do; men tend to use conversation to swap information, instead of building up intimacy or community, unlike women. A possible explanation for this might be laying in the evolution we had and the different tasks assigned to men and women.