際際滷

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W揃揃古
Redhung@CNA
┗?繁
Who am I
? 掌K Redhung
? Y砿?屈
? Y芦柎
? CNAW砿、^砿
? 疥萇Locking縮W==殖
? d箸CTF、柳玲
械?喘?
W揃揃峺綜
械?宥f
協c室g
Y創f
蛍喨?
W揃揃尺
嘘尚
W揃揃
採^W揃揃
? 橘┥W揃揃O篏嘖?匯軟@乂
O簟埃慰倡g議箪初宴宴侘撹
阻阻W揃揃。
W揃揃(network)
W揃揃 Network
? 壓協x貧掲械立sW揃揃祥頁?匯蛤宥^?匯協侘塀B俊軟躓帝X。
? ⊇K極狼y麼C才撃淫住Q匂嶄^嫋參宥BY┥揃揃珎B侘撹W揃揃。
? W揃揃議蛍嗤S謹N┨喇?弌?崛?寄
? PANPersonal Area Network
? LANLocal Area Network
? MANMetropolitan Area Network
? WANWide Area Network
? Internet頁喇弊順貧侭嗤X邑^TCP/IPf協B俊壓?匯軟議W揃揃。
? ?朕念Internet議Y坿c捲孥邀J?喘議?圭塀辛蛍蕋
? ?徨]周ElectronicMailQEmail
? 畠白YWWorldWideWebQWWW
? n宛f協FileTransferProtocolQFTP
? ?徨儻擅BulletinBoardSystemQBBS
? Y臥Search
WHW揃揃Internet
f協 Protocol
? 協xO岻g泌採詫─
? 詫┻r昨駅聞?喘敷脅嬬t盾議詫?圭塀嘉誼峡。
? 祥駟?繁壓詫r俶勣聞?喘敷脅尖尖盾議揖NZ?冱。
M了
? 參械?喘議?噴M了(Decimal)蘋箭
? 參?噴薺機
? 耽了鬼燕?匯肝?圭。
? 耽了客?噴憲燕?幣?
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
104 103 102 101 100
90834 9 0 8 3 4
54321 5 4 3 2 1
?屈M了 Binary
? ?屈M了參0才1燕?幣丘機
? X邑^?徨圷周仏參今參嗤(1)、o(0)Υ罅∂\
麻Y創。
? 茅緩岻翌壓X議I囃匆械聞?喘伊M了c?噴鎗M了躅?幣丘機
24 23 22 21 20
10101 1 0 1 0 1
11000 1 1 0 0 0
械?喘M了Q麻
? 販吭M了DQ?噴M了
M了 聞?喘憲
箭箭
?3 ?2 ?1 ?0
?噴M了
decimal
01234?
56789
(9487)10 = ( 9x103 + 4x102 + 8x101 + 7x100 )10
?屈M了
binary
01 (1010)2 = ( 1x23 + 0x22 + 1x21 + 0x20 )10
伊M了
Octal
0123?
4567
(4713)8 = ( 4x83 + 7x82 + 1x81 + 3x80 )10
?噴鎗M了
Hexadecimal
01234567?
89ABCDEF
(FB45)16 = ( 15x163 + 11x162 + 4x161 + 5x160 )10
? 旋旋?喘玉茅隈辛?噴M了DQ蘰篷M了。
? (43)10 ?
= (1x20 + 1x21 + 0x22 + 1x23 + 0x24 + 1x25)10?
= (101011)2
械?喘M了Q麻
43
21
10
5
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
0
0
械?喘M了Q麻
555
69
8
1
8
8
8
3
5
0
6666
416
26
1
16
16
16
10
0
10
(555)10 = (1053)8 (6666)10 = (1A0A)16
械?喘M了Q麻
(555)10 20 22 21 20 22 21 20 22 21 20
(1000101011)2 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
(1053)8 1 0 5 3
80818283
械?喘M了Q麻
(6666)10 20 23 22 21 20 23 22 21 20 23 22 21 20
(1101000001010)2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
(1A0A)16 1 A 0 A
160161162163
Exercise
?噴M了
decimal
?屈M了
binary
?噴鎗M了
Hexadecimal
87
1111001
FB
Exercise
?噴M了
decimal
?屈M了
binary
?噴鎗M了
Hexadecimal
87 1010111 57
121 1111001 79
251 11111011 FB
? AND (拝, … )
? ?寄ANDo徘議?廉肱
? OR (賜, ‥ )
? ?寄ORo徘議?廉肱
? NOT (掲, ? )
? NOT?寄議?廉肱

? 宥械議寔邪峙X?喘1躅?幣True0燕?幣False。
?寄 o徘 ?寄ANDo徘 ?寄ORo徘 NOT?寄
1 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 1

? 宥械議寔邪峙X?喘1躅?幣True0燕?幣False。
p q p … q p ‥ q ? p
1 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 1
堀業領
? Kbps = kilobits per second = Kb/s?
認了圷 耽 昼
? 1 Mbps = 1 Mb/s = 1024 Kb/s?
械?喘領
否楚楚領
1 Byte?
了圷M
= 8 bits?
了圷
1 Kb = 1024 bits
1 KB = 1024 Bytes
1 MB = 1024 KB
1 GB = 1024 MB
1 TB = 1024 GB
械?喘領
? ?垢殻嶄議 1K = 1000, 1M = 1000K
? 210 = 1024
? 咀?醍?遇械聞?喘 1MB = 1000KB 恂盾
? 啣wS斌械參 1GB = 1000 MB ?伏a啣w
蛍喨従W揃揃尺
OSI Model & TCP/IP Model
蛍喨従W揃揃尺
蛍喨従W揃揃尺
犯  x函
佚撃 撃b 介_
誘f ]猷 佚
]餓 函周 僕_
篠周宀 辺周宀
蛍喨従W揃揃尺
? c
? 晒
? 併
? ?垢殻庁侏晒
? H併MISO戻竃 OSI model
? H貧聞?喘議頁 TCP/IP model
OSI Model TCP/IP Model
及鈍 ?喘
Application Layer
?喘
Application Layer
及励啜攸 燕_?
Presentation Layer
及励 
Session Layer
及膨 
Transport Layer

Transport Layer
及膨
及眉 W揃揃
Network Layer
WHW揃揃
Internet Layer
及眉
及?屈 Y創Y
Data Link Layer
BY
Link Layer
及?屈
及?匯 w
Physical Layer
w
Physical Layer
及?匯

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?喘 Application Layer
? Xc?繁札啜捗?中輻f祥頁?喘殻塀圀f議連壓
緩嘔責娉四f協D晒文駟宗
? 宥f協HTTP、FTP、SMTP
? 連(Message)

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燕_ Presentation Layer
? ?喘殻塀g詫r議Y創Da、鎖s、紗畜盾畜搆挟咤咀音揖
X貧聞?喘議鯉塀嗤侭音揖。

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 Session Layer
? 秀羨、砿尖尖、K?峭?喘殻塀g議宥
? _JW揃揃捲宀B議秀羨。
? 辛秀羨z臥c?喘參指疴。
 Transport Layer
? ?喘啜柘連壓緩啀伺亳^粁K紗貧會。
? 云?喘豢陣崙Y創KM?佩佩腐e、e`タ軅輌坿_隠Y創屎_僕_
? f協TCP、UDP
? ^粁(Segment)、Port、Socket

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Port & Socket
? Port(B俊穏)
? 0~1023些qv殻塀、AO狼y殻塀
? 1024~65535再篷殻塀(?徭)
? Eg:
? HTTP80
? Telnet23

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? Socket
? 參IP address才PortM撹socket address
? 撃淫ァ嗤輳甘c?朕議仇議socket address
泌緩秀羨B瘁祥辛參住QY創 。
? E.g. 127.0.0.1:8080
謹?垢c盾謹?垢
? 謹?垢(multiplexing)僕極Y創u撹^粁紗貧僕極c俊辺極議
port僕竃肇。
? 盾謹?垢(demultiplexing) 砂喨婉吠婬^粁瘁介盾竃Y創K住o屎
_議port。

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TCP & UDP 
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f協  ^粁會 e`タ軅 堀業 貧f協
TCP
Transmission Control
Protocol
B
(眉?圭燐?返)
嗤會 嶷 ^蛸
HTTP?
FTP
UDP
User Datagram Protocol
o o會 G ^酔
DNS?
軸r唹?咄堪堪送
眉?圭燐?返 Three-Way Handshake 
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SYN
SYN-ACK
ACK
眉?圭燐?返 Three-Way Handshake 
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SYN
SYN-ACK
ACK
1. A債龝瓧
2. B採參昃牽椎低椿
3. A犀昃牽
4. blablabla..._兵υ
眉?圭燐?返 Three-Way Handshake 
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SYN
SYN-ACK
ACK
撃淫會N_Ja
撃淫會M_JaN+1
撃淫會N+1_JaM+1
WHW揃揃 Internet Layer
? 云財楚楚柎毘殻業、捲嫺警|、撃淫枠會、揃揃喇債吉Q協
Y創恷煮僕揃揃彯
? O筍座径罫鋲(Router)
? f協IP
? 撃淫(Packet)

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Internet Protocol
? IPv4(32 bits)
? 參?屈M了燕?幣10001100.01111011.00000101.00000101
? 械?鯉塀?噴M了140.123.5.5
? IPv6(128 bits)
? 械?鯉塀?噴鎗M了2001:4860:4860:0000:0000:8888
? :岻g飛飛脅頁巣辛?喘::音^?匯MIP峪辛聞?喘?匯肝緩。
? 2001:4860:4860::8888

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揃揃喇匂 Router
? 揃揃喇匂辛參Dl念吏音揖W揃揃議撃淫。
? 翌何揃揃徰潰Y創fQ蘋@僕(Routing) 。
? Q協撃淫勣吏陳W揃揃。
? O伐慎潰Y創fQ蛩D僕(Forwarding)。

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? 揃揃喇匂B俊謹?徨W揃揃
? 壓揖?匯?徨W揃揃筏綴C脅輦佻猖撞IP了峽
? ?徨W揃揃議及?匯IPNetwork ID
? ?徨W揃揃嶄議恷瘁?匯IP Boardcast IP
? 嘔D嶄嗤?徨W揃揃
? 233.1.2.0 /24、233.1.3.0 /24
?徨W揃揃 Subnet 
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233.1.2.1
233.1.2.2
233.1.3.1
233.1.3.2
233.1.3.0/24233.1.2.0/24
? Mask 喇?屈M了M撹喜塘AND\麻辛孳盈峺協議Y創。
? 野1議了崔隠藻藻野0議了崔孳盈。
? Eg
孳孛 Mask 
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Data 11001001 10101010 11111111
Mask 11111111 11110000 10101010
Result 11001001 10100000 10101010
? 喇?屈M了Bm議1M撹cIP議燕?幣?圭隈犒臓
? 呀辛壓IP瘁?圭參 仝/ 1議義秦拭恒?幣。
? 參貧?匯?蘋箭
? /24 旗燕32了圷嶄議念24了圷協x阻阻?徨W揃揃議了峽。
? 牀豢(11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000)2 ?
= (255.255.255.0)10
?徨W揃揃孳孛 Subnet Mask 
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? 參192.168.239.176 /26蘋箭
?徨W揃揃麻 
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IP 11000000 . 10101000 . 11101111 . 10110000 = 192.168.239.176
Mask 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 11000000 = 255.255.255.192
Subnet 11000000 . 10101000 . 11101111 . 10000000 = 192.168.239.128
Network ID 11000000 . 10101000 . 11101111 . 10000000 = 192.168.239.128
Broadcast IP 11000000 . 10101000 . 11101111 . 10111111 = 192.168.239.191
Exercise 
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? 戻?幣
? IP Address AND Mask
? ?遍IP蚶?徨W揃揃議Network ID掲辛?喘IP
? 挑IP蚶?徨W揃揃議Broadcast IP 掲辛?喘IP
? Q1. 192.160.239.176 /23 議?
?徨W揃揃兆Q
? Q2. 辛?喘議IP嗤謹富
Exercise 
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? 192.168.239.176 /23
? 緩W粁嗤 29 - 2 = 510 MIP辛參聞?喘。 (32 - 23 = 9 bits 壅諏茅?遍硫)
IP 11000000 . 10100000 . 11101111 . 10110000 = 192.168.239.176
Mask 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111110 . 00000000 = 255.255.254.0
Subnet 11000000 . 10100000 . 11101110 . 00000000 = 192.168.238.0
Network ID 11000000 . 10100000 . 11101110 . 00000000 = 192.168.238.0
Broadcast IP 11000000 . 10100000 . 11101111 . 11111111 = 192.168.239.255
BY Link Layer
? w啜?屈M了Y創M?佩佩腐e式タ軅蹇
? 陣崙和?匯c議了崔。
? O筍砂Q匂(Switch)
? 崇(Frame)
? f協MAC
? CRC、Checksum

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Media Access Control
? MAC address (W揃揃触) 嗤 48 bits宥械參?噴鎗M了燕?幣。
? 耽MAC address脅頁?匯o?屈議。
? 械?鯉塀
? 74-D0-2B-C3-14-A2
? 74D0.2BC3.14A2
? 74:D0:2B:C3:14:A2

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住Q匂 Switch
? 住Q匂搆襟BY
? 參 MAC Address Table o光Port(初?中)議輳MAC address
? ∧婬週 frame Dl吏?朕Port(初?中)
? Switch貧議Portc枠念戻欺議Port古廷廷頁音揖議

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w Physical Layer
? 云Y創e議了圷?匯?匯衣?崛和c。
? f協函Q豢w箪初
? pg~、高w、揖S|
? O筍
? W揃揃UTP o孳盈塀pg
? W揃揃初?中触

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Y創撃b
Message ??????????????? Application
Message
Data Data Data
Segment ??????????????? Transport
Header
Data
Packet ????????? Network
Header
Transport
Header
Data
Frame ??? Frame
Header
Network
Header
Transport
Header Data Frame
Footer
Bits ??? 100101010101000010101010001001010100110101´..
Y創f
Data Transfer
硫 V殴
? 硫ィ混?朕卜志鍛_峪?朕僕緩frame。
? V殴混?朕望W揃揃了峽隆岑rV殴囃筏銚?圭僕竃肇。
? V殴囃
? 侭嗤了豢揖?徨W揃揃議O
? 辛?喘VLAN室g蛍護
V殴 Broadcast
?匯?徨W揃揃f ( A ★ B )
192.168.10.11
aaaa.aaaa.aaaa
A
192.168.10.12
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.21
cccc.cccc.cccc
B C
192.168.10.11
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.22
dddd.dddd.dddd
D
192.168.10.0/24
192.168.20.1
eeee.eeee.eee2
192.168.10.1
eeee.eeee.eee1
192.168.20.0/24
淫
?匯?徨W揃揃f ( A ★ B )
192.168.10.11
aaaa.aaaa.aaaa
A
192.168.10.12
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.21
cccc.cccc.cccc
B C
192.168.10.11
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.22
dddd.dddd.dddd
D
192.168.10.0/24
192.168.20.1
eeee.eeee.eee2
192.168.10.1
eeee.eeee.eee1
192.168.20.0/24
IP Src. 192.168.10.11
IP Dest. 192.168.10.12
MAC Src. aaaa.aaaa.aaaa
MAC Dest. bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
淫
?匯?徨W揃揃f ( A ★ B )
192.168.10.11
aaaa.aaaa.aaaa
A
192.168.10.12
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.21
cccc.cccc.cccc
B C
192.168.10.11
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.22
dddd.dddd.dddd
D
192.168.10.0/24
192.168.20.1
eeee.eeee.eee2
192.168.10.1
eeee.eeee.eee1
192.168.20.0/24
淫
IP Src. 192.168.10.11
IP Dest. 192.168.10.12
MAC Src. aaaa.aaaa.aaaa
MAC Dest. bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
?匯?徨W揃揃f ( A ★ B )
192.168.10.11
aaaa.aaaa.aaaa
A
192.168.10.12
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.21
cccc.cccc.cccc
B C
192.168.10.11
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.22
dddd.dddd.dddd
D
192.168.10.0/24
192.168.20.1
eeee.eeee.eee2
192.168.10.1
eeee.eeee.eee1
192.168.20.0/24
淫
IP Src. 192.168.10.11
IP Dest. 192.168.10.12
MAC Src. aaaa.aaaa.aaaa
MAC Dest. bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
L7 L7
L6 L6
L5 L5
L4 L4
L3 L3
L2 L2 L2
L1 L1 L1
?匯?徨W揃揃f ( A ★ B )
A B
AOl祇 Default Gateway
? 撃淫?朕議仇音壓揖?徨W揃揃和撃淫僕吏 Default Gateway。
? 祥駟梅@?徨W揃揃議竃?笥ν盖跳皸鹿嶄壓緩竃。
睡?徨W揃揃f ( A ★ D )
192.168.10.11
aaaa.aaaa.aaaa
A
192.168.10.12
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.21
cccc.cccc.cccc
B C
192.168.10.11
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.22
dddd.dddd.dddd
D
192.168.10.0/24
192.168.20.1
eeee.eeee.eee2
192.168.10.1
eeee.eeee.eee1
192.168.20.0/24
淫
IP Src. 192.168.10.11
IP Dest. 192.168.20.22
MAC Src. aaaa.aaaa.aaaa
MAC Dest. eeee.eeee.eee1
睡?徨W揃揃f ( A ★ D )
192.168.10.11
aaaa.aaaa.aaaa
A
192.168.10.12
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.21
cccc.cccc.cccc
B C
192.168.10.11
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.22
dddd.dddd.dddd
D
192.168.10.0/24
192.168.20.1
eeee.eeee.eee2
192.168.10.1
eeee.eeee.eee1
192.168.20.0/24
淫
IP Src. 192.168.10.11
IP Dest. 192.168.20.22
MAC Src. aaaa.aaaa.aaaa
MAC Dest. eeee.eeee.eee1
睡?徨W揃揃f ( A ★ D )
192.168.10.11
aaaa.aaaa.aaaa
A
192.168.10.12
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.21
cccc.cccc.cccc
B C
192.168.10.11
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.22
dddd.dddd.dddd
D
192.168.10.0/24
192.168.20.1
eeee.eeee.eee2
192.168.10.1
eeee.eeee.eee1
192.168.20.0/24
淫 IP Src. 192.168.10.11
IP Dest. 192.168.20.22
睡?徨W揃揃f ( A ★ D )
192.168.10.11
aaaa.aaaa.aaaa
A
192.168.10.12
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.21
cccc.cccc.cccc
B C
192.168.10.11
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.22
dddd.dddd.dddd
D
192.168.10.0/24
192.168.20.1
eeee.eeee.eee2
192.168.10.1
eeee.eeee.eee1
192.168.20.0/24
淫 IP Src. 192.168.10.11
IP Dest. 192.168.20.22
MAC Src. eeee.eeee.eee2
MAC Dest. dddd.dddd.dddd
睡?徨W揃揃f ( A ★ D )
192.168.10.11
aaaa.aaaa.aaaa
A
192.168.10.12
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.21
cccc.cccc.cccc
B C
192.168.10.11
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.22
dddd.dddd.dddd
D
192.168.10.0/24
192.168.20.1
eeee.eeee.eee2
192.168.10.1
eeee.eeee.eee1
192.168.20.0/24
淫
IP Src. 192.168.10.11
IP Dest. 192.168.20.22
MAC Src. eeee.eeee.eee2
MAC Dest. dddd.dddd.dddd
睡?徨W揃揃f ( A ★ D )
192.168.10.11
aaaa.aaaa.aaaa
A
192.168.10.12
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.21
cccc.cccc.cccc
B C
192.168.10.11
bbbb.bbbb.bbbb
192.168.20.22
dddd.dddd.dddd
D
192.168.10.0/24
192.168.20.1
eeee.eeee.eee2
192.168.10.1
eeee.eeee.eee1
192.168.20.0/24
淫
IP Src. 192.168.10.11
IP Dest. 192.168.20.22
MAC Src. eeee.eeee.eee2
MAC Dest. dddd.dddd.dddd
L7 L7
L6 L6
L5 L5
L4 L4
L3 L3 L3
L2 L2 L2 L2 L2
L1 L1 L1 L1 L1
睡?徨W揃揃f ( A ★ D )
A D
宥f協c室g
械?議
M^W VLAN
VLAN辛俳護V殴囃參盾Q麗尖尖渣董 音揖VLAN岻gf連^Router。
Tagged VLAN
? 壓Frame紗貧Tag睦搆仰VLAN
? 辺欺Y創瘁參TagQ協僕吏陳VLAN
untagged
untagged
tagged
Domain Name System
DNS Server
www.ccu.edu.tw 140.123.5.5
Domain Name IP Address
? W囃兆Q狼y祥駟?附蛍C貧議侖兆 曳軟?附蛍C忖厚厚挫
? 聞?喘UDP
? 搆?喘
DHCP
OFFER
ACKNOWLEDGE
DISCOVER
REQUEST
(揖r詳^凪麿DHCP Server)
? B麼CO協f協?
(Dynamic Host Con?guration Protocol)
? ?嗽Q Plug-and-play protocol
? 麼C?徭喩ゝIPcDNS?圭宴宴砿尖尖IP
? 聞?喘UDP
? 搆?喘
NAT
? 巷?喘IPDQ撹暴?繁IP
? 奐紗辛聞?喘IP
? 暴?繁IP^W畔?喘
? 10.0.0.0 ~ 10.255.255.255
? 172.16.0.0 ~ 172.31.255.255
? 192.168.0.0 ~ 192.168.255.255
140.123.5.5
192.168.1.10 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.12
ARP
? 泌^W筏DNSIP才MAC札玳DQ
ARP Table
IP Address MAC Address
192.168.10.11 abcd.1234.5678
192.168.10.12 aaaa.bbbb.cccc
192.168.10.23 cccc.dddd.eeee
Spanning Tree Protocol
? Spanning Tree 頁藾冒坊?峭壓W揃揃嶄竃F筈(loop)M?遇a?伏V殴L
羽羽(broadcast streams) 議室g。
? 根STPY議崇(Frame)QBPDU
Command
械?喘W揃揃峺綜
泌採秘峺綜
? Windows:
? _凋綜戻?幣忖圷(cmd)賜頁Power Shell。
? 酔堀_■紺艦 + R秘 cmd 瘁梓和_協。
? Unix:
? _⊇K極C(Terminal)。
Windows 械?喘峺綜
峺綜 孔嬬
ipcon?g /all 臥心W揃揃O協
getmac /v 臥心W触w了峽
ping [Domain | IP] y指
arp Ca 臥心ARP table
netstat Can 臥心BY
nslookup [Domain | IP] 囃兆才IPDQ
tracert [Domain | IP] 臥心B欺?朕議麼C侭^議c
Unix 械?喘峺綜
峺綜 孔嬬
ifcon?g 臥心/厚厚W揃揃O協
ping [Domain | IP] y指
arp Ca 臥心ARP table
netstat Can 臥心BY
nslookup [Domain | IP] 囃兆才IPDQ
traceroute [Domain | IP] 臥心B欺?朕議麼C侭^議c
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