Cosohinhthanhgia1c
- 1. Dg THI MON: CO So HINH THANH GIA CA (Dung cho hoc vien du' ky thi Thcim Binh vien ve gia lit-thin` hat r ) Th6i gian lam bai: 150 philt (khOng ke th6i gian phat dd) a So 1 C Cau 1: Neu ban chat kinh td cna pham tru gia ca (theo hoc thuyet C. Max). VI sao not gia ca phan anh t6ng hop va clong biz) cac quan 114 kinh tel chinh xa hOi ? Lien 114 viii thirc tin hien nay 6 Viet Nam. Cali 2: Anh (Chi) hay trinh bay xu lurong van clOng cua gia Ca thi tru6ng xet tren 2 mat: D6i viii t6ng thd hang hoa va doi viii tirng loci hang hoa. Tir do rut ra nhung ket Juan gi trong ding tac guar' 1ST kinh to not chung va pan ly gia not rieng ?
- 2. DAP AN DP So 1 C Cau 1: (4 diem) + Ban chat kinh te cita pham tru gia ca (theo hoc thuyet C. Marx) - Gia ca va gia tri c6 m6i quan he mat thiet voi nhau: + Gia tri hang hoa la gia tri thi tritong, gia tri du'oc thita nhan cita ngiroi mua. + Gia tri la ban chat cita gia ca, gia ca la hinh thilc bieu hien cila gia tri. + Milc gia thi truing phu thuOc rat lo'n vao quan he cung- cau ve hang Ma. + D6i voi timg loai hang h6a thi gia ca thueng xuyen tach roi gia tri cita no. - Gia ca va tien te thitOng xuyen c6 m6i quan he tac ding qua lai Fan nhau: + Gia ca la yeti t6 guy& dinh lacing tien te trong hm thong va c6 anh hiring toi tic dO hm thOng tien te. + Gia ca guy& dinh Ric mua cita tien te va ngiroc lai tien to cling anh hiring rat lon den gia ca. + Lam phat xet ve ngu6n g6c la hail qua tat yeu cita mot nen kinh to At' at can dCii voi tinh trang nang suat, chat lflong va hieu qua kinh teluen o mite thap. + Quan ly gia vi me dei hoi phat sit dung dung bO ca hai pham trit gia ca va tier' te. - Gia ea c6 m6i quan he khang khit voi gia tri sit dung hay tinh hixu ich cita hang h6a: + Gia tri sit dung va gia tri la 2 mat th6ng nhat dm hang hoa. + Gia ca khong flitting bieu hien bang tien gia tri ma con phan anh gia tri san pham cita hang hoa. + Bieu hien quan trong nhat cua gia tri sit dung la chat Wong hang hoa, vi vay gia ca hang Ma hinh thanh theo chat Wong cilia no. + Marc gia cilia hang Ma gan lien voi chi phi sit dung no. + Gia ca phan anh tinh thay the Van nhau trong san xuat va trong tieu &nig. - Gia ca Ira cac quan he kinh te- xa hOi: + Gia ca phan anh tong hop va ding bo cac quan he kinh re- chinh tri- xa hei. + Gia ea citing c6 tac ding tro lai cac m6i quan he not tren. + Nha nit& c6 the can thiep vao sit hinh thanh va van clOng cita gia ca de dieu tiet cac m6i quan he chit Cung va cau hang h6a, tich lily va tie'u dimg, cong nghiep, nOng nghiep va dich vu, thi trureng trong nu& va thi tritOng the gioi.
- 3. * Gia ca phan anh tong hop va deing bQ cac quan he kinh tel chinh tri- xa h6i: - Su hinh thanh Ira van dOng cita gia thi tru6ng duai su chi ph6i manh me cita cac quy luat kinh to cua thi truOng (quy 111'4 gia tri, quy 1114 cung- cau, quy luat canh tranh). Gia ca la mQt pham trit kinh to tong hop, phan anh cac quan he kinh to cua thi tru6ng, la cling cu quan trong de thuc hien cac yeu cau cita 3 quy 111'4 kinh to tren. - Gia ca c6 lien quan true ti6p toi ded song cua nhan dan. On dinh gia 1a yeu cau tat ydu dd on dinh ne'n kinh t6 va d6i s6ng nhan dan. - Gia ca la cong cu quan trong dd nha ntrac thuc hien on dinh chinh tri, that hien chinh sach xa hQi. * Lien he vai that On hien nay 6 Viet Nam: - Gia ca cac hang hoa va dich vu hien nays nu'oc to ve co ban throe hinh thanh theo co chd thi tru6ng, duoi six tac dOng cita 3 quy luat kinh tel Nha nuoc chi dinh gia mQt s6 rat it hang h6a va dich vu quan trong, thidt ydu (VD: gia dien, gia xang quy dinh khung gia mQt s6 mat hang (VD: gia dat...). tien - Tit nam 2004 den nay, gia nhidu mat hang tang len (tier' lumg, lien cOng cling tang nhung t6c dQ sham hon) anti huOng true tidp toi d6i s6ng cna mot b6 phan dan cu (chit y'du ngubi c6 thu nhap thap). - Mot s6 mat hang quan trong, thidt y6u, nha nu& chit truong gilt gia on dinh (hoac quail 1ST chat the mitt gia ban tren thi tru6ng) dd on dinh d6i s6ng nhan dan. Cat' 2: (6 didm) 2.1. DOi vOi tong thi hang h6a: * Nhitng nhan t6 lam cho gia ca c6 xu huong giam xu6ng: + Do su canh tranh tren thi throng ngay cang gay gat, cac doanh nghiep main citing Tung va kinh doanh hieu qua phai thuOng xuyen ling dung khoa hoc va ky thuat tien tie/n, dua cOng nghe Ira thia bi moi, hien dai vao kinh doanh, nham tang nang suat lao dQng, ha gia thanh san pham. + Trinh dO va nang lure quail 1LT cita cac doanh nghiep ngay cang cao, sit dung trang thie't bi cOng nghe hien dai nen chi phi cho mot don vi san pham ngay cang giant xu6ng. + Duoi tac dQng cita cac quy luat kinh to cita -thi truOng, cac doanh nghiep phai can cti vao nhu cau cua thi tru6ng dd kinh doanh va tim each ban throe hang cita minh. VI vay, luong hang ton kho va du trit trong cac gia dinh giarn di. Viec sir
- 4. dung &Ong vein cua cac doanh nghiep ngay cang hieu qua, co call dau to hop 1S7 hon, gia thanh san pha'm giam xu6ng. * Nhiing nhan t6 lam tang gia ca: + Thu nhap cua nguOi lao Bong va cua toan xa hOi thirong xuyen tang len, din den cau ye hang boa.- dich vu tang, do d6 tao ap luc cho tang gia. + Yeu cau tieu dung ciia xa hOi ngay cang cao (chat lung hang hoa, mot, hinh thdc...). VI vay de thea man yeu cau do cac doanh nghiep phai tang them chi phi de tao ra duoc mot don vi gia tri sir dung cung cap cho xa hOi. + Tai nguyen ngay cang can va khai thac kho khan, chi phi nguyen vat lieu tang. + Siic mua cua (long den co xu huong giam, do chinh phu duy tri lam phat mdc dO nhat dinh. * Nhan xet: - Cac nhan t6 tac Ong tdi sir hinh thanh va van Ong cua gia ca, trong d6 nhom nhan t6 this hai da va dang c6 stic ep mph, lam cho mat bang gia ca van Ong theo cac xu huong sau: + Gia ca khong on dinh va c6 xu huO'ng tang len. Dieu do cling c6 nghia la viec giam gia khOng phai la hien tuong ph6 bien. + Gia ca hang hoa ngay.cang sat voi gia tri hon va do do co call cua gia ca ngay cang hop ly hon. + Gia ca hang h6a va dich vu tren thi truong trong nude xich gan hon voi gia ca tren thi trung the gioi. + Cac quan he tST gia lan trong ne'n kink to qu6c dan se thay d6i va keo theo Str thay d6i phtic tap ciia mat bang gia ca. Quan he tST gia thay d6i theo huong tST gia gilia cong nghiep va nOng san Ong theo hi ong c6 loi cho c6ng nghiep. Con CST gia hang hoa va dich vu thi mo rOng theo hu'ong c6 loci cho dich vu. Dieu d6 c6 nghia la ding mat hang gia ca c6 tang len, nhung toc dO tang gia dich vu thu'ong cao hon t6c dO tang gia nOng san. 2.2. DOi voi tang loci hang h6a: - Quan he cung- cau tren thi truOng guy& dinh six van Ong cua gia ca ding 14 hang hoa. Xet trong khoang thed gian ngdn, gia ca thi truOng ciia ding 14 hang hoa co the tang len, ha xu6ng va on dinh. Str tang, giam d6 la do six thay d6i thikug xuyen cua quan he cung- cau quy'et dinh. Khi cung nhO hon cau, gia ca hang h6a
- 5. tang; khi cung lain how cau, gia Ca hang hoa giam xtiong; khi cung- cau o attic can bang thi gia ca 6n dinh - Tren thi trixong, quan he cung cau bidu hien dtroi cac dang: Cung > cau, cung < cau, cung = cau, sty van &Ong cua chu ky kinh dbanh tren thi trueng guy& dinh sly van Bong cua quan he cung- cau. + Chu kS7 kinh doanh la hien tixong tat yeu cna kinh te thi trureng. Chu kS7 kinh doanh tren moi nen kinh te thi twang co nhiing dac thu rieng va chiu six chi phoi rat cac yeti to phat sinh tren thi truong trong ntroc va qu6c te. + Bat 14 met nha kinh doanh, met hang hoa nao tren thi trueng deu bi chi ph6i boi chu ky kinh doanh. Tuy nhien, cac nha dec guy& c6 kha nang han the b6i sly tac Ong to phat cna chu ky kinh doanh toi quan he cung- cau va gia ca hang hoa cua minh. + Met chu kST kinh doanh xuat hien tren thi truong co met s6 thei kST chu yeu sau: Suy thodi. Phat tridn. On dinh. Hien along tren roc lap di, lap 14i tren thi twang. . O thei ky suy thoai, do nhiing khuyet tat cna san pham, do sty yeu kern cua quart ly hoac do su lac hau vd cOng nghe, thiet bi nen san pham It nguOi mua, dan den cung loci hon cau va gia ca hang hoa giam xu6ng. . thei ky phat tridn, cac san pham moi c6 nhieu au the da xuat hien va dtro'c nhieu ngtrei biet den, nhu cau tang len keo theo sin xuat tang, song tren thi trtreng cung van nhe hon cau, gia ca tang len. .0 thei 14 on dinh, quan he cung- cau tuong d6i on dinh va ve co ban la phii hop vai nhau (ca vd quy mO va co cau), gia ca on dinh. - Tren thi truong dec quyen, cac nha dec quyen co vai tre rat lon dei voi viec diet' tiet quan he cung- eau. ThOng thuong cac nha dec quyen dua met luting hangh6a ra thi trueng (cung) nhe hon nhu cau, do do gia se cao. Thei gian duy tri gia cao tuong d6i dai; o thei ky phat tridn, gia cling tang dan. Gia se on dinh o thei 14 hung thinh. Do c6 su dec quydn, nen co the se xuat hien tinh trang cung loci hon cau va gia ca giam xu6ng thei kS7 suy thodi). Song trong dieu kien suy thoai , mau than glib nha kinh doanh va nguei tieu diing se trO' nen gay gdt, buec cac nha kinh
- 6. doanh phai d6i mai van 1S7, cai den ky thuat... nhu vay da xudt hien cac yeti t6 cua th6i ky phac.hoi va theii kY tang gia moi. 2.3. Ket - Trong nen kinh to thi traeing, gia ca thi trabng la mot hien taong kinh to phirc tap, tong hop, la ban tay vO hlinh dieu tier san xugt- xa hOi, la tam prong phan anh thuc trang nen kinh - Nha nadic can phaiquail ly gia. Viec pan ly gia phai (kw thuc hien (long bO tit tai chinh den tier' te, tit cdu den cung, tir gia trong nu den gia tren thi traCing the giai, tit canh tranh den ch6ng dOc quyen va cac bien phap han the tir do kinh doanh. - Vi'ec quan ly can duoc thuc hien theo luat va cac chinh sach duoi luat. Tren car soy do, can mo Ong t6i da quyen tut dinh gia cua doanh nghiep. bong thi can tang cuong kidm tra, kiem sok dd han the nhieu nhat viec khOng thuc hien cac 111'4 da ban hanh.