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ARC - Malta 2016

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Tyson Seburn
Tyson Seburn

The document describes an Academic Reading Circles (ARC) approach that combines intensive reading with online collaborative writing. Under the ARC approach, students in small groups are each assigned a role like leader, contextualizer, or visualizer to read a common text. They then discuss the text in their groups and collaboratively write about it using Google Docs. The roles aim to engage students more deeply with course texts and help them synthesize content from readings into written assignments. An example is provided to illustrate how the ARC process works in practice using a sample text about bike lanes in Toronto.

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By Tyson Seburn, International Programs, New College University of Toronto @seburnt Blending intensive reading with online collaborative writing L Cx V H Co Using Academic Reading Circles + Google Docs
Academic texts, yikes! Mayes & De Freitas (2007)
The context Undergraduate students from the Faculty of Arts & Science at the University of Toronto 1st year history credit course + 3 language & academic support courses (L&S, R&W, University skills) 16 students per class, mostly Chinese & Ecuadorian, and Russian 24 weeks over the academic year
The problem Need to engage deeply with course texts Superficial reading occurs Applied understanding quite rare from most students Inability to synthesis content from course texts into written assignments Underutilising individual learner strengths Isolation of reading and writing activities
academic reading circles Common text assigned; groups of 4 or 5 students Individually read outside of class through specific duty-driven lenses Group sharing & discussion later Collaborative writing and peer editing extension
lenses i.e. roles There are five lenses to ARC.
ARC process L Cx V H Co 1 L Cx V Co H 2 3
Between 2010 and 2012, however, cyclists had their day, which proved quite costly. Attempting to improve Jarvis Street as a cultural corridor with an emphasis on its historical significance, the City approved new sidewalks, trees, and curbside bicycle lanes. To make way, its reversible lane was removed and the existing four lanes were redrawn. City cyclists declared victory even though the lanes themselves included mere painted borders and chevrons. Legally sharing the road between motorists and cyclists was in fact short- lived. Despite protests, just 18 months later, a new City council led by Mayor Rob war on the car Ford, passed a vote by a very close margin to remove the bike lanes to the sum of $272,000 (a $186,000 difference above the cost of installation). The common text (sample)
1. leader Purpose for reading this type of text The target audience Bibliographic information Baseline comprehension Situate text, gauge group comprehension, promote discussion
1. leader Which statements represent key points? 1. Cyclists once influenced Jarvis Streets lanes. 2. Jarvis Streets infrastructure was reconfigured to allow for beautification. 3. The bike lanes were not very safe. 4. City council reversed its earlier decision, which cost a lot of money. 5. Mayor Rob Ford was an international joke. Situate text, gauge group comprehension, promote discussion
Context is important.
ARC - Malta 2016
2. contextualiser Between 2010 and 2012, however, cyclists had their day, which proved quite costly. Attempting to improve Jarvis Street as a cultural corridor with an emphasis on its historical significance, the City approved new sidewalks, trees, and curbside bicycle lanes. To make way, its reversible lane was removed and the existing four lanes were redrawn. City cyclists declared victory even though the lanes themselves included mere painted borders and chevrons. Legally sharing the road between motorists and cyclists was in fact short-lived. Despite protests, just 18 months later, a new City council led by Mayor Rob war on the car Ford, passed a vote by a very close margin to remove the bike lanes to the sum of $272,000 (a $186,000 difference above the cost of installation). Identify and research contextual references
2. contextualiser Between 2010 and 2012, however, cyclists had their day, which proved quite costly. Attempting to improve Jarvis Street as a cultural corridor with an emphasis on its historical significance, the City approved new sidewalks, trees, and curbside bicycle lanes. To make way, its reversible lane was removed and the existing four lanes were redrawn. City cyclists declared victory even though the lanes themselves included mere painted borders and chevrons. Legally sharing the road between motorists and cyclists was in fact short-lived. Despite protests, just 18 months later, a new City council led by Mayor Rob war on the car Ford, passed a vote by a very close margin to remove the bike lanes to the sum of $272,000 (a $186,000 difference above the cost of installation). Identify and research contextual references
3. visualiser Between 2010 and 2012, however, cyclists had their day, which proved quite costly. Attempting to improve Jarvis Street as a cultural corridor with an emphasis on its historical significance, the City approved new sidewalks, trees, and curbside bicycle lanes. To make way, its reversible lane was removed and the existing four lanes were redrawn. City cyclists declared victory even though the lanes themselves included mere painted borders and chevrons. Legally sharing the road between motorists and cyclists was in fact short-lived. Despite protests, just 18 months later, a new City council led by Mayor Rob war on the car Ford, passed a vote by a very close margin to remove the bike lanes to the sum of $272,000 (a $186,000 difference above the cost of installation).
3. visualiser Represent text concepts in graphical formats
ARC - Malta 2016
4. connector 1. Have there been other asinine government decisions? 2. Does this situation remind you of anything from your other classes? 3. Does the configuration of Jarvis Street remind you of a street you know? Make connections to outside sources
5. highlighter 1.Key unknown vocabulary 2.Topical vocabulary 3.Tonal language focus on vocabulary interference
5. highlighter Between 2010 and 2012, however, cyclists had their day, which proved quite costly. Attempting to improve Jarvis Street as a cultural corridor with an emphasis on its historical significance, the City approved new sidewalks, trees, and curbside bicycle lanes. To make way, its reversible lane was removed and the existing four lanes were redrawn. City cyclists declared victory even though the lanes themselves included mere painted borders and chevrons. Legally sharing the road between motorists and cyclists was in fact short-lived. Despite protests, just 18 months later, a new City council led by Mayor Rob war on the car Ford, passed a vote by a very close margin to remove the bike lanes to the sum of $272,000 (a $186,000 difference above the cost of installation). Focus on vocabulary interference
5. highlighter Between 2010 and 2012, however, cyclists had their day, which proved quite costly. Attempting to improve Jarvis Street as a cultural corridor with an emphasis on its historical significance, the City approved new sidewalks, trees, and curbside bicycle lanes. To make way, its reversible lane was removed and the existing four lanes were redrawn. City cyclists declared victory even though the lanes themselves included mere painted borders and chevrons. Legally sharing the road between motorists and cyclists was in fact short-lived. Despite protests, just 18 months later, a new City council led by Mayor Rob war on the car Ford, passed a vote by a very close margin to remove the bike lanes to the sum of $272,000 (a $186,000 difference above the cost of installation). unknown vocabulary
5. highlighter Between 2010 and 2012, however, cyclists had their day, which proved quite costly. Attempting to improve Jarvis Street as a cultural corridor with an emphasis on its historical significance, the City approved new sidewalks, trees, and curbside bicycle lanes. To make way, its reversible lane was removed and the existing four lanes were redrawn. City cyclists declared victory even though the lanes themselves included mere painted borders and chevrons. Legally sharing the road between motorists and cyclists was in fact short-lived. Despite protests, just 18 months later, a new City council led by Mayor Rob war on the car Ford, passed a vote by a very close margin to remove the bike lanes to the sum of $272,000 (a $186,000 difference above the cost of installation). topical vocabulary
5. highlighter Between 2010 and 2012, however, cyclists had their day, which proved quite costly. Attempting to improve Jarvis Street as a cultural corridor with an emphasis on its historical significance, the City approved new sidewalks, trees, and curbside bicycle lanes. To make way, its reversible lane was removed and the existing four lanes were redrawn. City cyclists declared victory even though the lanes themselves included mere painted borders and chevrons. Legally sharing the road between motorists and cyclists was in fact short-lived. Despite protests, just 18 months later, a new City council led by Mayor Rob war on the car Ford, passed a vote by a very close margin to remove the bike lanes to the sum of $272,000 (a $186,000 difference above the cost of installation). tonal vocabulary
Collaborative writing & peer editing extension After each in-class group discussion on one Google document, create the following: Leader: summarise the text by considering the following questions: What was the authors main point? What main theme(s) were explored in the text? What examples were used to explain and support these themes? Connector: explain one key connection between a theme in the text and an outside source by considering the following questions: What connection most significantly contributes to understanding a theme or point made in the text? Why is it most significant? How does it improve comprehension? Contextualiser: select and explain how three key contextual references that you have researched contribute to themes discussed or specific points made by the author. Highlighter: select three topically-related terms used by the author, define them and explain their significance to the themes in the text Visualiser: Select one visual and describe how this visual data complements ideas from the text by referring to it and specific points in the text.
http://bit.ly/ARCnotes_template http://bit.ly/ARCNR-sample Template for students Student completed sample http://bit.ly/2eaEDM2 Student sample final assignment
bookAcademic Reading Circles is a teacher-resource book that explains and exemplifies ARC to help teachers understand and implement it. It includes: the initial introduction of ARC to learners; the five ARC roles learners undertake when reading a text; detailed examples of their use on a sample text; solutions for groupings, assessment, and potential problem areas; and downloadable activities to further facilitate ARC beyond this book. Academic Reading Circles is ideal for teacher use in pre- sessional or in-sessional EAP programs at the university level. The book is published with the round and available in paperback and for mobile devices (PC/Mac/Kindle/iPad). arc.fourc.ca
referencesARC inspirations Daniels, H. 2002. Literature Circles: Voice and Choice in Book Clubs and Reading Groups. (Second edition). Portland, ME: Stenhouse. De Chazal, E. 2014. English for Academic Purposes. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Furr, M. 2004. Literature Circles for the EFL Classroom. 2004. http://www.eflliteraturecircles.com/litcirclesforEFL.pdf. Texts/images mentioned Visualiser photo from http://www.blogto.com/city/2011/07/jarvis_bike_lanes_to_be_eliminated/ Visualiser satirical cartoon http://bit.ly/1Iij4RS More on ARC Academic Reading Circles by T. Seburn (the round) http://arc.fourc.ca
readingreading circlescircles By Tyson Seburn @seburnt academicacademic

More Related Content

ARC - Malta 2016

  • 1. By Tyson Seburn, International Programs, New College University of Toronto @seburnt Blending intensive reading with online collaborative writing L Cx V H Co Using Academic Reading Circles + Google Docs
  • 2. Academic texts, yikes! Mayes & De Freitas (2007)
  • 3. The context Undergraduate students from the Faculty of Arts & Science at the University of Toronto 1st year history credit course + 3 language & academic support courses (L&S, R&W, University skills) 16 students per class, mostly Chinese & Ecuadorian, and Russian 24 weeks over the academic year
  • 4. The problem Need to engage deeply with course texts Superficial reading occurs Applied understanding quite rare from most students Inability to synthesis content from course texts into written assignments Underutilising individual learner strengths Isolation of reading and writing activities
  • 5. academic reading circles Common text assigned; groups of 4 or 5 students Individually read outside of class through specific duty-driven lenses Group sharing & discussion later Collaborative writing and peer editing extension
  • 6. lenses i.e. roles There are five lenses to ARC.
  • 8. Between 2010 and 2012, however, cyclists had their day, which proved quite costly. Attempting to improve Jarvis Street as a cultural corridor with an emphasis on its historical significance, the City approved new sidewalks, trees, and curbside bicycle lanes. To make way, its reversible lane was removed and the existing four lanes were redrawn. City cyclists declared victory even though the lanes themselves included mere painted borders and chevrons. Legally sharing the road between motorists and cyclists was in fact short- lived. Despite protests, just 18 months later, a new City council led by Mayor Rob war on the car Ford, passed a vote by a very close margin to remove the bike lanes to the sum of $272,000 (a $186,000 difference above the cost of installation). The common text (sample)
  • 9. 1. leader Purpose for reading this type of text The target audience Bibliographic information Baseline comprehension Situate text, gauge group comprehension, promote discussion
  • 10. 1. leader Which statements represent key points? 1. Cyclists once influenced Jarvis Streets lanes. 2. Jarvis Streets infrastructure was reconfigured to allow for beautification. 3. The bike lanes were not very safe. 4. City council reversed its earlier decision, which cost a lot of money. 5. Mayor Rob Ford was an international joke. Situate text, gauge group comprehension, promote discussion
  • 13. 2. contextualiser Between 2010 and 2012, however, cyclists had their day, which proved quite costly. Attempting to improve Jarvis Street as a cultural corridor with an emphasis on its historical significance, the City approved new sidewalks, trees, and curbside bicycle lanes. To make way, its reversible lane was removed and the existing four lanes were redrawn. City cyclists declared victory even though the lanes themselves included mere painted borders and chevrons. Legally sharing the road between motorists and cyclists was in fact short-lived. Despite protests, just 18 months later, a new City council led by Mayor Rob war on the car Ford, passed a vote by a very close margin to remove the bike lanes to the sum of $272,000 (a $186,000 difference above the cost of installation). Identify and research contextual references
  • 14. 2. contextualiser Between 2010 and 2012, however, cyclists had their day, which proved quite costly. Attempting to improve Jarvis Street as a cultural corridor with an emphasis on its historical significance, the City approved new sidewalks, trees, and curbside bicycle lanes. To make way, its reversible lane was removed and the existing four lanes were redrawn. City cyclists declared victory even though the lanes themselves included mere painted borders and chevrons. Legally sharing the road between motorists and cyclists was in fact short-lived. Despite protests, just 18 months later, a new City council led by Mayor Rob war on the car Ford, passed a vote by a very close margin to remove the bike lanes to the sum of $272,000 (a $186,000 difference above the cost of installation). Identify and research contextual references
  • 15. 3. visualiser Between 2010 and 2012, however, cyclists had their day, which proved quite costly. Attempting to improve Jarvis Street as a cultural corridor with an emphasis on its historical significance, the City approved new sidewalks, trees, and curbside bicycle lanes. To make way, its reversible lane was removed and the existing four lanes were redrawn. City cyclists declared victory even though the lanes themselves included mere painted borders and chevrons. Legally sharing the road between motorists and cyclists was in fact short-lived. Despite protests, just 18 months later, a new City council led by Mayor Rob war on the car Ford, passed a vote by a very close margin to remove the bike lanes to the sum of $272,000 (a $186,000 difference above the cost of installation).
  • 16. 3. visualiser Represent text concepts in graphical formats
  • 18. 4. connector 1. Have there been other asinine government decisions? 2. Does this situation remind you of anything from your other classes? 3. Does the configuration of Jarvis Street remind you of a street you know? Make connections to outside sources
  • 19. 5. highlighter 1.Key unknown vocabulary 2.Topical vocabulary 3.Tonal language focus on vocabulary interference
  • 20. 5. highlighter Between 2010 and 2012, however, cyclists had their day, which proved quite costly. Attempting to improve Jarvis Street as a cultural corridor with an emphasis on its historical significance, the City approved new sidewalks, trees, and curbside bicycle lanes. To make way, its reversible lane was removed and the existing four lanes were redrawn. City cyclists declared victory even though the lanes themselves included mere painted borders and chevrons. Legally sharing the road between motorists and cyclists was in fact short-lived. Despite protests, just 18 months later, a new City council led by Mayor Rob war on the car Ford, passed a vote by a very close margin to remove the bike lanes to the sum of $272,000 (a $186,000 difference above the cost of installation). Focus on vocabulary interference
  • 21. 5. highlighter Between 2010 and 2012, however, cyclists had their day, which proved quite costly. Attempting to improve Jarvis Street as a cultural corridor with an emphasis on its historical significance, the City approved new sidewalks, trees, and curbside bicycle lanes. To make way, its reversible lane was removed and the existing four lanes were redrawn. City cyclists declared victory even though the lanes themselves included mere painted borders and chevrons. Legally sharing the road between motorists and cyclists was in fact short-lived. Despite protests, just 18 months later, a new City council led by Mayor Rob war on the car Ford, passed a vote by a very close margin to remove the bike lanes to the sum of $272,000 (a $186,000 difference above the cost of installation). unknown vocabulary
  • 22. 5. highlighter Between 2010 and 2012, however, cyclists had their day, which proved quite costly. Attempting to improve Jarvis Street as a cultural corridor with an emphasis on its historical significance, the City approved new sidewalks, trees, and curbside bicycle lanes. To make way, its reversible lane was removed and the existing four lanes were redrawn. City cyclists declared victory even though the lanes themselves included mere painted borders and chevrons. Legally sharing the road between motorists and cyclists was in fact short-lived. Despite protests, just 18 months later, a new City council led by Mayor Rob war on the car Ford, passed a vote by a very close margin to remove the bike lanes to the sum of $272,000 (a $186,000 difference above the cost of installation). topical vocabulary
  • 23. 5. highlighter Between 2010 and 2012, however, cyclists had their day, which proved quite costly. Attempting to improve Jarvis Street as a cultural corridor with an emphasis on its historical significance, the City approved new sidewalks, trees, and curbside bicycle lanes. To make way, its reversible lane was removed and the existing four lanes were redrawn. City cyclists declared victory even though the lanes themselves included mere painted borders and chevrons. Legally sharing the road between motorists and cyclists was in fact short-lived. Despite protests, just 18 months later, a new City council led by Mayor Rob war on the car Ford, passed a vote by a very close margin to remove the bike lanes to the sum of $272,000 (a $186,000 difference above the cost of installation). tonal vocabulary
  • 24. Collaborative writing & peer editing extension After each in-class group discussion on one Google document, create the following: Leader: summarise the text by considering the following questions: What was the authors main point? What main theme(s) were explored in the text? What examples were used to explain and support these themes? Connector: explain one key connection between a theme in the text and an outside source by considering the following questions: What connection most significantly contributes to understanding a theme or point made in the text? Why is it most significant? How does it improve comprehension? Contextualiser: select and explain how three key contextual references that you have researched contribute to themes discussed or specific points made by the author. Highlighter: select three topically-related terms used by the author, define them and explain their significance to the themes in the text Visualiser: Select one visual and describe how this visual data complements ideas from the text by referring to it and specific points in the text.
  • 25. http://bit.ly/ARCnotes_template http://bit.ly/ARCNR-sample Template for students Student completed sample http://bit.ly/2eaEDM2 Student sample final assignment
  • 26. bookAcademic Reading Circles is a teacher-resource book that explains and exemplifies ARC to help teachers understand and implement it. It includes: the initial introduction of ARC to learners; the five ARC roles learners undertake when reading a text; detailed examples of their use on a sample text; solutions for groupings, assessment, and potential problem areas; and downloadable activities to further facilitate ARC beyond this book. Academic Reading Circles is ideal for teacher use in pre- sessional or in-sessional EAP programs at the university level. The book is published with the round and available in paperback and for mobile devices (PC/Mac/Kindle/iPad). arc.fourc.ca
  • 27. referencesARC inspirations Daniels, H. 2002. Literature Circles: Voice and Choice in Book Clubs and Reading Groups. (Second edition). Portland, ME: Stenhouse. De Chazal, E. 2014. English for Academic Purposes. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Furr, M. 2004. Literature Circles for the EFL Classroom. 2004. http://www.eflliteraturecircles.com/litcirclesforEFL.pdf. Texts/images mentioned Visualiser photo from http://www.blogto.com/city/2011/07/jarvis_bike_lanes_to_be_eliminated/ Visualiser satirical cartoon http://bit.ly/1Iij4RS More on ARC Academic Reading Circles by T. Seburn (the round) http://arc.fourc.ca

Editor's Notes

  1. Academic reading circles is a reading activity I have led the development and implementation of in our reading & writing course at the University of Toronto to help university-level international students better engage with the texts they read so that theyd improve a deeper comprehension of the text concepts. The idea was not to address reading speed, but the efficacy of time spent on what they are reading. It takes a common text that the class must read and breaks it down into focal areas or lenses through which to read the text.
  2. Leader = gauge group comprehension, summarise key points and reference styles and promote discussion Contextualiser = identify and research useful contextual references Visualiser = represent text concepts graphically Connector = make connections to outside sources Highlighter = focus on vocabulary interference
  3. In the approaches to developing reading skills forum yesterday, David Petrie talked about deconstructing a genre text, in one way situating it with the student context: for example, the purpose for reading, the text source, the target audience. De Chazals (2014) 12-step approach to reading based on structured tasks, the first two of which looked at identifying bibliographic information and author purpose, to situate the text. BASELINE COMPREHENSION = Refer to Garbledegook text on handout
  4. In addition to looking at those types of questions, the leader learns to create comprehension questions to start the group work off, one of which might be about main idea. CLICK #1 & #4 are the key points here to take away from this text. The others, though true, could be argued as supporting details moreso than what everyone should agree upon.
  5. Explain what a contextual reference is + A) Useful vs not useful Ask which is more useful than the other to improve comprehension. Useful: quote Useless: declaring victory Ask: I want you to consider what one other contextual reference from this text does the author mention but only alludes to their significance? What might provide interesting insight into this context through research?
  6. Useful: reversible lane, Mayor Rob war on the car Ford Useless: 2010, cyclist protests, vote
  7. Running just two blocks east of the citys main commercial artery, Yonge Street, Jarvis provides a north/southbound route into or out of the downtown core. It ends at Bloor Street, Yonges east/west counterpart. Traditionally home to mansions, city gardens, old churches, hotels, and a few big business headquarters, Jarvis has lacked pedestrian volume by design. Additionally, without shops lining the street, drivers often opt for the relatively little congestion of this 50kph zone (though its straight lines often encourage speeding), if a quick commute into downtown neighbourhoods remains the goal. Unlike most streets that accommodate even lane numbers, its current width is awkward. Four may create luxuriously wide lanes, while six would make even Smart cars blush. One option: engineer a centre commuter lane that changes direction at different times of the day. Drivers must pay attention to the lighted green check or red X dangling over this lane indicating the current flow (although having a head-on collision also makes this violently clear). For most of Jarviss life, decisions involving traffic flow have given motorists the keys to the road. Explain Visualiser role. Ask: What visuals, graphs, charts, videos, photos, etc. would illuminate parts of this text perhaps better than simply text?
  8. A google map of Jarvis Street. It can show visually how its situated in the city and help readers see other locations mentioned by the author in comparison. An image of what the bike lanes in question actually looked like. A satirical cartoon that demonstrates the emotion involved in these bike lanes, perhaps commenting on both sides. Obviously, we need to help students learn to search for these things effectively, reference the source of the images, and talk about HOW they help comprehension, not just pretty useless images. Jarvis Street sign is not helpful at all. Picture of bike lanes, but this isnt on Jarvis, or even in Toronto.
  9. Connection to other events (historical or news-worthy today) Connection to other studies (course readings, lectures, etc.) Connection to person experience
  10. There are three types of vocabulary that can interfere with meaning: Unknown vocabulary = vocabulary that is frequent and obscure Topical vocabulary = vocabulary normally used within a particular discipline (discipline-specific or technical) Tonal language = vocabulary that expresses author attitude
  11. What vocabulary here might be problematic, but still useful?
  12. There are three types of vocabulary that can interfere with meaning: Unknown vocabulary = vocabulary that is frequent and obscure How frequently is it or family members used in the text? Do other texts in this discipline use this vocabulary?
  13. There are three types of vocabulary that can interfere with meaning: Topical vocabulary = vocabulary normally used within a particular discipline (discipline-specific or technical). Barbara Howarth (her talk on reading authentic journal articles in EAP) talked about having students group words together by topic when reading. I wholeheartedly agree. Do things helps them notice how these words are used within their discipline. Are these words/phrases about one topic? Can they be used when discussing or writing about this topic elsewhere?
  14. There are three types of vocabulary that can interfere with meaning: Tonal language = vocabulary that expresses author attitude How does the use of vocabulary modify the tone of the text? Can this vocabulary be removed or replaced with an opposite emotive? What does it say about the authors attitude?