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RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
(OPEN ELECTIVE)

MODULE-1
? Introduction: Causes of Energy Scarcity, Solution to Energy Scarcity, Factors Affecting Energy
Resource Development, Energy Resources, and Classification, Renewable Energy – Worldwide
Renewable Energy Availability, Renewable Energy in India.
? Energy from Sun: Sun-earth Geometric Relationship, Layer of the Sun, Earth-Sun Angles and
their Relationships, Solar Energy Reaching the Earth’s Surface, Solar Thermal Energy
Applications.

WORLDWIDE RENEWABLE ENERGY AVAILABILITY
? About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewable as shown in Figure 1.14, with
10% coming from traditional biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from
hydroelectricity.

Module-1_renewable energy sources introduction.pptx

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? New renewable energy (small hydro, modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and biofuel) accounted for
another 3% and were growing very rapidly. The share of renewable energy in electricity generation is around
19%, with 16% of global electricity coming from hydroelectricity, and 3% from new renewable energy.
Potential for renewable energy is given in Table 1.6.
? More than half of the energy has been consumed in the last two decades since the industrial revolution, despite
advances in efficiency and sustainability. According to IEA (International Energy Agency) world statistics in four
years (2004–2008), the world population increased 5%, annual CO2 emissions increased 10%, and gross
energy production increased 10%.

? Several renewable energy technologies – such as hydropower, bioenergy and geothermal power and heat –
have long been established as mainstream and cost-competitive sources of energy. Solar PV and wind power
are joining them
? Although renewable continue to gain ground globally, progress is uneven across sectors and regions. In many
developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, energy access rates remain low, but rates are
improving steadily in Asia.
? Progress in the renewable heating and cooling and transport sectors continues to be relatively slow, despite a
number of initiatives to boost the role of renewables and the electrification of heating and transport. Renewable
heating and cooling has received much less attention from policy makers than renewable power generation and
has been identified as the “sleeping giant of renewable energy potential” for the past decade.

RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA
? India is one of the countries with the largest production of energy from renewable
sources.
? In the electricity sector, renewable energy (excluding large hydro) accounted for 20%
of the total installed power capacity (69.02GW) as of 31 march 2018
? Large hydro installed capacity was 45.29 GW as of 31 march 2018, contributing to
13% of the total power capacity
? Wind power capacity was 34,046 mw as of 31 march 2018, making India the fourth-
largest wind power producer in the world.
? The government target of installing 20 GW of solar power by 2022 was achieved
four year ahead of schedule in January 2018, through both solar parks as well as
roof-top solar panels
? India has set a new target of achieving 100 GW of solar power by 2022.

? Solar and wind
? The most remarkable story in India’s power sector in recent years has been the growth of
solar PV and wind, which have rapidly increased their share of the overall energy mix in
recent years as coal and hydropower capacity growth has slowed.
? Over the past five years, solar PV capacity has grown at an average growth rate of around
60% and wind capacity of around 10%, outpacing the 7% growth in overall installed capacity.
? This rapid growth reflects government policy support and falling equipment costs.
? In 2015, the Indian government announced a target of 175 GW of renewables by 2022
(excluding large hydro), which included 100 GW of solar and 60 GW of wind capacity.
? Partly owing to the effective management of these risks, India’s solar capacity reached 38 GW
by 2019 (mostly utility scale), with wind adding a further 38 GW of capacity.
? Together, they now constitute nearly 20% of India’s installed capacity.
? In 2019, India announced a new target of 450 GW of renewable electricity capacity by 2030.

RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA
? Biomass power from biomass combustion reached 8.3 GW installed
capacity as of 31 march 2018. Family type biogas plants reached 3.98
million.
? Renewable energy in India comes under the purview of the Ministry Of
New And Renewable Energy (MNRE). India was the first country in the
world to set up a ministry of non-conventional energy resources, in the early
1980s.
? Solar energy corporation of India is responsible for the development of solar
energy industry in India.
? Hydroelectricity is administered separately by the ministry of power and not
included in MNRE targets.
? India set a target of achieving 40% of its total electricity generation from
non-fossil fuel sources by 2030

? The development of wind power in India began in the 1990s, and has significantly increased in the last few
years. Although a relative newcomer to the wind industry compared with Denmark or the US, domestic policy
support for wind power has led India to become the country with the fourth largest installed wind power capacity
in the world. As of 31 march 2018 the installed capacity of wind power in India was 34,046MW, mainly spread
across Tamil Nādu (7,269.50 MW), Maharashtra (4,100.40 MW), Gujarat (3,454.30 MW), Rajasthan (2,784.90
MW), Karnataka (2,318.20 MW), Andhra Pradesh (746.20 MW) and Madhya Pradesh (423.40 MW). Wind
power accounts for 10% of India's total installed power capacity. India has set an ambitious target to generate
60,000 MW of electricity from wind power by 2022
? India is an ideal environment for biomass production given its tropical location and abundant sunshine and rains.
The countries vast agricultural potential provides huge agro-residues which can be used to meet energy needs,
both in heat and power applications. According to IREDA "biomass is capable of supplementing the coal to the
tune of about 260 million tonnes", "saving of about RS. 250 billion, every year. It is estimated that the potential
for biomass energy in India includes 16,000 MW from biomass energy and a further 3,500 MW from bagasse
cogeneration. Biomass materials that can be used for power generation include bagasse, rice husk, straw, cotton
stalk, coconut shells, soya husk, de-oiled cakes, coffee waste, jute wastes, and groundnut shells and saw dust.

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