ADSA 2015
- 1. Evaluation of Microbial Quality of Raw Goat and Ewes Milk Produced in Sabrata, Libya 1Abojnah, Y. S., 2Khatabi, N. A., 1Gnan, S. O., and 3Moncada, M. L. 1University of Tripoli, Tripoli Libya 2School of Science, Academy of Graduate Studies, Tripoli, Libya 3 LSUAgCenter Food Incubator, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA USA. ABSTRACT: The objective of this project was to evaluate the microbial quality of the raw goat and ewes milk in the region of Sabrata, Libya. One hundred random samples of bulk tank raw ewes and goats milk (50 samples each) were collected from different farms in Sabrata, Libya region. All samples were subjected to microbiological tests which included total plate counts (TPC), total coliform counts, yeast and mold counts, Staphylococcus aureus, psychrotrophic, thermophilic, proteolytic and lipolytic bacteria counts as well as pH measuring. There was a significant (P<0.05) differences between all samples analyzed on total plate counts, thermophilic, coliform and lipolytic bacteria counts. The obtained results showed that the mean TPC log cfu/ml were 6.36 and 4.62 respectively. Psychrotrophic and thermophilic counts were detected in 90 and 88%; 88 and 76% of the samples with mean values in log cfu/ml of 3.67 and 3.18; 2.79 and 3.56 respectively. Results also indicated that Staphylococcus aureus and coliforms were present in 100 and 100%; 98 and 98% of the samples with mean values in log cfu/ml 2.82 and 3.28; 3.63 and 3.18 respectively. On the other hand proteolytic and lipolytic bacteria were present in 100 and 100%; 98 and 94% of the samples with mean values in log cfu/ml 2.88 and 3.17; 2.61 and 2.61 respectively. Yeast and mold were detected in 88 and 88% of the samples with mean values in log cfu/ml <1.17 and <1.17. The mean values of pH in all samples analyzed were 6.46 and 6.5. In conclusion, the relatively high microbial count reflecting the poor sanitation and hygienic practices in the region evaluated. INTRODUCTION: World production of milk is forecast to rise to 665 million tons by 2014, representing an average annual increase of 1.5% compared to an annual average growth during the 1990s. Milk production is projected to grow in each of the major country grouping (developed, transitional and developing); however, the largest increment is expected in the developing counties. In these countries, the output of milk is projected to rise by 71 million tons to reach 293 million tons (FAO, 2013). Goat and ewes milk owing to its composition has a potentially greater role to play in future human nutrition and medicine than cows milk. Goat and ewe farmer would more readily set up or expand goat enterprise because of the lower capital investments required concurrent with lower risk. There is a growing demand for unpasteurized goats and ewes milk and milk products by consumers in Sabrata, Lybia. The traditional dairy products from goats and ewes milk are typically made from raw milk with the natural microflora responsible for enhancing desirable flavor characteristics. So there is a clear need to find out more about the present situation regarding the milk quality in Sabrata city. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RESULTS: Table 1. Least Square Means for the different indicator microorganisms of the goats and ewes milk bulk tanks CONCLUSIONS: Total plate counts, coliform counts and Staphylococcus aureus counts from overall raw goats and ewes milk bulk tank samples exceeded maximum limits of the Libya raw milk quality standards, which it indicates poor quality practices of the milk bulk tanks evaluated in this study. Indicator Microorganisms Milk Source Ewe's milk Goat's milk Total Plate counts 6.36a 4.62b Coliform bacteria counts 3.63a 3.18b Staphylococcus Aureus counts 2.82a 3.28a Psychrotrophic bacteria counts 3.67a 3.18a Thermophilic bacteria counts 2.79a 3.56b Proteolytic bacteria 2.88a 3.17a Lipolytic bacteria counts 2.61a 2.61a Yeast and mold counts 1.17a 1.17a Indicator Microorganisms Positive Samples (%) Ewe' s milk Goat's milk Total Plate counts 100 100 Coliform bacteria counts 98 98 Staphylococcus Aureus counts 100 100 Psychrotrophic bacteria counts 90 88 Thermophilic bacteria counts 88 76 Proteolytic bacteria 100 100 Lipolytic bacteria counts 98 94 Yeast and mold counts 88 88 Sample collection from farms of Sabrata, Lybia Ewes milk (50 samples) Goats milk (50 samples) Sample preparation (1:9) (milk:saline solution) Microbiological tests Total plate count (TPC) Total coliforms Yeasts & Molds Staphylococcus aureus Psychrotrophic bact. Thermophilic bact. Proteolytic bact. Lipolytic bact. Table 2. Positive samples from the different goats and ewes milk bulk tanks evaluated in Sabrata region, Libya