�ݺ�ߣ

Reproduction and
Digestion of
organisms

•Reproduction is essential
to all organism.
•It involves the production of
offspring as mode of
passing of genes for
generation continuation.
•Plants and animals and
other organisms have
different ways how they
reproduce

Every organisms reproduce
sexually and asexually through
different modes

Reproduction in all organisms comes in two
types:
SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION –
organism creates an
offspring through a
combination of the genetic
material of two organism
(male and female). The
offspring gets trait which is
50% from the mother and
50% from the father.
ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION –
organism reproduce
without the involvement of
other organism. the
organism produce a 100%
clone of themselves
inheriting the 100% of their
traits.

Plants reproduce in a variety of ways
Plants reproduce
in a variety of ways.
Plants reproduce either
sexually or asexually
or sometimes, other
performs both types.

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
VEGETATIVE
PROPAGATION – a
type of reproduction in
which new plants are
produced from roots,
stems, leaves and buds.

. VEGETATIVE
PROPAGATION –
includes cutting and
budding, runners or
stolons, bulbing,
rhizomes and tubers

.
FRAGMENTATION –
A new plant grows
from a portion of
another plant. It is
somehow similar to
cutting.

SPORE
FORMATION – mother
plant produces spores
that is asexually fertile.
Under favorable
condition, spores will
germinate and becomes
new plants

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
FLOWER –
reproductive part of the
plant. It composed of a
female part (pistil) that
captures the pollen (that
carries the sperm cells)
from the male part
(stamen). the ovary is later
then develop to become
fruit.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
POLLINATION –
refers to the transfer of
pollen from the anther to
the stigma of the flower.

BACTERIAL REPRODUCTION
Bacteria mostly
perform Asexual type
of reproduction
through a process
called BINARY
FISSION

BINARY FISSION
A process in which
DNA and the cell
divides into two
(mitosis). Daughter
cells will have the
identical DNA of the of
the parent bacteria.

FUNGAL REPRODUCTION
Fungi reproduces
either Sexually and
Asexually. This
includes Mushrooms
and imperfect fungi
such as yeast and
other microscopic
fungi.

FRAGMENTATION
– this happen when
thallus (body of fungus).
The detached part starts
to grow some missing
parts
BUDDING – A bud
develops on the surface
of the fungus or hypha.
The bud then grow
carrying the 100% of the
parent’s gene

SPORES – termed
mitospores. Produced
by fungi asexually and
are produced in a variety
of ways depending on
what fungi produces the
spores

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
sexual reproduction
occurs when two haploid
parent cells fuse forming
a diploid spore called
zygospore

Animals
reproduced in a variety
of ways. Though most
animals reproduced
sexually, others are
reproducing asexually
and others can do both.

BUDDING – A new
species can develop
from an outgrowth of a
parent.

FISSION – it
involves the separation /
division of an organism
to form individual of
approximately same size
and same traits

FRAGMENTATION
AND REGENERATION
– when an animal’s body
breaks into different
parts, the parts will later
regenerate to form
several individuals

PARTHENOGENESIS
– a parent produces
egg that are fertilized
but not undergone thru
the process of
fertilization. Male
species has no
involvement.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
animals reproduced
sexually through the
combination of male and
female gametes (sex
cells). The production of
offspring might be through
a live young or through by
an egg.

OVIPARITY and VIVIPARITY
OVIPAROUS –
organism do not
undergone any
embryonic
development inside the
mother.
VIVIPARIOUS –
organism develop
inside the mother
OVOVIVIPARITY –
organism develop
embryos inside eggs that
are retained within the
mother’s body until they
are ready to hatch

Reproduction and Digestion of Animals.pptx

In order to survive,
organisms need to feed
and convert the food
into something that can
be absorb by the body
and utilized it on
several body functions.
Every organism has its
own way on taking in
these substances.

What is food?
•Refers to any substance
consumed by an organism
for nutritional support.
•Usually a plant, animal, or
fungal origin and contains
essential nutrients such as
carbohydrates and
proteins as well as fats
and vitamins and minerals

The nutrients you
get from food are
processed and
synthesized by the cells
in the body intro
structural components
and biologically
essential substances to
serve as fuel to perform
the daily tasks

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• An organ system that
functions on taking in
substances in a form of
food and breaks it up
to smaller substances
(catabolic) and absorb
he nutrients to be used
by the body (anabolic)

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• Major function includes
ingestion, digestion,
absorption and
elimination.
• The process can be
both chemical and
mechanical

humans and other
higher form organisms
have complex system
on getting food for
nutrition. However,
smaller and simpler
animals have also
simple way to nourish
their bodies

AMEOBA
• Single celled
organisms that takes
food particles and
digest these in the food
vacuole
• Uses pseudopodia to
move and get in food
and other particulate
matters

AMEOBA
• Unicelled organisms
that releases enzymes
to digest its food and
dissolved nutrients into
the cell membrane
while liquid wastes are
eliminated

PLANARIA
•Free living flatworms
that have no body
cavities and lives in
freshwater
•Mouth is the only
opening through which
food passes in and
undigested food
passes out also

PLANARIA
•Have simple digestive
system wherein they
grasp the food with
their soft mouths and
push them into their
muscular pharynges
where chemical
digestion happens

AVIANS
•Have no teeth to chew
so they use their beaks
to break down food
enough for them to
swallow
•Food passes through
the esophagus and
empties directly into
the crop where it is
temporarily stored

AVIANS
•Food moves to their
proventriculus that is
similar to the stomach.
•Hydrochloric acid is
secreted together with
digestive enzymes in
the proventriculus

AVIANS
•Food is moved to the
small intestine and
then to the large
intestines
•Remaining undigested
food particles are
moved to their cloaca
where it is mixed with
wastes

RUMINANTS
•Have special digestive
system consist of large
stomach with four
compartments –
rumen, reticulum,
omasum and
abomasum

RUMINANTS
•They swallow their
food in large amounts
and chew them little by
little then back from
their stomachs into the
mouth and chew it
again

RUMINANTS
•Largest compartment
is the rumen.
•Can hold digested food
up to 50 gallons with
millions of bacteria that
help in breaking down
roughage and in
metabolizing amino
acids and vitamins.

RUMINANTS
•Reticulum is like a
honeycomb that traps
large food particles
•omasum is a small
organ
•Abomasum is refer to
the true stomach

�ݺ�ߣ

Reproduction and Digestion of Animals.pptx

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Reproduction and Digestion of Animals.pptx (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Reproduction and Digestion of Animals.pptx

Editor's Notes