Phamacog
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This document summarizes the vascular tissue system in plants. It describes how vascular bundles are distributed throughout the plant and contain three main tissues: xylem, phloem and cambium. The xylem conducts water and minerals from the roots to the leaves, and contains elements like tracheids, vessels, fibers and parenchyma. The phloem transports food materials throughout the plant and contains sieve tubes, companion cells and parenchyma. There are different types of vascular bundles including radial, conjoint, collateral and concentric bundles.
Phamacog
- 2. This system consist of a number of vascular bundles which are distributed in the scale
- 4. Example of vascular plant:
- 6. Function the function of this system is to conduc water and raw food material from the root to the leaves.
- 7. The consist of vascular bundles: Pericycle Pith Medullary
- 10. three well-defined tissues Xylem or woods Phloem or bast Cambium
- 13. Xylem or wood Is a meant to conduct water and mineral salts upwards from the root to the leaf to give mechanical strength to the plant body. Kinds of elements conducting tissues of Xylem Tracheids Vessels or tracheae Wood fibres Wood parenchyma
- 14. Tracheids
- 16. Tracheids is a elongated,tubes-like cell with hard,thick,and lignified walls and large cell cavities. They are dead,empty cells and their walls are provided with one or more rows of bordered pits. It is also annular,spiral,scalariform or pitted (with simple pits) Not vessel
- 18. Vessels or tracheae Vessels are cylinder, tube-like structure. Vessels and tracheids form the main elements of the wood or xylem of the vascular bundle. They are dead, thick-walled and lignified,and as such, they also serve the mechanical function of strengthening the plant body.
- 20. Xylem(wood) fibers: Sclerenchymatous cells associated with wood or xylem are known as wood fibers. Add to the mechanical strength of the xylem and of the plant body as a whole.
- 22. Xylem(wood) parenchyma: Parenchymatous cells are of frequent occurrence in the xylem. Known as wood parenchyma. Cells are alive and generally thin walled.
- 24. phloem The philoem or bast is another conducting tissues PHLOEM COMPOSED OF THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS: Sieve tubes Companion cells Phloem parenchyma Bast fibers (rarely)
- 29. Sieve tubes Sieve tubes are slender,tube-like structures It is also called sieve plate Sieve plate is not transverse(horizontal) Sieve plate of this nature is called a compound plate Sieve plate s covered by a deposit of colourless,shining substance in the form of a pad, called the callus or callus pad. Carbohydrate called callose.
- 31. Companion cells Associated with each sieve lube and connected with it by pores is a thin-walled,elongated cell known as the companion cell. The companion cell is present only in angiosperm(both dicotyledons and monocotyledon)
- 35. Phloem parenchyma Are always some parehymatous cells forming a part of the phloem in all dicotyledons,gymnosperm and ferns. They stored up food material and help to conduct it. Absent in most monocotyledons.
- 36. Bast fibers Sclerenchymatous cells occuring in the phloem or bast are known as bast fibers.
- 38. Types of vascular bundles Radial vascular bundles : when the xylem and phloem form separate bundles which lie on different radii,alternating with each other, as n roots. Conjoint vascular bundles: it is called as conjoint vascular bundles.
- 39. collateral When the xylem and phloem lie together on the same radius Xylem being internal and the phloem external is called collateral.
- 41. bicollateral The outer side of the xylem and again on the inner side of it is called as bicollateral. Bicollateral bundles are characteristics of curubitaceae. They are also often found in: Solanaceae Apocynaceae Convolvulaceae Myrtaceae Etc. Bundles is always open.
- 43. Concentric vascular bundles When one kind of vascular tissues(xylem or phloem) is sorrounded by the other is cslled as concentric vascular bundles. The concentric bundles is to be amphivasal(leptocentrc). The xylem lies in the centre and sorround by the phloem The concentric bundles is to be amphicribral(hadrocentric).
- 45. Ground tissues system System is represented by the cortex,hypodermis,pith,mesophyll and portion of midrib of leaves and comprises of the following tissues.
- 47. More over view