Yellow fever slide

Mar 9, 2011Download as ODP, PDF7 likes10,362 views

Yellow fever is caused by a virus transmitted through the bites of infected female mosquitoes, with an incubation period of 3-6 days. Symptoms include headache, fever, and muscle aches initially, which can develop into more severe symptoms like jaundice, liver failure, and black vomit in the second phase for some patients. While most cases resolve on their own, around 3% of infected individuals may die from yellow fever if the disease progresses to liver and kidney failure.

Transmitted through the virus within the mosquito

Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. It is transmitted via the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. The most severe form is caused by P. falciparum, which can lead to complications affecting multiple organ systems if not promptly treated. Treatment depends on the parasite species and severity of infection, but involves antimalarial medications such as artemisinin compounds, chloroquine, primaquine, and quinine. Prevention strategies center around reducing mosquito bites through insecticide-treated bed nets and chemoprophylaxis with antimalarial drugs.

CholeraReyad Al_Faky

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Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. It causes a large amount of watery diarrhea that can lead to severe dehydration and death if untreated. The bacteria produces a toxin that activates chloride channels in the intestines, causing massive fluid secretion. Transmission occurs through ingestion of contaminated food or water. Symptoms range from mild to a severe "rice water stool". Treatment involves oral rehydration and antibiotics. Patients are discharged once oral intake and urinary output are normal and diarrhea reduced to under 400mL/hour.

Malariasafeer muhammed

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Malaria is caused by a protozoan parasite called Plasmodium, which is transmitted via the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The most common symptoms are fever, chills, and sweating that occurs in intermittent periodic cycles. Left untreated, malaria can cause anemia and enlargement of the spleen. There are four types of malaria parasites that can infect humans, with Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum being the most prevalent. Malaria is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions and is controlled through measures that eliminate the parasite reservoir in humans, interrupt mosquito-borne transmission, and protect susceptible individuals.

Kala azarPreethi Selvaraj

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This document summarizes the history, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and control of Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) in India. It notes that Kala-azar, also known as Dum-Dum fever, was first clinically described in 1756 and the parasite was identified in 1901-1903. There have been significant declines in incidence and deaths from the disease. The document outlines the different clinical forms of Leishmaniasis and discusses the sand fly vector. It provides details on case definitions, surveillance approaches, diagnostic tests including the RDK, and available treatment options in India including Liposomal Amphotericin B and Miltefosine. Vector control using IRS and health education are emphasized

TULAREMIA.pptxNumanAshraf19

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Tularemia is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. It was first identified in 1911 in Tulare County, California and can be transmitted to humans through tick or deer fly bites, handling infected animals, inhaling contaminated materials, or ingesting contaminated food or water. Symptoms vary depending on the route of infection but may include fever, fatigue, headache, and muscle aches. While treatment involves antibiotics, prevention focuses on avoiding contact with wild animals and insects and properly handling/cooking meat. Currently no approved vaccine exists for human use.

Intestinal wormsfitango

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TaeniasisHerman Franklin Ndjamen

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Taeniasis is caused by ingesting undercooked beef containing the cysticercus larval form of the pork tapeworm Taenia saginata or Taenia solium. After ingestion, the cysticercus matures into an adult tapeworm in the small intestine over 2 months. Symptoms include mild abdominal pain, diarrhea, and passing white proglottid segments in stool. Diagnosis is made by detecting eggs or proglottids in stool. Treatment involves praziquantel or alternative medications. Follow up stool exams are needed to confirm elimination of the tapeworm. Thorough cooking of beef can prevent transmission.

Yellow fevermanasi moharana

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Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes that primarily affects monkeys and humans in tropical areas of Africa and South America. It causes fever, jaundice, and can lead to severe liver and kidney damage. There are three main transmission cycles: a sylvatic cycle between monkeys and wild mosquitoes in forests; an intermediate cycle between monkeys, humans and semi-domestic mosquitoes near forests; and an urban cycle between humans and the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The virus is controlled through vaccination programs and mosquito control measures like larval source reduction and insecticide spraying. International travel regulations require a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate for entry into affected areas.

Yellow Fever - The Diseasecscoby

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Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that occurs in tropical areas. It is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito and has two main types: urban yellow fever spreads among humans in cities, while sylvatic yellow fever circulates between monkeys and humans in jungles. Symptoms appear within three to six days and include fever, headache, and bleeding from the eyes, nose or mouth. There is no cure for yellow fever, but vaccination provides lifelong immunity for those traveling to affected areas.

Epidemiology ,prevention and control of helminthic infectionsPreetika Maurya

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This document summarizes soil-transmitted helminthic infections (STH), which include ascariasis, hookworm infections, and whipworm. STH affect over 1.5 billion people worldwide and are transmitted through contact with infective eggs in soil. The eggs are passed in feces and can contaminate environments, especially in areas with poor sanitation. Common symptoms of STH infections include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and anemia. Prevention focuses on improved sanitation and hygiene to reduce transmission, as well as periodic deworming treatments in endemic areas.

Typhoid fever (Enteric fever)Lokanath Reddy Mummadi

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This document provides information about enteric (typhoid) fever, including: - It is caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica and is a global public health problem affecting millions annually. - Clinical features include prolonged high fever, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea or constipation, and potential complications like intestinal perforation. - Diagnosis involves blood, stool, or bone marrow cultures and serologic tests. Ceftriaxone is the treatment of choice for multidrug-resistant cases. Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment are important to prevent complications.

Dracunculiasis (ginea worm)محب الخير الغزواني

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This document summarizes information about Dracunculiasis, or Guinea Worm disease, which is caused by the Dracunculus medinensis parasite. It is typically contracted by drinking water contaminated with infected water fleas. While cases were as high as 3.5 million per year in 1986, improved access to safe drinking water has reduced cases to only 19 reported in 2018. The document outlines the parasite's lifecycle, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention through water treatment and health education, and treatment by slowly removing the emerging worm from blistered skin. Eradication efforts have eliminated the disease in many countries and it is considered eradicable.

LeptospirosisCentral Department Of Microbiology, TU

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Leptospirosis is caused by bacteria that can infect humans and animals. It is commonly spread through contact with urine of infected animals like rats. The document discusses the causative agents, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Leptospirosis symptoms include high fever, headache, muscle pain and can potentially lead to liver or kidney damage. Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests or culture. Antibiotics like doxycycline or penicillin are used for treatment. Prevention involves reducing contact with infected animals and their urine.

LeptospirosisShaina Mavreen Villaroza

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Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by Leptospira bacteria found in the urine of infected animals like cattle, pigs, horses, dogs, and rodents. It can be transmitted to humans via contact with water or soil contaminated by animal urine. Common symptoms include high fever, severe headache, chills, vomiting, jaundice, and muscle aches. If not treated, it can lead to kidney damage, meningitis, liver failure or respiratory distress. Doxycycline or penicillin antibiotics are used for treatment if given early in the infection. Prevention involves avoiding swimming in contaminated water and wearing protective clothing when exposed to contaminated soil or water.

LeishmaniasisVasyl Sorokhan

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Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by sand fly bites. It exists in three main forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. Cutaneous lesions cause skin sores, while mucocutaneous lesions affect mucosal tissues and can cause disfigurement. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs and is the most serious form. The disease is diagnosed by microscopic examination of tissues or cultures to view the parasites. Treatment depends on the form but may include topical or systemic antimonials, amphotericin B, or miltefosine.

TrichomonasOsama Zahid

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Trichomonas is a protozoan parasite that infects the urogenital tract and causes trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted infection. It has only a trophozoite stage and is transmitted during sexual intercourse. Symptoms can include vaginal inflammation, itching, discharge and painful urination. Diagnosis involves examining vaginal discharge under a microscope or using antigen and nucleic acid detection tests. Treatment involves antibiotics like metronidazole. Prevention focuses on barrier protection, hygiene and treating infected partners.

OnchocerciasisRukiga District

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Malaria pediatricDr Inayat Ullah

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Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, with P. falciparum being the most dangerous species. The parasite has a complex life cycle involving transmission between humans and female Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria symptoms include fever, chills, and fatigue in cyclical patterns. It remains a major global health problem, with hundreds of millions of cases and over one million deaths per year. Definitive diagnosis requires microscopic examination of blood smears to identify the malaria parasites.

Syphilis slidesMuni Venkatesh

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This document provides an overview of a syphilis curriculum, including: 1. The curriculum covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, patient management, and prevention of syphilis. 2. Lessons include the disease epidemiology in the US, the pathogenesis of Treponema pallidum, clinical manifestations across all stages of syphilis, methods for diagnosis including serologic tests and microscopy, and prevention strategies. 3. The goal is for learners to understand all aspects of syphilis including transmission, population trends, microbiology, symptoms, testing, and treatment according to CDC guidelines.

HELMINTHIASIS HELMINTHIC INFECTIONDr. Hament Sharma

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Helminthiasis is caused by parasitic worms called helminths. There are three main groups of helminths that cause disease in humans: nematodes (roundworms), trematodes (flukes), and cestodes (tapeworms). Helminths enter the body through ingestion, arthropod bites, or skin penetration. They can cause intestinal diseases as well as diseases in other organs. Symptoms depend on the specific helminth, but may include gastrointestinal issues, skin rashes, lung problems, and liver or kidney damage. Treatment involves anthelminthic drugs while preventing transmission requires improved sanitation and health education.

Measles, mumps & rubellaTty Lim

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TaeniasisNamita Batra

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- Taeniasis is caused by two parasites, T. solium and T. saginata, which have a two-host life cycle involving humans and pigs/cattle. - Transmission occurs through ingesting undercooked pork/beef containing the larvae or through ingesting food or water contaminated with parasite eggs from infected feces. - Most infections are asymptomatic but can sometimes cause abdominal issues. T. solium infection poses a risk of cysticercosis if eggs are accidentally ingested. - Control measures include treatment of infected individuals, meat inspection, health education, and improved sanitation.

Giardia lambliacoon n coon

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Giardia lamblia is a protozoan parasite that infects the small intestine. It exists in two forms - a trophozoite, which is the vegetative form, and a cyst, which is the infective form. The cyst is passed in feces and can remain viable in soil and water for weeks. Infection occurs when cysts are ingested through contaminated food or water. In the small intestine, cysts hatch into trophozoites which colonize the duodenum and jejunum. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and malabsorption. Diagnosis is made by identifying cysts or trophozoites in stool samples or small intestine samples. Treatment involves antibiotics like metronidaz

Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)Don Clark

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Human salmonellosisNamita Batra

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This document discusses various aspects of salmonellosis including its introduction, epidemiological determinants, clinical features, and prevention/control measures. It notes that salmonellosis is a common foodborne infection caused by the salmonella bacteria, which can contaminate foods of animal origin. Symptoms vary depending on the specific salmonella serotype but usually include diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps. Prevention focuses on proper handling and cooking of foods, immunizing animals, and maintaining hygiene.

TrichromoniasAsraful Islam Rayhan

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TrichomoniasisC-za Lalisa

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Hookworm Infestationsaurav Poudel

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Hookworm affects about 576 million people globally, predominating in tropical and subtropical regions. The two major pathogens that cause hookworm infections are Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. Symptoms of hookworm infection include skin irritation, coughing and pneumonia during larval migration through the lungs, anemia and abdominal pain once the worms reach the intestines. Diagnosis involves examining stool samples microscopically for eggs. Treatment consists of anthelmintic drugs like albendazole or mebendazole. Prevention relies on sanitation measures, wearing shoes, health education, and treatment of infected individuals.

SYPHILIS - TREPONEMA PALLIDUMSOMESHWARAN R

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This document provides information about syphilis, including: - Syphilis is caused by the Treponema pallidum bacterium and is transmitted sexually or from mother to child. - It has primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages. Primary syphilis involves a chancre at the infection site. Secondary syphilis has diffuse symptoms like rashes. - Diagnosis involves clinical examination, darkfield microscopy of samples, and serological tests like VDRL and RPR. Treatment is with benzathine penicillin or alternatives like doxycycline if penicillin allergy.

Rubell pptAnwar Ahmad

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Rubella, also known as German measles, is generally a mild viral illness that is often asymptomatic in children but can cause serious birth defects if contracted during pregnancy. It spreads through respiratory droplets. While rubella itself is usually not serious, infection during the first trimester of pregnancy can lead to congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus, causing defects such as deafness, heart problems, and cataracts. The rubella virus was isolated in 1962. An attenuated vaccine was developed in 1967 and is included in the routine MMR vaccine for children, helping to control outbreaks and prevent congenital rubella syndrome through herd immunity.

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Shinglesjoeyprince

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Varicella-zoster virus causes both chickenpox and shingles. Shingles occurs when the virus reactivates after dormancy in the nervous system following chickenpox. It is characterized by a painful rash that typically affects a limited area on one side of the body. Treatment aims to reduce pain and complications through antiviral medication started within 24 hours of symptom onset, along with anti-inflammatory drugs and soothing baths. While shingles itself is usually not fatal, high-risk groups could die if exposed without proper medical care.

Anthraxjoeyprince

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Anthrax is caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. It can infect humans through contact with infected animals or animal products, as well as through inhalation of anthrax spores. There are three main types - cutaneous (skin), inhalation (lungs), and gastrointestinal (digestive system). Symptoms vary depending on type but can include lesions, vomiting, diarrhea, and respiratory issues. Anthrax spores can also be used as a biological weapon. Diagnosis involves cultures and antibody tests while treatment requires long courses of antibiotics.

Amanda mcgurk lupusjoeyprince

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Lupus is an autoimmune disease with no known cause that predominantly affects women aged 15-44, especially those of African American, Asian, Native American, or Pacific Islander descent. Common symptoms include arthritis, joint pain, fever, fatigue, skin rash, and sensitivity to sunlight. While there is no cure for lupus since it is a chronic condition that produces antibodies against a person's own tissues, treatment focuses on managing symptoms with medications like steroids, immunosuppressants, and anti-inflammatories.

Skin cancerjoeyprince

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Skin cancer is the most common form of human cancer, with over 1 million new cases occurring annually. It is caused by UV rays from the sun and tanning beds, with excessive and unprotected exposure increasing risk. The three main types are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma, ordered from least to most dangerous. Signs include changes in the skin like growths, sores, or changes to existing marks. Prevention focuses on avoiding UV exposure and using sunscreen while treatment depends on the type and may include surgery, radiation, or cryosurgery.

Lungs (amy t, alexis s, sam m)joeyprince

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Heart 1joeyprince

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Cornea(1)joeyprince

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Asthma projectjoeyprince

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Meowmeowmeowjoeyprince

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Narcjoeyprince

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