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Forest Vocation Land Policy. Concepts

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J
Jose Rente Nascimento

A public forest and land cover policy that address erosion and runoff in a cost effective and simple manner. Presentation given at the World Forest Congress in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 2009.

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FOREST VOCATION LAND POLICY Dr. Jos¨¦ Rente Nascimento [jrenten@gmail.com] - SIDE EVENT DEL CFM2009 - BID Pol¨ªtica Tierra de Vocaci¨®n Forestal y Otras Herramientas para Facilitar Negocios Forestales Sostenibles Buenos Aires - Argentina 21 del Octubre, 2009 1
Summary 1- FVL policy scope 2- Problem - opportunities 3- FVL definition 4- FVL policy directive 5- The vision 6- Leverage and strategy 7- FVLs in LAC countries 8- Some concepts 9- Advantages and disadvantages 7- Simplicity, precision and cost effectiveness 9- FVLs and climate change 10- Implications from the of FVL policy implementation BID 11- Instruments for implementation 2
Forest Vocation Land Scope 2 types of forest policies: 1- Private goods and services 2- Environmental services (externalities) BID Soil and water related externalities 3
The problem - opportunity ? Erosion ? Loss of fertility and productivity ? Runoff ? Sedimentation, water body storage loss ? Floods, water flow regimen, less water in dry seasons ? Poor water quality ? Land use allocation conflicts ? Adverse effects on hydroelectricity, BID irrigation, potable water; water for industrial production 4
Forest Vocation Land defined: those lands that, due to their physical site features such as soil, topography, and the rainfall they receive, should be kept under forest cover or other sustainable land use if soil or water related negative externalities are to be avoided. FVL classification does not depend on the type of cover the land actually has, nor does it depend on the requirements it may have for BID agriculture crop or forest production. Therefore, lands with no forest cover or use can still be classified as FVL if their physical features so indicate; while lands covered with forest may not be FVL. 5
TVF Forest policy directive: Forest vocation lands should be covered by forests or used with a sustainable land use if no soil and water related negative externalities are to reduce social welfare. Non compliance would be penalized by the state through fines sufficient to stimulate the desirable change. BID 6
The vision Reforested FVL BID 7
The vision BID FVL with natural regeneration 8
The Vision FVL & nFVL BID with sustainable covers 9
Leverage point FVL policy is simple, more precise, intuitive, and cost effective because it identifies critical areas at high risk of erosion and acts upon them Traditional Shotgun Strategy approach FVL ?Sniper BID Strategy approach 10
?Which LAC countries have most FVLs? 17 countries with 50% or more of steep slopes (at least) BID Slope Proxy for FVL 11
Some concepts Land cover: the observed (bio) physical cover on the earth's surface, regardless of its use by people. Land use: Refers to arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a certain land cover type to produce, change or maintain it. Uso Forestal: Any land use that Sustainable land use: Land use of involves a forest cover. It any type that does not generate includes, for example, exotic or soil or water related negative native species plantation forests, externalities. It can be a natural primary or secondary sustainable agriculture use, a forests under management; road, a building, forest cover, agroforestry uses, arbustive fruit forest use. plantations, forest roads, BID firebreaks, recently harvested forests temporarily without forest cover and that will return to forest use, etc. 12
Advantages ? Simple and intuitive ? Cost effective for the state to implement ? Flexible and most cost effective land covers available to land owners ? Simplifies the legal framework, reduces illegality, and reduces corruption ? Concentrates the action by the State on critical areas under high risk of erosion and runoff ? Creates incentives for degraded FVL restauration ? Identifies areas (nFVL) that can have a BID more flexible land use without major risk of erosion and runoff ? Reduces conflicts over land use 13
Disadvantages ? Policy specialized on solving soil and water externalities ? Can contribute but is not an effective means to address other externalities such as biodiversity or aesthetic ? Identifies nFVL covered with trees and whose conversion might be socially desirable BID 14
Simplicity and low cost: FVLs and nFVLs. Panama example BID 15
Forest cover Forest cover No forest cover BID 16
Simplicity and low cost FVLs without forest cover: risk areas for erosion and runoff BID 17
Acceptable uses and covers Classification FVL nFVL Forest Acceptable Indifferent Cover or Sustainable Acceptable Indifferent use NOT- Forest BID NOT- NOT- sustainable Indifferent acceptable 18
Priority sites for inspection (sniper). FVLs without forest cover BID 19
Systems dynamics modeling. Causal relationships If variable A increases (decreases), variable B increases (decreases) more than without A?s change. The variables move in the same direction. If variable A decreases (increases), variable B increases (decreases) more than without A?s change. The variables move in the opposite directions. BID 20
FVLs and environmental services of forests BID 21
TVFs y Servicios de cuerpos de agua, inundaciones, y producci¨®n de la tierra BID 22
Climate change FVLs and adaptation to greater flood risks BID 23
Climate change FVLs and the adaptation of agriculture to rainfall changes BID 24
Implications from the adoption of the FVL policy BID 25
INSTRUMENTS PRINCIPALS FVL IDENTIFICATION & FVL COVER CHANGE LEGAL FRAMEWORK COVER BASELINE MONITORING ADJUSMENT INSTITUTIONAL DISEMINATION, SUPPORT TO FLV OWNERS, AND ADJUSTMENT RESULTS PROMOTION COMPLEMENTARY ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC, FISCAL, PLANTATION FOREST FVL POLICY FOR FLOOD BID FINANCIAL ANALYSES APTITUD ZONING RISK MANAGEMENT (CURRENT POLICY x FVL POL?CY) Fuente: BID (2008) 26
TAKE HOME POINT BID 27
FVL Policy Directive Forest Vocation Lands, due to their physical site features such as soil, topography, and the rainfall they receive, should be kept under forest cover or other sustainable land use if soil or water related negative externalities are to be avoided. BID 28

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Forest Vocation Land Policy. Concepts

  • 1. FOREST VOCATION LAND POLICY Dr. Jos¨¦ Rente Nascimento [jrenten@gmail.com] - SIDE EVENT DEL CFM2009 - BID Pol¨ªtica Tierra de Vocaci¨®n Forestal y Otras Herramientas para Facilitar Negocios Forestales Sostenibles Buenos Aires - Argentina 21 del Octubre, 2009 1
  • 2. Summary 1- FVL policy scope 2- Problem - opportunities 3- FVL definition 4- FVL policy directive 5- The vision 6- Leverage and strategy 7- FVLs in LAC countries 8- Some concepts 9- Advantages and disadvantages 7- Simplicity, precision and cost effectiveness 9- FVLs and climate change 10- Implications from the of FVL policy implementation BID 11- Instruments for implementation 2
  • 3. Forest Vocation Land Scope 2 types of forest policies: 1- Private goods and services 2- Environmental services (externalities) BID Soil and water related externalities 3
  • 4. The problem - opportunity ? Erosion ? Loss of fertility and productivity ? Runoff ? Sedimentation, water body storage loss ? Floods, water flow regimen, less water in dry seasons ? Poor water quality ? Land use allocation conflicts ? Adverse effects on hydroelectricity, BID irrigation, potable water; water for industrial production 4
  • 5. Forest Vocation Land defined: those lands that, due to their physical site features such as soil, topography, and the rainfall they receive, should be kept under forest cover or other sustainable land use if soil or water related negative externalities are to be avoided. FVL classification does not depend on the type of cover the land actually has, nor does it depend on the requirements it may have for BID agriculture crop or forest production. Therefore, lands with no forest cover or use can still be classified as FVL if their physical features so indicate; while lands covered with forest may not be FVL. 5
  • 6. TVF Forest policy directive: Forest vocation lands should be covered by forests or used with a sustainable land use if no soil and water related negative externalities are to reduce social welfare. Non compliance would be penalized by the state through fines sufficient to stimulate the desirable change. BID 6
  • 7. The vision Reforested FVL BID 7
  • 8. The vision BID FVL with natural regeneration 8
  • 9. The Vision FVL & nFVL BID with sustainable covers 9
  • 10. Leverage point FVL policy is simple, more precise, intuitive, and cost effective because it identifies critical areas at high risk of erosion and acts upon them Traditional Shotgun Strategy approach FVL ?Sniper BID Strategy approach 10
  • 11. ?Which LAC countries have most FVLs? 17 countries with 50% or more of steep slopes (at least) BID Slope Proxy for FVL 11
  • 12. Some concepts Land cover: the observed (bio) physical cover on the earth's surface, regardless of its use by people. Land use: Refers to arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a certain land cover type to produce, change or maintain it. Uso Forestal: Any land use that Sustainable land use: Land use of involves a forest cover. It any type that does not generate includes, for example, exotic or soil or water related negative native species plantation forests, externalities. It can be a natural primary or secondary sustainable agriculture use, a forests under management; road, a building, forest cover, agroforestry uses, arbustive fruit forest use. plantations, forest roads, BID firebreaks, recently harvested forests temporarily without forest cover and that will return to forest use, etc. 12
  • 13. Advantages ? Simple and intuitive ? Cost effective for the state to implement ? Flexible and most cost effective land covers available to land owners ? Simplifies the legal framework, reduces illegality, and reduces corruption ? Concentrates the action by the State on critical areas under high risk of erosion and runoff ? Creates incentives for degraded FVL restauration ? Identifies areas (nFVL) that can have a BID more flexible land use without major risk of erosion and runoff ? Reduces conflicts over land use 13
  • 14. Disadvantages ? Policy specialized on solving soil and water externalities ? Can contribute but is not an effective means to address other externalities such as biodiversity or aesthetic ? Identifies nFVL covered with trees and whose conversion might be socially desirable BID 14
  • 15. Simplicity and low cost: FVLs and nFVLs. Panama example BID 15
  • 16. Forest cover Forest cover No forest cover BID 16
  • 17. Simplicity and low cost FVLs without forest cover: risk areas for erosion and runoff BID 17
  • 18. Acceptable uses and covers Classification FVL nFVL Forest Acceptable Indifferent Cover or Sustainable Acceptable Indifferent use NOT- Forest BID NOT- NOT- sustainable Indifferent acceptable 18
  • 19. Priority sites for inspection (sniper). FVLs without forest cover BID 19
  • 20. Systems dynamics modeling. Causal relationships If variable A increases (decreases), variable B increases (decreases) more than without A?s change. The variables move in the same direction. If variable A decreases (increases), variable B increases (decreases) more than without A?s change. The variables move in the opposite directions. BID 20
  • 21. FVLs and environmental services of forests BID 21
  • 22. TVFs y Servicios de cuerpos de agua, inundaciones, y producci¨®n de la tierra BID 22
  • 23. Climate change FVLs and adaptation to greater flood risks BID 23
  • 24. Climate change FVLs and the adaptation of agriculture to rainfall changes BID 24
  • 25. Implications from the adoption of the FVL policy BID 25
  • 26. INSTRUMENTS PRINCIPALS FVL IDENTIFICATION & FVL COVER CHANGE LEGAL FRAMEWORK COVER BASELINE MONITORING ADJUSMENT INSTITUTIONAL DISEMINATION, SUPPORT TO FLV OWNERS, AND ADJUSTMENT RESULTS PROMOTION COMPLEMENTARY ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC, FISCAL, PLANTATION FOREST FVL POLICY FOR FLOOD BID FINANCIAL ANALYSES APTITUD ZONING RISK MANAGEMENT (CURRENT POLICY x FVL POL?CY) Fuente: BID (2008) 26
  • 28. FVL Policy Directive Forest Vocation Lands, due to their physical site features such as soil, topography, and the rainfall they receive, should be kept under forest cover or other sustainable land use if soil or water related negative externalities are to be avoided. BID 28